Evolutionary pattern of the hemagglutinin gene of influenza B viruses isolated in Japan: cocirculating lineages in the same epidemic season.

The aim of this study was to determine the level of antibodies against hemagglutinin of influenza viruses in the sera of people in the seven age groups in the epidemic season 2018/2019 in Poland. The level of anti-hemagglutinin antibodies was determined by hemagglutination inhibition test (HAI). 1050 clinical samples from all over the country were tested. The level of antibodies against influenza viruses was highest in the 10–14 age group for A/Singapore/INFIMH-16-0019/2016 (H3N2) and B/Phuket/3073/2013 Yamagata lineage antigens. These results confirm the circulation of four antigenically different influenza virus strains, two subtypes of influenza A virus – A/Michigan/45/2015 (H1N1)pdm09 and A/Singapore/INFIMH-16-0019/2016 (H3N2) and two lineages of influenza B virus – B/Colorado/06/2017 – Victoria lineage and B/Phuket/3073/2013 Yamagata lineage.

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DRIFT OF INFLUENA A(H3N2) VIRUS: BIOLOGICAL, ANTIGENIC AND GENETIC PROPERTIES IN EPIDEMIC SEASON 2016-2017 IN RUSSIA AND COUNTRIES OF THE NOTHERN HEMYSPHERE

Voprosy Virusologii ◽

10.18821/0507-4088-2018-63-2-61-68 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 63 (2) ◽

pp. 61-68 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

D. K. Lvov ◽

E. I. Burtseva ◽

E. S. Kirillova ◽

L. V. Kolobukhina ◽

E. A. Mukasheva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Influenza Virus ◽

Northern Hemisphere ◽

Influenza A ◽

H3n2 Virus ◽

Research Centre ◽

Federal State ◽

Influenza B Virus ◽

Influenza B ◽

Epidemic Season ◽

B Virus

The article presents the features of the influenza virus circulation for the period from October 2016 to May 2017 in some territories of Russia collaborating with the D.I. Ivanovsky Institute of Virology, Federal State Budgetary Institution “N.F. Gamaleya Federal Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology”, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. One of the 2016-2017 season’s peculiarities in Russia and countries of the Northern hemisphere was the earlier start of an increase in ARD morbidity with peak indexes reached towards the end of December 2016 - January 2017. First, influenza A(H3N2) virus was predominant; then, it was followed by influenza B virus activity observed until the end of the season. The indexes of morbidity were higher than in the previous season, while the rates of hospitalization and mortality were lower, lethal cases being detected in persons 65 years old and older. Epidemic strains of influenza A(H3N2) virus belonged to 3c.2a genetic group, reference strain A/Hong Hong/4408/2014, and its subgroup 3c.2a1, reference A/Bolzano/7/2016, that are antigenically similar. Strains of influenza B virus were antigenically similar to the B/Brisbane/60/2008 vaccine virus. Strains were sensitive to oseltamivir and zanamivir. The share participation of non-influenza ARI viruses was similar to preliminary epidemic seasons. WHO has issued recommendations for influenza virus vaccines composition for 2017-2018 for the Northern hemisphere.

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Interplay between cost and effectiveness in influenza vaccine uptake: a vaccination game approach

Proceedings of The Royal Society A Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences ◽

10.1098/rspa.2019.0608 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 475 (2232) ◽

pp. 20190608 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Md. Rajib Arefin ◽

Tanaka Masaki ◽

K. M. Ariful Kabir ◽

Jun Tanimoto

Keyword(s):

Influenza A ◽

Financial Burden ◽

Mean Field ◽

Influenza Viruses ◽

Vaccine Uptake ◽

Influenza B ◽

Epidemic Season ◽

Influenza Outbreak ◽

Individual Level ◽

The Individual

Pre-emptive vaccination is regarded as one of the most protective measures to control influenza outbreak. There are mainly two types of influenza viruses—influenza A and B with several subtypes—that are commonly found to circulate among humans. The traditional trivalent (TIV) flu vaccine targets two strains of influenza A and one strain of influenza B. The quadrivalent (QIV) vaccine targets one extra B virus strain that ensures better protection against influenza; however, the use of QIV vaccine can be costly, hence impose an extra financial burden to society. This scenario might create a dilemma in choosing vaccine types at the individual level. This article endeavours to explain such a dilemma through the framework of a vaccination game, where individuals can opt for one of the three options: choose either of QIV or TIV vaccine or none. Our approach presumes a mean-field framework of a vaccination game in an infinite and well-mixed population, entangling the disease spreading process of influenza with the coevolution of two types of vaccination decision-making processes taking place before an epidemic season. We conduct a series of numerical simulations as an attempt to illustrate different scenarios. The framework has been validated by the so-called multi-agent simulation (MAS) approach.

