OBLIQUE EXTENSION DURING COLLISIONAL OROGENESIS AND THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE ADIRONDACK MOUNTAINS, SOUTHERN GRENVILLE PROVINCE

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean Regan ◽  
◽  
William H. Peck ◽  
Justin Mistikawy ◽  
Michael L. Williams ◽  
...  
1979 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. 2219-2235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Q. H. J. Gwyn ◽  
A. Dreimanis

Two main source areas of heavy minerals in tills have been defined in the Great Lakes region: a source in the Superior and Southern Provinces and another in the Grenville Province. The Superior–Southern source is typified by low heavy mineral content and high epidote percentage in contrast to the Grenville source which has a high content of heavy minerals of which garnet, tremolite, and to a lesser extent sphene and orthopyroxene are characteristic. The Huron lobe tills have a mineral suite characteristic of the Superior–Southern source. Two subsources can be distinguished in the Superior–Southern area; however, they are too limited in extent to be characteristic of major glacial lobes. Two other subsources have been identified in the Grenville provenance area: a western Grenville subsource containing abundant garnet and having a low purple–red garnet ratio; and an eastern Grenville subsource distinguished by high garnet and tremolite content and a garnet ratio generally greater than one. The western and eastern Grenville subsources are the provenance areas for the tills of the Georgian Bay lobe and the Ontario–Erie lobe respectively. A possible third Grenville subsource in the Adirondack Mountains is distinguished from other Grenville sources by a lower heavy mineral content and more abundant orthopyroxene and magnetic minerals. This assemblage may be characteristic of the southern portion of the Ontario–Erie lobe.


Geosphere ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 1240-1261 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.P. Regan ◽  
G.J. Walsh ◽  
M.L. Williams ◽  
J.R. Chiarenzelli ◽  
M. Toft ◽  
...  

Abstract Extensional deformation in the lower to middle continental crust is increasingly recognized and shown to have significant impact on crustal architecture, magma emplacement, fluid flow, and ore deposits. Application of the concept of extensional strain to ancient orogenic systems, like the Grenville province of eastern North America, has helped decipher the structural evolution of these regions. The Marcy massif is a ∼3000 km2 Mesoproterozoic anorthosite batholith in the Adirondack Mountains (New York, USA) of the southern Grenville province. Bedrock geology mapping at 1:24,000 scale paired with characterization of bedrock exposed by recent landslides provides a glimpse into the structural architecture of the massif and its margin. New data demonstrate granulite- to amphibolite-facies deformational fabrics parallel the margin of the batholith, and that the Marcy massif is draped by a southeast-directed detachment zone. Within the massif, strain is localized into mutually offsetting conjugate shear zones with antithetic kinematic indicators. These relationships indicate that strain was coaxial within the Marcy massif, and that subsimple shear components of strain were partitioned along its margin. In situ U–Th–total Pb monazite analysis shows that deformation around and over the Marcy massif occurred from 1070 to 1060 Ma during granulite-facies metamorphism, and monazite from all samples record evidence for fluid-mediated dissolution reprecipitation from 1050 to 980 Ma. We interpret that rocks cooled isobarically after accretionary orogenesis and emplacement of the anorthosite-mangerite-charnockite-granite plutonic suite at ca. 1160–1140 Ma. Gravitational collapse during the Ottawan phase of the Grenville orogeny initiated along a southeast-directed detachment zone (Marcy massif detachment zone), which accommodated intrusion of the Lyon Mountain Granite Gneiss, and facilitated substantial fluid flow that catalyzed the formation of major ore deposits in the Adirondack Highlands.


1999 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 967-984 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hardolph Wasteneys ◽  
James McLelland ◽  
Sydney Lumbers

New high-precision, single-grain dating of leucogranites from the Adirondack Lowlands, dated previously by multigrain zircon methods at ca. 1416 Ma (Wellesley Island) and ca. 1285-1230 Ma (Hyde School Gneiss), has yielded U-Pb zircon ages of ca. 1172 Ma, identical to that of Rockport granite of the Frontenac terrane. In addition, sensitive high resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP) zircon dating of the intrusive Antwerp-Rossie suite in the Adirondack Lowlands indicates a maximum emplacement age of ca. 1207+26-11 Ma which fixes a minimum age for deposition of regional metasedimentary rocks that it crosscuts. These results remove apparent chronological discrepancies across the St. Lawrence River, thus expanding the significance of the Rockport granite and Hyde School Gneiss and requiring modification of plate-tectonic models for the Central Metasedimentary Belt and Adirondack Mountains in the interval ca. 1350-1125 Ma.


