Small Target Detection Algorithm Based on Transfer Learning and Deep Separable Network

With the development of deep learning, target detection from vision sensor has achieved high accuracy and efficiency. However, small target detection remains a challenge due to inadequate use of semantic information and detailed texture information of underlying features. To solve the above problems, this paper proposes a small target detection algorithm based on Mask R-CNN model which integrates transfer learning and deep separable network. Firstly, the feature pyramid fusion structure is introduced to enhance the learning effect of low-level and high-level features, especially to strengthen the information channel of low-level feature and meanwhile optimize the feature information of small target. Secondly, the ELU function is used as the activation function to solve the problem that the original activation function disappears in the negative half axis gradient. Finally, a new loss function F-Softmax combined with Focal Loss was adopted to solve the imbalance of positive and negative sample proportions. In this paper, self-made data set is used to carry out experiments, and the experimental results show that the proposed algorithm makes the detection accuracy of small targets reach 66.5%.

Learning Rotated Inscribed Ellipse for Oriented Object Detection in Remote Sensing Images

Oriented object detection in remote sensing images (RSIs) is a significant yet challenging Earth Vision task, as the objects in RSIs usually emerge with complicated backgrounds, arbitrary orientations, multi-scale distributions, and dramatic aspect ratio variations. Existing oriented object detectors are mostly inherited from the anchor-based paradigm. However, the prominent performance of high-precision and real-time detection with anchor-based detectors is overshadowed by the design limitations of tediously rotated anchors. By using the simplicity and efficiency of keypoint-based detection, in this work, we extend a keypoint-based detector to the task of oriented object detection in RSIs. Specifically, we first simplify the oriented bounding box (OBB) as a center-based rotated inscribed ellipse (RIE), and then employ six parameters to represent the RIE inside each OBB: the center point position of the RIE, the offsets of the long half axis, the length of the short half axis, and an orientation label. In addition, to resolve the influence of complex backgrounds and large-scale variations, a high-resolution gated aggregation network (HRGANet) is designed to identify the targets of interest from complex backgrounds and fuse multi-scale features by using a gated aggregation model (GAM). Furthermore, by analyzing the influence of eccentricity on orientation error, eccentricity-wise orientation loss (ewoLoss) is proposed to assign the penalties on the orientation loss based on the eccentricity of the RIE, which effectively improves the accuracy of the detection of oriented objects with a large aspect ratio. Extensive experimental results on the DOTA and HRSC2016 datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Dynamics of X-Ray Indicators in Patients with Destructive Forms of Apical Periodontitis in Long-Term Treatment

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed treatment based on changes in radiological parameters in patients with destructive forms of apical periodontitis in the long term. Materials and methods. During the study, 185 patients with destructive forms of apical periodontitis were examined and treated. They were divided into 4 groups. Measurements of the size of the lesion in the bone tissue (for lesions of round shape) were performed by the formula: S = πr2; for lesions of elliptical shape: S = π ab, where π = 3.14; r – the radius of the circle; a – the value of the major half-axis of the ellipse; b – the length of the small half-axis of the ellipse. Results and discussion. When evaluating X-rays pictures in the treating group IV, where ("Platelet-Rich Plasma + mp3 OsteoBiol") was used for root canal obturation, after 6 months of observation, in 19 people (40.43%) foci of destruction of the bone tissue of the apical area of 1.5 mm2 and less were visualized. It was characteristic of this group of persons that there was a decrease in their number of bone tissue destruction area in sizes: 1.6 - 20 mm2 – by 1.7 times; 21 - 30 mm2 – by 2.0 times; 31 - 40 mm2 – by 2.5 times; 41 - 51 and more mm2 – by 1.3 times. It should be noted that this trend convincingly demonstrates a significant reduction in bone tissue of the periapical area in patients of group IV, and indicates in favor of the adequacy of the applied therapy using our proposed osteotropic composition. X-ray evaluation of the results of treatment of patients of group IV, in whom for the treatment of destructive forms of apical periodontitis our proposed composition ("Platelet-Rich Plasma + mp3 OsteoBiol") was used, after 12 months of research showed that in 29 patients (61.70%) foci of destruction of the apical area were not visualized; in 14 people (29.79%) the foci of osteoporosis bone tissue in the apical area were 1.5 mm2 or less. At the same time, no lesions ranging in size from 1.6 mm2 to 30 mm2 were identified in the treated group IV. At the same time, we determined a decrease in the number of treated with lesion areas: 31 - 40 mm2 – by 2.0 times; 41 - 50 mm2 – by 3.0 times and 51 mm2 and more – by 1.5 times. After 12 months of follow-up in patients of group IV, Rtg score of bone destruction was 4.27±0.61 points, which was probably higher than in patients of I, II, p, p1 <0,01, and III study groups, p2 <0.05. It was noted that at the areas of destruction of cell tissue of the periapical area from 1.6 mm2 to 30 mm2, Rtg score with a value of 5.0±0.71 points, indicated a complete restoration of bone structure; from 31 mm2 to 50 mm2 – for the reduction of the periapical process more than 1/2 and for the area of 51 mm2 and more – for the reduction of the periapical process from 1/3 to 1/2

