scholarly journals The chicken skeletal alpha-actin gene promoter region exhibits partial dyad symmetry and a capacity to drive bidirectional transcription.

1988 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 4587-4597 ◽  
Author(s):  
J M Grichnik ◽  
B A French ◽  
R J Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Initiation ◽  
Promoter Region ◽  
Transcriptional Activity ◽  
Gene Promoter ◽  
Actin Gene ◽  
High Level ◽  
Alpha Actin ◽  
Dyad Symmetry ◽  
Gene Promoter Region

The chicken skeletal alpha-actin gene promoter region (-202 to -12) provides myogenic transcriptional specificity. This promoter contains partial dyad symmetry about an axis at nucleotide -108 and in transfection experiments is capable of directing transcription in a bidirectional manner. At least three different transcription initiation start sites, oriented toward upstream sequences, were mapped 25 to 30 base pairs from TATA-like regions. The opposing transcriptional activity was potentiated upon the deletion of sequences proximal to the alpha-actin transcription start site. Thus, sequences which serve to position RNA polymerase for alpha-actin transcription may allow, in their absence, the selection of alternative and reverse-oriented start sites. Nuclear runoff transcription assays of embryonic muscle indicated that divergent transcription may occur in vivo but with rapid turnover of nuclear transcripts. Divergent transcriptional activity enabled us to define the 3' regulatory boundary of the skeletal alpha-actin promoter which retains a high level of myogenic transcriptional activity. The 3' regulatory border was detected when serial 3' deletions bisected the element (-91 CCAAA TATGG -82) which reduced transcriptional activity by 80%. Previously we showed that disruption of its upstream counterpart (-127 CCAAAGAAGG -136) resulted in about a 90% decrease in activity. These element pairs, which we describe as CCAAT box-associated repeats, are conserved in all sequenced vertebrate sarcomeric actin genes and may act in a cooperative manner to facilitate transcription in myogenic cells.

The chicken skeletal alpha-actin gene promoter region exhibits partial dyad symmetry and a capacity to drive bidirectional transcription

1988 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 4587-4597
Author(s):  
J M Grichnik ◽  
B A French ◽  
R J Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Initiation ◽  
Promoter Region ◽  
Transcriptional Activity ◽  
Gene Promoter ◽  
Actin Gene ◽  
High Level ◽  
Alpha Actin ◽  
Dyad Symmetry ◽  
Gene Promoter Region

The chicken skeletal alpha-actin gene promoter region (-202 to -12) provides myogenic transcriptional specificity. This promoter contains partial dyad symmetry about an axis at nucleotide -108 and in transfection experiments is capable of directing transcription in a bidirectional manner. At least three different transcription initiation start sites, oriented toward upstream sequences, were mapped 25 to 30 base pairs from TATA-like regions. The opposing transcriptional activity was potentiated upon the deletion of sequences proximal to the alpha-actin transcription start site. Thus, sequences which serve to position RNA polymerase for alpha-actin transcription may allow, in their absence, the selection of alternative and reverse-oriented start sites. Nuclear runoff transcription assays of embryonic muscle indicated that divergent transcription may occur in vivo but with rapid turnover of nuclear transcripts. Divergent transcriptional activity enabled us to define the 3' regulatory boundary of the skeletal alpha-actin promoter which retains a high level of myogenic transcriptional activity. The 3' regulatory border was detected when serial 3' deletions bisected the element (-91 CCAAA TATGG -82) which reduced transcriptional activity by 80%. Previously we showed that disruption of its upstream counterpart (-127 CCAAAGAAGG -136) resulted in about a 90% decrease in activity. These element pairs, which we describe as CCAAT box-associated repeats, are conserved in all sequenced vertebrate sarcomeric actin genes and may act in a cooperative manner to facilitate transcription in myogenic cells.

scholarly journals A combination of closely associated positive and negative cis-acting promoter elements regulates transcription of the skeletal alpha-actin gene.

