Creative Collaborative Approaches Work to Maintain, Extend Arts Education in Six U.S. Urban Areas

2008 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Author(s):  
Ani, Nwachuchu Agwu ◽  
Onuoha, Onyekachi Chibueze ◽  
Lawal Hamzat

In Nigeria in the 1950s, a person with a liberal arts education was considered a truly educated person. The liberal arts education was for personal development and deployment in the administrative services and teaching but had little commercial scientific application. Admittedly, this era of generalists is dying, giving way for a new paradigm. The new paradigm is the knowledge economy. Now, to be an effective player in the knowledge economy, an individual needs specialised knowledge and STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) education is the building block. In Northern Nigeria, there is a problem - STEM is still generally seen as courses for the men while the women are encouraged by their parents to pursue careers in the liberal arts when they did not drop out. The resultant effect is a reinforcement of gender inequality and economic disparities which negates the spirit of Sustainable Development Goals. Disturbed by the trend, Connected Development with support from development partners, is using her innovative Follow-The-Money project to pilot grassroots-based advocacy aimed against STEM-inclined stereotypes and out-of-school syndrome - which disproportionately affects the girl child. The campaign methodology involves surveying and profiling dilapidated schools in rural communities and peri-urban areas in Northern Nigeria and conveying findings to political authorities and policymakers for intervention. While political accountability must be extracted from authorities, we engage social/informal institutions to build up interest for girl child education. Follow The Money is challenging stereotypes, social norms and cultural practices impeding the uptake of STEM education and also strengthening informal structures to demand political accountability. Through high-level engagements, results show unprecedented reconstruction and rehabilitation of dilapidated schools and enrolments are soaring. Undoubtedly, the proportion of girls taking up interests in STEM has improved remarkably. Follow-The-Money is now scaling-up across the 36 states in Nigeria.


1996 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 167-174
Author(s):  
J A Cantrill ◽  
B Johannesson ◽  
M Nicholson ◽  
P R Noyce

2001 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holger Schmid

Cannabis use does not show homogeneous patterns in a country. In particular, urbanization appears to influence prevalence rates, with higher rates in urban areas. A hierarchical linear model (HLM) was employed to analyze these structural influences on individuals in Switzerland. Data for this analysis were taken from the Switzerland survey of Health Behavior in School-Aged Children (HBSC) Study, the most recent survey to assess drug use in a nationally representative sample of 3473 15-year-olds. A total of 1487 male and 1620 female students indicated their cannabis use and their attributions of drug use to friends. As second level variables we included address density in the 26 Swiss Cantons as an indicator of urbanization and officially recorded offences of cannabis use in the Cantons as an indicator of repressive policy. Attribution of drug use to friends is highly correlated with cannabis use. The correlation is even more pronounced in urban Cantons. However, no association between recorded offences and cannabis use was found. The results suggest that structural variables influence individuals. Living in an urban area effects the attribution of drug use to friends. On the other hand repressive policy does not affect individual use.


2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 338-343
Author(s):  
Mohammad Didar Khan ◽  
Md. Ibrahim ◽  
Md. Mizanur Rahman Moghal ◽  
Dipti debnath ◽  
Asma Kabir ◽  
...  

Objective: The present epidemiological study was conducted with the objectives of providing an insight into the current use of antidiabetic medications to diabetics and hypertensive diabetics in urban areas and determining how the patient factors influence the prescribing of antidiabetic medications. Methodology: Data of patients of past two years were collected from Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh. The details were entered in the structured patient profile form. Data were statistically analyzed using the Microsoft Excel 2007 software. Result: A total of 958 patient’s data were collected and analyzed of which 632 (65.97 %) were males and 326 (34.03 %) were females. These patients were further categorized based on their age. 330 patients (34.45 %) belonged to the age group 20 – 44 years, 504 (52.61 %) to the age group 45 – 65 years and 124 (12.94 %) to the age group 65 – 80 years. 684 (71.4%) patients out of the 958 patients studied were suffering from coexisting hypertension. Co-existing hypertension was found to be more prevalent in the age group 45 – 65 years (67.69%) and was found more in females (84.04%). Conclusion: Metformin was the oral hypoglycemic which was the highest prescribed. In hypertensive diabetics Metformin and Pioglitazone were most frequently prescribed drugs. Biguanides and Insulin were the most commonly prescribed antidiabetics. A combination of two or more drugs of different classes was prescribed to hypertensive diabetics. It is necessary to have an improved understanding of the etiology and pathophysiology of diabetes to focus on research efforts appropriately.


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