Molecular Phylogeny and Proposed Classification of the Simian Picornaviruses

ABSTRACT The simian picornaviruses were isolated from various primate tissues during the development of general tissue culture methods in the 1950s to 1970s or from specimens derived from primates used in biomedical research. Twenty simian picornavirus serotypes are recognized, and all are presently classified within the Enterovirus genus. To determine the phylogenetic relationships among all of the simian picornaviruses and to evaluate their classification, we have determined complete VP1 sequences for 19 of the 20 serotypes. Phylogenetic analysis showed that A13, SV19, SV26, SV35, SV43, and SV46 are members of human enterovirus species A, a group that contains enterovirus 71 and 11 of the coxsackie A viruses. SA5 is a member of human enterovirus species B, which contains the echoviruses, coxsackie B viruses, coxsackievirus A9, and enterovirus 69. SV6, N125, and N203 are related to one another and, more distantly, to species A human enteroviruses, but could not be definitely assigned to a species. SV4 and SV28 are closely related to one another and to A-2 plaque virus, but distinct from other enteroviruses, suggesting that these simian viruses are members of a new enterovirus species. SV2, SV16, SV18, SV42, SV44, SV45, and SV49 are related to one another but distinct from viruses in all other picornavirus genera, suggesting that they may comprise a previously unknown genus in Picornaviridae. Several simian virus VP1 sequences (N125 and N203; SV4 and SV28; SV19, SV26, and SV35; SV18 and SV44; SV16, SV42, and SV45) are greater than 75% identical to one another (and/or greater than 85% amino acid identity), suggesting that the true number of distinct serotypes among the viruses surveyed is less than 20.

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RNA Recombination Plays a Major Role in Genomic Change during Circulation of Coxsackie B Viruses

Journal of Virology ◽

10.1128/jvi.78.6.2948-2955.2004 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 78 (6) ◽

pp. 2948-2955 ◽

Cited By ~ 101

Author(s):

M. Steven Oberste ◽

Silvia Peñaranda ◽

Mark A. Pallansch

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Trees ◽

Clinical Isolates ◽

Human Enterovirus ◽

Rna Recombination ◽

Genomic Change ◽

Genome Region ◽

Nontranslated Region ◽

Frequent Event ◽

Coxsackie B Viruses ◽

Coxsackie B

ABSTRACT RNA recombination has been shown to occur during circulation of enteroviruses, but most studies have focused on poliovirus. To examine the role of recombination in the evolution of the coxsackie B viruses (CVB), we determined the partial sequences of four genomic intervals for multiple clinical isolates of each of the six CVB serotypes isolated from 1970 to 1996. The regions sequenced were the 5′-nontranslated region (5′-NTR) (350 nucleotides [nt]), capsid (VP4-VP2, 416 nt, and VP1, ∼320 nt), and polymerase (3D, 491 nt). Phylogenetic trees were constructed for each genome region, using the clinical isolate sequences and those of the prototype strains of all 65 enterovirus serotypes. The partial VP1 sequences of each CVB serotype were monophyletic with respect to serotype, as were the VP4-VP2 sequences, in agreement with previously published studies. In some cases, however, incongruent tree topologies suggested that intraserotypic recombination had occurred between the sequenced portions of VP2 and VP1. Outside the capsid region, however, isolates of the same serotype were not monophyletic, indicating that recombination had occurred between the 5′-NTR and capsid, the capsid and 3D, or both. Almost all clinical isolates were recombinant relative to the prototype strain of the same serotype. All of the recombination partners appear to be members of human enterovirus species B. These results suggest that recombination is a frequent event during enterovirus evolution but that there are genetic restrictions that may influence recombinational compatibility.

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Enterovirus infections

Oxford Textbook of Medicine ◽

10.1093/med/9780199204854.003.070508_update_002 ◽

2010 ◽

pp. 527-536

Author(s):

Philip Minor ◽

Ulrich Desselberger

Keyword(s):

Rna Viruses ◽

Oral Route ◽

Human Enterovirus ◽

Temperate Climate ◽

Sequence Comparisons ◽

Tropical Regions ◽

Positive Sense ◽

Coxsackie B Viruses ◽

Coxsackie B

Enteroviruses are single-stranded, positive sense RNA viruses comprising poliomyelitis viruses (3 types), Coxsackie A viruses (23 types), Coxsackie B viruses (6 types), and echoviruses (33 types). They have recently been reclassified into 4 human enterovirus species (A–D) on the basis of sequence comparisons. Transmission is by the faeco-oral route, with marked seasonal peaks of infection in areas of temperate climate, but infections occurring all year round in tropical regions....

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