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Population immunity for influenza in population of Sverdlovsk Region in epidemic season of 2018–2019

Medical alphabet ◽

10.33667/2078-5631-2020-18-26-28 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 26-28

Author(s):

I. A. Malchikov ◽

A. V. Slobodenyuk ◽

I. V. Vyalykh ◽

A. Yu. Markaran ◽

Yu. V. Grigorieva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Influenza A ◽

Adult Population ◽

Laboratory Data ◽

Influenza Viruses ◽

H3n2 Virus ◽

Influenza B Virus ◽

Influenza B ◽

Epidemic Season ◽

Influenza A H1n1 ◽

Epidemic Period

Donor blood serum was tested to detect antibodies against circulating influenza viruses. The titer of specific antibodies was determined in the hemagglutination inhibition test (RTGA) against influenza viruses A/California/07/09(H1N1) pdm09, A/HongKong/4801/14(H3N2) and B/Brisben/46/15. In the pre-epidemic period 2018–2019, the immune layer of people with conditionally protective titers of antiviral antibodies was detected in terms of the lowest to A(H3N2) virus (50.0 %), the highest to influenza B (85.4 %). In the post-epidemic season of 2018–2019, the immune layer to influenza A(H1N1) pdm09 virus did not change significantly, which could indicate the preservation of the activity of this virus in the adult population; an increase in the immune layer of individuals with protective titers of antibodies to influenza A(H3N2) – 67.4 % and a decrease in influenza B virus – 49.2 %. A comparison of the results of laboratory data carried out in the pre- and post-epidemic seasons revealed significant differences in the number of people with average antibody titers against influenza A(H3N2) and B viruses (p < 0.05).

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Evolutionary pattern of influenza B viruses based on the HA and NS genes during 1940 to 1999: origin of the NS genes after 1997

Archives of Virology ◽

10.1007/s007050050712 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 144 (10) ◽

pp. 1881-1891 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

C. Luo ◽

T. Morishita ◽

K. Satou ◽

Y. Tateno ◽

K. Nakajima ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Influenza B ◽

Evolutionary Pattern

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Reappearance of influenza B/Victoria/2/87-lineage viruses: epidemic activity, genetic diversity and vaccination efficacy in the Finnish Defence Forces

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s0950268804003462 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 133 (2) ◽

pp. 263-271 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

N. IKONEN ◽

R. PYHÄLÄ ◽

T. AXELIN ◽

M. KLEEMOLA ◽

H. KORPELA

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Respiratory Tract Infections ◽

Biological Significance ◽

Glycosylation Site ◽

Upper Respiratory Tract Infections ◽

Influenza B ◽

Upper Respiratory Tract ◽

Epidemic Season ◽

Upper Respiratory ◽

Tract Infections

A new B/Shangdong/7/97-like influenza virus (Victoria/2/87 lineage) predominated during the 2002/2003 epidemic season in Finland and was estimated to account for 2246 of the 13496 feverish upper respiratory tract infections (URIs) occurring among conscripts in the Finnish army. The incidence (1716/10000 conscripts) was indicative of moderate epidemic activity at most. Analysis of the cross-reactive antibodies induced in 1988 suggests that the basis of the protection was probably established during the childhood of the conscripts. Vaccination in autumn 2002 prevented 42% of the URIs during the influenza B outbreak and 71% (95% CI 42–85) of infections interpreted as influenza B. Despite the low genetic variability of the Shangdong/7/97-like viruses, breakages of a potential glycosylation site in haemagglutinin (HA1, position 197) were frequent; their biological significance is discussed. The Shangdong/7/97-like strains were HA1/NA reassortants, as were also the less abundant strains that for HA1 belonged to the B/Yamagata/16/88 lineage. A further reassortment, which probably emerged during the outbreak in one of the garrisons, supports our hypothesis that circumstances in these settings may especially favour the emergence of diversity by reassortment.

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