scholarly journals Plasmid-Borne smr Gene Causes Resistance to Quaternary Ammonium Compounds in Bovine Staphylococcus aureus

2001 ◽  
Vol 39 (11) ◽  
pp. 3999-4004 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Bjorland ◽  
M. Sunde ◽  
S. Waage
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium Compounds ◽  
Ammonium Compounds

scholarly journals Adherence of staphylococcus aureus to catheter tubing inhibition by quaternary ammonium compounds

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Marie Liesse Iyamba ◽  
Daniel Tassa Okombe ◽  
Francis Nsimba Zakanda ◽  
Trésor Kimbeni Malongo ◽  
Joseph Welo Unya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium Compounds ◽  
Catheter Tubing ◽  
Ammonium Compounds

scholarly journals Quaternary ammonium compounds: an alternative disinfection method for fresh produce wash water

2007 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristobal Chaidez ◽  
Javier Lopez ◽  
Nohelia Castro-del Campo
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Fresh Produce ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium Compounds ◽  
Wash Water ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Average Case ◽  
Ammonium Compounds

Irrigation water can serve as a vehicle for transporting pathogenic microorganisms, and numerous cases of bacterial infections from consumption of irrigated fresh produce have been reported in recent years. Chlorine-based disinfectants applied when produce is packed are widely used to control microorganisms. When applied properly, the chlorine products are effective. However, hazardous disinfection breakdown products can be formed, and chlorine disinfectants have high oxidant activity that can affect produce quality and pose a risk to food handlers. Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (QACs) are a disinfectant alternative for the washing of fruits and vegetables. They can control a great number of microorganisms, have low toxicity when used at recommended doses, and are stable in storage. The purpose of this work was to assess the disinfectant activity of QACs against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus under worst-case and average-case turbidity conditions, (2 and 100 nephelometric units); two disinfectant concentrations (100 and 200 mg/L; and two contact times (30 and 120 seconds). Our research showed that QACs were effective against both bacteria. The percentage reduction of Escherichia coli was significantly higher in the less turbid solution (P=0.027), while turbidity did not affect the reduction of Staphylococcus aureus (P>0.05). E. coli was more resistant to QAC treatment than S. aureus. Based on the data obtained we can conclude that QACs could be an alternative in washing processes of fruits and vegetables.

scholarly journals Novel Plasmid-Borne Gene qacJ Mediates Resistance to Quaternary Ammonium Compounds in Equine Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus simulans, and Staphylococcus intermedius

2003 ◽  
Vol 47 (10) ◽  
pp. 3046-3052 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jostein Bjorland ◽  
Terje Steinum ◽  
Marianne Sunde ◽  
Steinar Waage ◽  
Even Heir
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium Compounds ◽  
Rolling Circle Replication ◽  
Chronic Infections ◽  
Skin Preparation ◽  
Rolling Circle ◽  
Staphylococcal Species ◽  
Small Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Ammonium Compounds

ABSTRACT We identified a novel plasmid-borne gene (designated qacJ) encoding resistance to quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) in three staphylococcal species associated with chronic infections in four horses. qacJ was located on a 2,650-bp plasmid (designated pNVH01), a new member of the pC194 family of rolling-circle replication plasmids. The 107-amino-acid protein, QacJ, showed similarities to known proteins of the small multidrug resistance family: Smr/QacC (72.5%), QacG (82.6%), and QacH (73.4%). The benzalkonium chloride MIC for a qacJ-containing recombinant was higher than those for otherwise isogenic recombinants expressing Smr, QacG, or QacH. Molecular epidemiological analyses by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis suggested both the clonal spread of a qacJ-harboring Staphylococcus aureus strain and the horizontal transfer of pNVH01 within and between different equine staphylococcal species. The presence of pNVH01 of identical nucleotide sequence in different staphylococcal species suggests that recent transfer has occurred. In three of the horses, a skin preparation containing cetyltrimethylammonium bromide had been used extensively for several years; this might explain the selection of staphylococci harboring the novel QAC resistance gene.

Determination of quaternary ammonium compounds in food products by the method of ultra-performance liquid chromatography/high resolution mass-spectrometry

2020 ◽  
Vol 86 (8) ◽  
pp. 23-31
Author(s):  
V. G. Amelin ◽  
D. S. Bolshakov
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium ◽  
High Resolution Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Quaternary Ammonium Compounds ◽  
High Resolution Mass ◽  
Ammonium Compounds ◽  
Resolution Mass

The goal of the study is developing a methodology for determination of the residual amounts of quaternary ammonium compounds (QAC) in food products by UHPLC/high-resolution mass spectrometry after water-acetonitrile extraction of the determined components from the analyzed samples. The identification and determination of QAC was carried out on an «UltiMate 3000» ultra-high-performance liquid chromatograph (Thermo Scientific, USA) equipped with a «maXis 4G» high-resolution quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometric detector and an ion spray «ionBooster» source (Bruker Daltonics, Germany). Samples of milk, cheese (upper cortical layer), dumplings, pork, chicken skin and ground beef were used as working samples. Optimal conditions are specified for chromatographic separation of the mixture of five QAC, two of them being a mixture of homologues with a linear structure (including isomeric forms). The identification of QAC is carried out by the retention time, exact mass of the ions, and coincidence of the mSigma isotopic distribution. The limits for QAC detection are 0.1 – 0.5 ng/ml, the determination limits are 1 ng/ml for aqueous standard solutions. The determinable content of QAC in food products ranges within 1 – 100 ng/g. The results of analysis revealed the residual amount of QAC present in all samples, which confirms data of numerous sources of information about active use of QAC-based disinfectants in the meat and dairy industry. The correctness of the obtained results is verified by introduction of the additives in food products at a level of 10 ng/g for each QAC. The relative standard deviation of the analysis results does not exceed 0.18. The duration of the analysis is 30 – 40 min.

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