The Andes Hantavirus NSs Protein Is Expressed from the Viral Small mRNA by a Leaky Scanning Mechanism

In the rat, the catechol O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene has been found to contain two promoters, P1 and P2. This organization enables the gene to produce a soluble (S-COMT) and a membrane-associated (MB-COMT) protein by using two in-frame ATG initiation codons (S- and MB-ATG). The P1 promoter expresses a 1.6 kb transcript (S-mRNA) which codes for the S-COMT polypeptide only. Here we demonstrate that the P2 promoter controls the expression of alternatively spliced 1.9 kb transcripts (MB-mRNA) which differ by a 27-nucleotide region immediately upstream of the MB-AUG codon. The presence of the 27-base sequence alters the nucleotide at position -3 from G to C, thereby changing the translation initiation context of the MB-AUG codon. Expression experiments in COS-7 cells using full-length COMT cDNAs showed that this alteration affected the initiation of the translation of the MB-AUG and consequently changed the relative amounts of MB- and S-COMT polypeptides produced. No proteolytic cleavage of the MB-COMT form to S-COMT was detected in in vitro or in vivo pulse-chase experiments. We conclude that the bifunctional 1.9 kb mRNAs are able to produce both S-COMT and MB-COMT polypeptide by the leaky scanning mechanism of translation initiation.

Download Full-text

NMR Structure of the N-terminal Coiled Coil Domain of the Andes Hantavirus Nucleocapsid Protein

Journal of Biological Chemistry ◽

10.1074/jbc.m804869200 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 283 (42) ◽

pp. 28297-28304 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Yu Wang ◽

Daniel M. Boudreaux ◽

D. Fernando Estrada ◽

Chet W. Egan ◽

Stephen C. St. Jeor ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nucleocapsid Protein ◽

Coiled Coil ◽

Nmr Structure ◽

The Andes ◽

Coiled Coil Domain ◽

Andes Hantavirus

Download Full-text

The 3′ Untranslated Region of the Andes Hantavirus Small mRNA Functionally Replaces the Poly(A) Tail and Stimulates Cap-Dependent Translation Initiation from the Viral mRNA

Journal of Virology ◽

10.1128/jvi.01270-10 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 84 (19) ◽

pp. 10420-10424 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Jorge Vera-Otarola ◽

Ricardo Soto-Rifo ◽

Emiliano P. Ricci ◽

Théophile Ohlmann ◽

Jean-Luc Darlix ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Protein Synthesis ◽

Translation Initiation ◽

Untranslated Region ◽

Binding Protein ◽

Viral Proteins ◽

Viral Mrna ◽

The Andes ◽

Eukaryotic Mrnas ◽

Andes Hantavirus ◽

Stimulation Of

ABSTRACT In the process of translation of eukaryotic mRNAs, the 5′ cap and the 3′ poly(A) tail interact synergistically to stimulate protein synthesis. Unlike its cellular counterparts, the small mRNA (SmRNA) of Andes hantavirus (ANDV), a member of the Bunyaviridae, lacks a 3′ poly(A) tail. Here we report that the 3′ untranslated region (3′UTR) of the ANDV SmRNA functionally replaces a poly(A) tail and synergistically stimulates cap-dependent translation initiation from the viral mRNA. Stimulation of translation by the 3′UTR of the ANDV SmRNA was found to be independent of viral proteins and of host poly(A)-binding protein.

Download Full-text

CpG di-nucleotide Odds Ratio Measures Drive Unsupervised Clustering to Characterize the Andes Hantavirus

10.21203/rs.3.rs-354704/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Emilio Mastriani ◽

Shu-Lin Liu

Keyword(s):

Odds Ratio ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Clustering Algorithms ◽

Hemorrhagic Fever ◽

Unsupervised Clustering ◽

Point Of View ◽

Differential Analysis ◽

Ratio Distribution ◽

The Andes ◽

Andes Hantavirus

Abstract Hantaviruses belong to the Bunyaviridae family with small mammals hosting them. Humans are infected either by inhaling virus-containing aerosols or through contact with animal droppings. Even if rodents host the pathogenic species and humans are dead-end hosts, they still get accidentally infected. The Andes Orthohantavirus (ANDV) seems to be the only species with documented person-to-person transmission. Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and Hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS) are both serious syndromes associated with hantavirus infections. For both syndromes, the mortality rate is near 40%. Decades of studies have already highlighted the CpG repression in RNA viruses, and both the estimation of the CpG odds ratio and the correlation with their genome polarity were dominant factors in figuring out the CpG bias. We conducted the differential analysis of the CpG odds ratio for all the orthohantaviruses on the full segmented genomes (L, M, S). The results suggested the statistical significance of the three groups. The “Small” genomes were more informative from the CpG odd ratio point of view. We calculated the CpG odds ratio for all the Orthohantaviruses within these segments and furthermore estimated the correlation coefficient with the relative coding sequences (CDS). Preliminary results first confirmed the CpG odds ratio as the lowest among all the nucleotides. Second, the Andes virus was highlighted as the one with the highest CpG odds ratio within CDS. The use of these two measures as features for unsupervised clustering algorithms has allowed us to identify four different sub-groups within the Orthohantaviridae family. The evidence is that the Andes Hantavirus exhibits a peculiar CpG odds ratio distribution, probably linked to its unique characteristic of passing from person to person.

Download Full-text

Unsupervised Clustering characterizes the CPG dinucleotides distribution of the Andes hantavirus

10.1101/2021.02.23.432596 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Emilio Mastriani ◽

Shu-Lin Liu

Keyword(s):

Odds Ratio ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Clustering Algorithms ◽

Hemorrhagic Fever ◽

Unsupervised Clustering ◽

Differential Analysis ◽

Ratio Distribution ◽

Cpg Dinucleotides ◽

The Andes ◽

Andes Hantavirus

AbstractHantaviruses belong to the family of Bunyaviridae, and small mammals host them. Humans are infected either by inhaling virus-containing aerosols or through contact with animal droppings. Even if rodents host the pathogenic species and humans are dead-end hosts, they get accidentally infected. Andes Orthohantavirusus (ANDV) seems to be the only species with documented person-to-person transmission. Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS) are both serious syndromes associated with hantavirus infections. For both syndromes, the mortality rate is near 40%. Decades of studies already highlighted the CpG repression in RNA viruses, and both the estimation of the CpG odds ratio and the correlation with their genome polarity were dominant factors to figure out the CpG bias. We conducted the differential analysis of the CpG odds ratio for all the orthohantaviruses on the full segmented genomes (L, M, S). The results suggested the statistical significance of the three groups. The “Small” genomes resulted in the more informative from the CpG odd ratio point of view. We calculated the CpG odds ratio for all the Orthohantaviruses within these segments, and besides, we estimated the correlation coefficient with the relative coding sequences (CDS). Preliminary results firstly confirmed the CpG odds ratio as the lowest among all the nucleotides. Second, highlighted the Andes virus as that whose CpG odds ratio within CDS is highest. The use of these two measures as features for unsupervised clustering algorithms has brought to the identification of four different sub-groups inside of the Orthohantaviridae family. The evidence is that the Andes Hantavirus exhibits a peculiar CpG odds ratio distribution, probably linked to its unique prerogative to pass from human-to-human.

Download Full-text