COMPARISON OF WATER CHEMISTRY ISSUING FROM SPRINGS IN LINED AND UNLINED CHANNELS IN URBAN AREAS, IMPLICATIONS FOR STREAM RESTORATION

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry J. Hibbs ◽  
◽  
Michael Babatunde Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Water Chemistry ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Stream Restoration

Stream Restoration Performance and Its Contribution to the Chesapeake Bay TMDL: Challenges Posed by Climate Change in Urban Areas

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 1227-1246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael R. Williams ◽  
Gopal Bhatt ◽  
Solange Filoso ◽  
Guido Yactayo
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Chesapeake Bay ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Stream Restoration

scholarly journals A Framework for Planning and Evaluating the Role of Urban Stream Restoration for Improving Transportation Resilience to Extreme Rainfall Events

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1620
Author(s):  
Barbara A. Doll ◽  
J. Jack Kurki-Fox ◽  
Daniel E. Line
Keyword(s):  
Extreme Events ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Stream Restoration ◽  
Extreme Rainfall ◽  
Hydraulic Modeling ◽  
Urban Stream ◽  
Extreme Rainfall Events ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Combination Approach

Recent extreme rainfall events produced severe flooding across North Carolina’s Coastal Plain, revealing deep vulnerabilities in many communities. Climate change is expected to exacerbate these problems by further increasing rainfall intensity and the frequency of extreme rainfall events. Due to the risks posed by these changing rainfall patterns, a shift in the approach to infrastructure planning and management is needed for many floodprone communities, particularly in regard to managing streams and floodplains in urban areas. This study proposes a framework for systematically evaluating stream restoration in combination with engineered improvements to culvert and bridge crossings to identify and optimize options for mitigating extreme events in urban areas. To illustrate the methodology, extensive hydraulic modeling was conducted to test four different strategies for reducing flooding along a channelized and armored stream, Big Ditch, located in Goldsboro, North Carolina, USA. The results indicate that neither floodplain restoration nor infrastructure modification alone could alleviate flooding along Big Ditch. Rather, a combination approach would be required to mitigate flooding, which could result in substantial benefits for storms in excess of the 100-year event. The results suggest that shifting to a multi-faceted approach to improve resiliency to extreme events could improve public safety and reduce future damages due to flooding.

Cannabis use in Switzerland: The role of attribution of drug use to friends, urbanization and repression 1The study was supported by the Swiss Federal Office of Public Health (Bundesamt für Gesundheit BAG) Grant 316.96.5980.

2001 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holger Schmid
Keyword(s):  
Drug Use ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Hierarchical Linear Model ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Structural Variables ◽  
Hbsc Study ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Individual Use

Cannabis use does not show homogeneous patterns in a country. In particular, urbanization appears to influence prevalence rates, with higher rates in urban areas. A hierarchical linear model (HLM) was employed to analyze these structural influences on individuals in Switzerland. Data for this analysis were taken from the Switzerland survey of Health Behavior in School-Aged Children (HBSC) Study, the most recent survey to assess drug use in a nationally representative sample of 3473 15-year-olds. A total of 1487 male and 1620 female students indicated their cannabis use and their attributions of drug use to friends. As second level variables we included address density in the 26 Swiss Cantons as an indicator of urbanization and officially recorded offences of cannabis use in the Cantons as an indicator of repressive policy. Attribution of drug use to friends is highly correlated with cannabis use. The correlation is even more pronounced in urban Cantons. However, no association between recorded offences and cannabis use was found. The results suggest that structural variables influence individuals. Living in an urban area effects the attribution of drug use to friends. On the other hand repressive policy does not affect individual use.

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