Minimal embeddings of topological spaces into the real line

2008 ◽  
Vol 263 (S2) ◽  
pp. 172-180
Author(s):  
M. A. Patrakeev
2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 1705-1754 ◽  
Author(s):  
LUCA MOTTO ROS ◽  
PHILIPP SCHLICHT ◽  
VICTOR SELIVANOV

The structure of the Wadge degrees on zero-dimensional spaces is very simple (almost well ordered), but for many other natural nonzero-dimensional spaces (including the space of reals) this structure is much more complicated. We consider weaker notions of reducibility, including the so-called Δ0α-reductions, and try to find for various natural topological spaces X the least ordinal αX such that for every αX ⩽ β < ω1 the degree-structure induced on X by the Δ0β-reductions is simple (i.e. similar to the Wadge hierarchy on the Baire space). We show that αX ⩽ ω for every quasi-Polish space X, that αX ⩽ 3 for quasi-Polish spaces of dimension ≠ ∞, and that this last bound is in fact optimal for many (quasi-)Polish spaces, including the real line and its powers.


1966 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 616-620 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth D. Magill

It is assumed that all topological spaces discussed in this paper are Hausdorff. By a compactification αX of a space X we mean a compact space containing X as a dense subspace. If, for some positive integer n, αX — X consists of n points, we refer to αX as an n-point compactification of X, in which case we use the notation αn X. If αX — X is countable, we refer to αX as a countable compactification of X. In this paper, the statement that a set is countable means that its elements are in one-to-one correspondence with the natural numbers. In particular, finite sets are not regarded as being countable. Those spaces with n-point compactifications were characterized in (3). From the results obtained there it followed that the only n-point compactifications of the real line are the well-known 1- and 2-point compactifications and the only n-point compactification of the Euclidean N-space, EN (N > 1), is the 1-point compactification.


Author(s):  
R. R. Ashurov ◽  
W. N. Everitt

The theory of ordinary linear quasi-differential expressions and operators has been extensively developed in integrable-square Hilbert spaces. There is also an extensive theory of ordinary linear differential expressions and operators in integrable-p Banach spaces.However, the basic definition of linear quasi-differential expressions involves Lebesgue locally integrable spaces on intervals of the real line. Such spaces are not Banach spaces but can be considered as complete locally convex linear topological spaces where the topology is derived from a countable family of semi-norms. The first conjugate space can also be defined as a complete locally convex linear topological space, but now with the topology derived as a strict inductive limit.This paper develops the properties of linear quasi-differential operators in a locally integrable space and the first conjugate space. Conjugate and preconjugate operators are defined in, respectively, dense and total domains.


2019 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-158
Author(s):  
Jaroslav Šupina ◽  
Dávid Uhrik

Abstract We discuss several questions about Borel measurable functions on a topological space. We show that two Lindenbaum composition theorems [Lindenbaum, A. Sur les superpositions des fonctions représentables analytiquement, Fund. Math. 23 (1934), 15–37] proved for the real line hold in perfectly normal topological space as well. As an application, we extend a characterization of a certain class of topological spaces with hereditary Jayne-Rogers property for perfectly normal topological space. Finally, we pose an interesting question about lower and upper Δ02-measurable functions.


2000 ◽  
Vol 102 (5) ◽  
pp. 4508-4522 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. L. Semenova ◽  
A. A. Florinskii

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 108
Author(s):  
Tursun K. Yuldashev ◽  
Farhod G. Mukhamadiev

In this paper, the local density \((l d)\) and the local weak density \((l w d)\) in the space of permutation degree as well as the cardinal and topological properties of Hattori spaces are studied. In other words, we study the properties of the functor of permutation degree \(S P^{n}\) and the subfunctor of permutation degree \(S P_{G}^{n}\),  \(P\) is the cardinal number of topological spaces. Let \(X\) be an infinite \(T_{1}\)-space. We prove that the following propositions hold.(1) Let \(Y^{n} \subset X^{n}\); (A) if \(d\, \left(Y^{n} \right)=d\, \left(X^{n} \right)\), then \(d\, \left(S P^{n} Y\right)=d\, \left(SP^{n} X\right)\); (B) if \(l w d\, \left(Y^{n} \right)=l w d\, \left(X^{n} \right)\), then \(l w d\, \left(S P^{n} Y\right)=l w d\, \left(S P^{n} X\right)\). (2) Let \(Y\subset X\); (A) if \(l d \,(Y)=l d \,(X)\), then \(l d\, \left(S P^{n} Y\right)=l d\, \left(S P^{n} X\right)\); (B) if \(w d \,(Y)=w d \,(X)\), then \(w d\, \left(S P^{n} Y\right)=w d\, \left(S P^{n} X\right)\).(3) Let \(n\) be a positive integer, and let \(G\) be a subgroup of the permutation group \(S_{n}\). If \(X\) is a locally compact \(T_{1}\)-space, then \(S P^{n} X, \, S P_{G}^{n} X\), and \(\exp _{n} X\) are \(k\)-spaces.(4) Let \(n\) be a positive integer, and let \(G\) be a subgroup of the permutation group \(S_{n}\). If \(X\) is an infinite \(T_{1}\)-space, then \(n \,\pi \,w \left(X\right)=n \, \pi \,w \left(S P^{n} X \right)=n \,\pi \,w \left(S P_{G}^{n} X \right)=n \,\pi \,w \left(\exp _{n} X \right)\).We also have studied that the functors \(SP^{n},\) \(SP_{G}^{n} ,\) and \(\exp _{n} \) preserve any \(k\)-space. The functors \(SP^{2}\) and \(SP_{G}^{3}\) do not preserve Hattori spaces on the real line. Besides, it is proved that the density of an infinite \(T_{1}\)-space \(X\) coincides with the densities of the spaces \(X^{n}\), \(\,S P^{n} X\), and \(\exp _{n} X\). It is also shown that the weak density of an infinite \(T_{1}\)-space \(X\) coincides with the weak densities of the spaces \(X^{n}\), \(\,S P^{n} X\), and \(\exp _{n} X\).


2016 ◽  
pp. 3973-3982
Author(s):  
V. R. Lakshmi Gorty

The fractional integrals of Bessel-type Fractional Integrals from left-sided and right-sided integrals of fractional order is established on finite and infinite interval of the real-line, half axis and real axis. The Bessel-type fractional derivatives are also established. The properties of Fractional derivatives and integrals are studied. The fractional derivatives of Bessel-type of fractional order on finite of the real-line are studied by graphical representation. Results are direct output of the computer algebra system coded from MATLAB R2011b.


2000 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 237
Author(s):  
Duszyński
Keyword(s):  

1982 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomson
Keyword(s):  

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document