Traveling Alone or Together? Neighborhood Context on Individual and Group Juvenile and Adult Burglary Decisions

Neighborhood characteristics are important considerations when offenders make targeting decisions. Movement patterns among adults and juveniles vary widely, which impacts both the number of crime opportunities and the range of neighborhoods to which an offender is exposed. We test whether offending patterns among adult and juvenile burglars vary based on distances traveled, the types of neighborhoods targeted, and whether suspects acted alone or in a group. Using discrete choice modeling, we draw upon a unique sample of cleared burglaries in a representative city in the south over a 13-year period. Results show that adult burglars consistently travel further and are more sensitive to neighborhood conditions than their juvenile counterparts, but that group participation makes little difference in target decisions.

Uczestnictwo społeczne a pandemia w warunkach rosyjskich. A. D. 2020

Social Participation and the Pandemic in Russian Conditions: A.D. 2020 The aim of this analysis is a diagnosis of grassroots social (individual and group) participation in the conditions of the state in deepening crisis – the state which not for the first time has turned out to be not only unprepared, but also unable and uninterested in undertaking effective actions preventing and mitigating the results of the pandemic. The accompanying question concerns the endurance of the civil society emerging in an authoritarian state the RF undoubtedly is – the society which, having once tasted self-organization and independence, will not be interested in giving up their constitutional civil freedoms or political, cultural and social rights. What invariably remains an important tool used in the analyzed process is the Internet, which still is beyond the control of Russian state structures.

Issues of COVID 19 Screening with Machine Learning Algorithm and Data Sets Availability

There is a need to wear a mask during the coronavirus outbreak to efficiently deter the transmission of COVID-19 virus. In these instances, traditional facial screening technologies obsolete for monitoring of group entry at Airports, shopping malls, railway stations, etc. It is, therefore, vital to boost the efficiency of screening. This paper addresses the machine learning algorithm for contactless face screening systems in group participation, social interaction, school management, mall entry management, and market resumption scenarios in the case of COVID- 19. A method to screen entry with masks are developed using machine learning, which depends on various face specimens that were discussed here. The second fold discussion in this paper is that previously there are not many freely accessible masked face-databases. To this end, various forms of masked face data sets are identified, namely MFDD, Real MFRD, and Simulated MFRD. Such data sets became widely accessible to businesses and academics, based on which specific apps may be built on masked faces. The mathematical model, with the code was given. The availability and issues of the above data sets were discussed for the benefit of researchers.

The Role of in-Person Support Groups in the Management of Urinary Incontinence in Women from a Mixed-Methods, Randomized Pilot Study

Background To assess the feasibility and acceptability of in-person support groups as a potential intervention for female patients with urinary incontinence. Methods Women over the age of 18 seeking treatment for UI were randomized to standard care with support group participation or to standard care alone. All participants completed validated questionnaires at the beginning and conclusion of the study. Questionnaires were analyzed with repeated measures of ANOVA models in an intention-to-treat manner. Three moderated support group sessions were held and audio recorded. Recordings were transcribed and categorized by frequency into themes using grounded theory methodology. Results A total of 10 control and 8 intervention participants agreed to participate. Seven women attended all three support group sessions and were included in the final analysis. Transcripts from support group sessions observed women identified most with (1) urinary incontinence (UI) as a chronic disease, (2) shame managing UI, and (3) social constraints of toileting. Support participants self-reported appreciation of support group participation and desire for on-going sessions. Analysis of the questionnaires did not demonstrate statistically significant differences. Conclusion Data ascertained from questionnaires was unable to demonstrate a meaningful effect in improved treatment outcomes for control and intervention participants. Grounded theory analysis of transcripts identified four primary themes: (1) appreciation of the support group, (2) UI as a gendered issue, (3) lack of public awareness, and (4) history of negative provider interactions. All support group participants self-reported interest in attending future support group sessions.

Systemic Gendering in Facebook Group Participation

Communication is increasingly taking place in Facebook Groups around the world. Yet, we have little scientific knowledge of Facebook Groups at scale, especially the extent to which general systemic gendering is a pattern in participation in such groups. This knowledge deficit is problematic for digitalized and data-driven democratic societies. Therefore, this article aims to investigate gender differences in open, closed, and secret Facebook Groups. The study relies on a unique large-scale Facebook Group dataset from a sample that reflects the gender of Facebook users and the Facebook Groups they belong to in both Denmark and South Korea. By applying Bayesian models and developing a notion of participation that consists of both structural and actual participation, the study finds that the relation between country, gender, and participation is strongly modulated by gender differences. Females are more engaged than males in Denmark, while the opposite is true for South Korea. In both countries, privacy affects females’ participation more than males’. This article contributes to the field by presenting new large-scale findings that explore gender differences on three levels of Facebook Group privacy settings (open, closed, and secret) in a hitherto understudied communication space and, by doing so, it highlights the importance of privacy and country in predicting systemic gendering.

Factors Affecting the Participation of Sugarcane and Tobacco Farmers in Farmer Groups, Associations and Cooperatives in Indonesia

<p>The revitalization of farmer organizations has become the central paradigm in agricultural development. In Indonesia, increasing farmer participation in farmer groups, associations and cooperatives is the strategy to revitalize farmer organizations. This study aimed to determine the factors influencing farmers' participation in farmer groups, associations and cooperatives. This study employed data from the Sugarcane and Tobacco Plantation Farm Household Survey in 2014, consisting of 8,831 (70.73%) sugarcane farmers and 3,645 (29.27%) tobacco farmers. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the factors contributing to farmers' participation in each organization. The results showed that harvest area, access to extension and contract farming positively affect farmers’ participation in organizations. Farmers' age and education positively affect their participation in associations and cooperatives but do not significantly affect their group participation. Land tenure has an ununiform effect on farmer participation in each organization. Tenant farmers are less likely to participate in farmer groups and cooperatives, but they tend to participate in associations. Meanwhile, the owner farmers are less likely to join cooperatives. Government support positively influences farmer group participation, shows a negative effect on participation in associations and has a non-significant effect on participation in cooperatives. Finally, farmers' wealth gives a positive effect on their participation in cooperatives, a negative effect on their participation in associations and a non-significant effect on farmer groups. These results depict that farmer groups are more inclusive than cooperatives and associations.</p>

Participation Profiles of Adult Undergraduate Students in Turkey

In recent years, the profile of the student population in higher education has changed and the number of adult students has begun to increase gradually. Considering this change, the need for a comprehensive examination of adult students having undergraduate education in Turkey has arisen. For this reason, this study has been conducted to determine participation dynamics of adult students who decided to take formal undergraduate education at the age of 25 or older in Turkey. In research, firstly, existing higher education policies and practices for adult students have been investigated. Then, in a research group, participation patterns of adult undergraduate students have been examined. The data used in this study was collected from 472 participants in a study group. Participation characteristics such as the reasons for participation, barriers to participation, program preference reasons of adults were investgated in the context of higher education.