1993 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 465-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Anne Sager-Kinsman ◽  
R. R. Parrish

The Central Metasedimentary Belt (CMB) of the Grenville Province contains metasedimentary sequences belonging to a number of distinct tectono-stratigraphic terranes whose depositional ages are poorly known. This study provides information on not only the provenance, but also the maximum age of clastic rocks in two of these terranes, the Elzevir Terrane on the northwest and the Frontenac Terrane to its southeast, adjacent to the Adirondack Mountains of New York.The Flinton Group, a component of the Elzevir Terrane, is a distinctive, mostly clastic, sedimentary sequence that unconformably overlies igneous and metavolcanic rocks of the main part of Elzevir Terrane of the CMB. Analyzed zircons from quartzose metasediments of the Flinton Group are 0–2% discordant and range in age from 1150 to 1335 Ma, with older rounded grains at 1461 ± 5 and 1877 ± 3 Ma. The quartzite was therefore deposited after ca. 1150 Ma, indicating that the Flinton Group is more than 100 Ma younger than the intrusion of the underlying Elzevir batholith. We speculate that 1150–1180 Ma zircons within the Flinton Group were derived from plutons in the Frontenac Terrane to the southeast, implying that the Elzevir and Frontenac terranes were contiguous during Flinton Group deposition. Subsequent metamorphism of the Flinton Group occured between 1150 and 1080 Ma.The high-grade Frontenac Terrane of the CMB lies southeast of Elzevir Terrane, and contains marble associated with pelitic gneiss and quartzite, as well as granitic intrusive rocks; it resembles a metamorphosed continental margin sedimentary sequence. U–Pb analyses of zircons from quartzites from two different localities are generally less than 5% discordant, but show stronger evidence for Grenvillian Pb loss than zircons from the Flinton Group. 207Pb/206Pb ages range from 1493 to 2580 Ma, with one analysis (2% discordant) at 1306 ± 16 Ma, another at 3185 ± 3 Ma, and a cluster of ages between 1745 and 1892 Ma. Detrital zircon ages are, for the most part, distinctly older than in the Flinton Group. The age of this quartzite sequence is tentatively regarded as less than ca. 1300 Ma (based on one grain), but is certainly less than 1500 Ma. It could therefore have been deposited during the same time interval as the 1.2–1.3 Ga metasedimentary and metavolcanic rocks of the Elzevir Terrane. Although Frontenac Terrane experienced metamorphism along with Elzevir Terrane around 1.1 Ga, the principle metamorphic culmination in the Frontenac occurred prior to 1170 Ma.


2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 318 ◽  
Author(s):  
James M. McLelland ◽  
Bruce W. Selleck ◽  
Marion E. Bickford