1990 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 528-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
K L Chow ◽  
R J Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptional Activity ◽  
Primary Cultures ◽  
Gene Promoter ◽  
Regulatory Sequence ◽  
Actin Gene ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Cis Acting ◽  
Cell Type Specific Expression ◽  
Alpha Actin

The chicken skeletal alpha-actin gene promoter region provides at least a 75-fold-greater transcriptional activity in muscle cells than in fibroblasts. The cis-acting sequences required for cell type-restricted expression within this 200-base-pair (bp) region were elucidated by chloramphenicol acetyltransferase assays of site-directed Bg/II linker-scanning mutations transiently transfected into primary cultures. Four positive cis-acting elements were identified and are required for efficient transcriptional activity in myogenic cells. These elements, conserved across vertebrate evolution, include the ATAAAA box (-24 bp), paired CCAAT-box-associated repeats (CBARs; at -83 bp and -127 bp), and the upstream T+A-rich regulatory sequence (at -176 bp). Basal transcriptional activity in fibroblasts was not as dependent on the upstream CBAR or regions of the upstream T+A-rich regulatory sequence. Transfection experiments provided evidence that positive regulatory factors required for alpha-actin expression in fibroblasts are limiting. In addition, negative cis-acting elements were detected and found closely associated with the G+C-rich sequences that surround the paired CBARs. Negative elements may have a role in restricting developmentally timed expression in myoblasts and appear to inhibit promoter activity in nonmyogenic cells. Cell type-specific expression of the skeletal alpha-actin gene promoter is regulated by combinatorial and possibly competitive interactions between multiple positive and negative cis-acting elements.

The methylation status of cytosines in a τ gene promoter region alters with age to downregulate transcriptional activity in human cerebral cortex

1999 ◽  
Vol 275 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideo Tohgi ◽  
Kimiaki Utsugisawa ◽  
Yuriko Nagane ◽  
Masahiro Yoshimura ◽  
Miyuki Ukitsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Promoter Region ◽  
Transcriptional Activity ◽  
Methylation Status ◽  
Gene Promoter ◽  
Human Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Gene Promoter Region

scholarly journals Transcriptional Activity of the FUT1 Gene Promoter Region in Pigs

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 24126-24134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Zi ◽  
Zhengchang Wu ◽  
Jing Wang ◽  
Yongjiu Huo ◽  
Guoqiang Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Promoter Region ◽  
Transcriptional Activity ◽  
Gene Promoter ◽  
Gene Promoter Region

A combination of closely associated positive and negative cis-acting promoter elements regulates transcription of the skeletal alpha-actin gene

1990 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 528-538
Author(s):  
K L Chow ◽  
R J Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptional Activity ◽  
Primary Cultures ◽  
Gene Promoter ◽  
Regulatory Sequence ◽  
Actin Gene ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Cis Acting ◽  
Cell Type Specific Expression ◽  
Alpha Actin

The chicken skeletal alpha-actin gene promoter region provides at least a 75-fold-greater transcriptional activity in muscle cells than in fibroblasts. The cis-acting sequences required for cell type-restricted expression within this 200-base-pair (bp) region were elucidated by chloramphenicol acetyltransferase assays of site-directed Bg/II linker-scanning mutations transiently transfected into primary cultures. Four positive cis-acting elements were identified and are required for efficient transcriptional activity in myogenic cells. These elements, conserved across vertebrate evolution, include the ATAAAA box (-24 bp), paired CCAAT-box-associated repeats (CBARs; at -83 bp and -127 bp), and the upstream T+A-rich regulatory sequence (at -176 bp). Basal transcriptional activity in fibroblasts was not as dependent on the upstream CBAR or regions of the upstream T+A-rich regulatory sequence. Transfection experiments provided evidence that positive regulatory factors required for alpha-actin expression in fibroblasts are limiting. In addition, negative cis-acting elements were detected and found closely associated with the G+C-rich sequences that surround the paired CBARs. Negative elements may have a role in restricting developmentally timed expression in myoblasts and appear to inhibit promoter activity in nonmyogenic cells. Cell type-specific expression of the skeletal alpha-actin gene promoter is regulated by combinatorial and possibly competitive interactions between multiple positive and negative cis-acting elements.

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