Recent investigations in geochronology and tectonics provide important new insights into the evolution of the Grenville Orogen in North America. Here, we summarize results of this research in the USA and focus upon ca. 1.4–0.98 Ga occurrences extending from the Adirondack Mountains to the southern Appalachians and Texas. Recent geochronology (mainly by U/Pb SHRIMP) establishes that these widely separated regions experienced similar tectonomagmatic events, i.e., the Elzevirian (ca. 1.25–1.22 Ga), Shawinigan (ca. 1.2–1.14 Ga), and Grenvillian (ca. 1.09–0.98 Ga) orogenies and associated plate interactions. Notwithstanding these commonalities, Nd model ages and Pb isotopic mapping has revealed important differences that are best explained by the existence of contrasting compositions of deep crustal reservoirs beneath the Adirondacks and the southern Appalachians. The isotopic compositions for the Adirondacks lie on the same Pb–Pb array as those for the Grenville Province, the Granite-Rhyolite Province and the Grenvillian inliers of Texas suggesting that they all developed on Laurentian crust. On the other hand, data from the southern Appalachians are similar to those of the Sunsas Terrane in Brazil and suggest that Amazonian crust with these Pb–Pb characteristics was thrust onto eastern Laurentia during its Grenvillian collision with Amazonia and subsequently transferred to the latter during the late Neoproterozoic breakup of the supercontinent, Rodinia, and the formation of the Iapetus Ocean. The ca. 1.3–1.0 Ga Grenville Orogen is also exposed in the Llano Uplift of Texas and in small inliers in west Texas and northeast Mexico. The Llano Uplift contains evidence for a major collision with a southern continent at ca. 1.15–1.12 Ga (Kalahari Craton?), magmatic arcs, and back-arc and foreland basins, all of which are reviewed.     The Grenvillian Orogeny is considered to be the culminating tectonic event that terminated approximately 500 m.y. of continental margin growth along southeastern Laurentia by accretion, continental margin arc magmatism, and metamorphism. Accordingly, we briefly review the tectonic and magmatic histories of these Paleoproterozoic and Mesoproterozoic pre-Grenvillian orogens, i.e., Penokean, Yavapai, and Mazatzal as well as the Granite-Rhyolite Province and discuss their ~5000 km transcontinental span.SOMMAIREDes recherches récentes en géochronologie et en tectonique révèlent d’importants faits nouveaux sur l’évolution de l’orogénie de Grenville en Amérique du Nord.  Nous présentons ici un sommaire des résultats de cet effort de recherche aux USA en mettant l’accent sur les indices datés entre env. 1,4 et 0,98 Ga, à partir des monts Adirondack jusqu’au sud des Appalaches et au Texas.  Des données géochronologiques récentes (par microsonde SHRIMP principalement) indiquent que les roches de ces régions très éloignées les unes des autres ont subies l’effet d’épisodes tectonomagmatiques similaires, par exemple, aux orogenèses de l’Elzévirien (env. 1.25–1.22 Ga), de Shawinigan (env. 1.2–1.14 Ga), et du Grenvillien (env. 1.09–0.98 Ga), ainsi que des interactions des plaques associées.  Malgré ces points communs, la chronologie Nd et la cartographie isotopique Pb a révélé des différences importantes qui s’expliquent plus aisément par des compositions contrastées des réservoirs profonds de croûte sous les Adirondacks et le sud des Appalaches.  Les compositions isotopiques des Adirondacks sont de la même gamme Pb-Pb que ceux de la Province de Grenville, de la Province Granite-rhyolite et des boutonnières grenvilliennes du Texas, suggérant qu'ils se sont tous développées sur la croûte des Laurentides.  Par ailleurs, les données des Appalaches du sud sont semblables à celles du terrane de Sunsas au Brésil, ce qui incite à penser que la croûte amazonienne, avec de telles caractéristiques Pb-Pb, a été poussée sur la portion est de Laurentia lors de sa collision grenvillienne avec l’Amazonie puis laissée à cette dernière au cours de la rupture du supercontinent Rodinia vers la fin du Néoprotérozoïque, avec la formation de l'océan Iapetus.  L’orogène de Grenville (1,3 à 1,0 Ga env.) est également exposé dans le soulèvement de Llano au Texas et dans de petites boutonnières dans l'ouest du Texas et le nord du Mexique.  Le soulèvement de Llano montre des indices d'une collision majeure avec un continent au sud, entre env. 1,15 et 1,12 Ga (craton de Kalahari?), des zones d’arcs magmatiques, d'arrière-arc et de bassin d'avant-pays, chacun étant présenté ci-dessous.    L'orogenèse de Grenville est considéré comme l'événement tectonique culminant qui marqué la fin d’une période d’environ 500 ma d’accroissement de la marge continentale le long de la bordure sud-est de la Laurentie, par accrétion, magmatisme d’arc de marge continentale, et métamorphisme.  C’est pourquoi, nous passons brièvement en revue l'histoire tectonique et magmatique de ces orogènes pré-grenvilliennes paléoprotérozoïques et mésoprotérozoïques, pénokéenne, de Yavapai, et de Mazatzal ainsi que la Province de Granite-rhyolite, et discutons de son étendue sur env. 5 000 km. 


2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jackson Reeder ◽  
◽  
Ellen P. Metzger ◽  
M.E. Bickford ◽  
Mary L. Leech
Keyword(s):  

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