RESULTS OF X-RAY AND DENSITOMETRIC INVESTIGATION IN PATIENTS WITH DESTRUCTIVE FORMS OF APICAL PERIODONTITIS IN EARLY FOLLOW UP PERIOD

This article presents a comparative analysis of the effectiveness of various treatment approaches, including bone mixture “mp3, Osteobiol, and platelet-enriched plasma, in the therapy of destructive forms of apical periodontitis in the early follow-up. The aim of this work is to investigate the dynamic changes in radiological and densitometric parameters depending on the treatment methods for patients with destructive forms of apical periodontitis in the early follow up period. The study involved 185 patients with destructive forms of apical periodontitis, who were examined and receive the treatment. The subjects were divided into 4 groups. Measurements of the size of the lesion in the bone tissue (for lesions of round shape) were performed by the formula: S = πr2. The area of lesions of elliptical shape was measured by the formula S = π ab, where π = 3.14; r = the radius of the circle; a = the value of the major half-axis of the ellipse; b = the length of the small half-axis of the ellipse. After 3 months of the follow up, the patients of group IV, who received the composition of platelet-rich plasma and osteoplastic material mp3 OsteoBiol, demonstrated an increase in the number of the lesions of the periapical zone sized 1.6-10 mm2 in 1.7 times, while the number of the subjects with foci of bone destruction sized 11–20 mm2 and 21–30 mm2 lowered in 2.8 times and 2.0 times, respectively. In 3 months of the follow up period, the patients of group IV showed the values of Rtg scoring of bone tissues destruction in the apical area with a lesion area of 1.6-20 mm that averaged 2.13±0.10 scores and indicated a reduction of the periapical process by 1/3. The average Rtg score in the patients of group IV (0.92 ± 0.10 points) was significantly higher than in the individuals in groups I and II, p, p 1 <0.01, and was equal to the findings obtained in the individuals of the group III, p2 > 0.05. The relative indicator of bone tissue repair in this follow up was characterized by the minimum values in the individuals of groups I and II: 0.49 ± 0.05 and 0.57 ± 0.06, p <0.05, respectively. In the groups III and IV, the value of the relative indicators of bone tissue repair were significantly higher and scored 4.82 ± 0.54, p, p1 <0.01, and 6.94 ± 0.77, p, p1 <0.01, p2 < 0.05, respectively. At the same time, the average Rtg scoring in patients of group IV was significantly higher than in the participants of groups I and II, and was identical to the values in the subjects of group III. This study has demonstrated the successful outcomes of the treatment of dystrophic forms of apical periodontitis in the early follow up period when applying the composition based on platelet-rich plasma and osteoplastic material "mp3 OsteoBiol".

Local attractivity for integro-differential equations with noncompact semigroups

In this paper, we are devoted to study the existence and local attractivity of solutions for a class of integro-differential equations.Under the situation that the nonlinear term satisfy Carathéodory conditions and a noncompactness measure condition, we establish some existence and local attractivity of mild solutions by utilizing Mönch fixed point theorem, Kuratowski measure of noncompactness and resolvent operator theory in the sense of Grimmer.Our investigations will be situated in the Banach space of real functions which are defined, continuous, and bounded on the right-hand real half axis 𝕉+. Moreover an example is given to illustrate our outcomes.

The meromorphic functions of completely regular growth on the upper half-plane

A strictly positive continuous unbounded increasing function $\gamma(r)$ on the half-axis $[0,+\infty)$ is called growth function. Let the growth function $\gamma(r)$ satisfies the condition $\gamma(2r)\leq M\gamma(r)$ for some $M>0$ and for all $r>0$. In the paper, the class $JM(\gamma(r))^o$ of meromorphic functions of completely regular growth on the upper half-plane with respect to the growth function $\gamma$ is considered. The criterion for the meromorphic function $f$ to belong to the space $JM(\gamma(r))^o$ is obtained. The definition of the indicator of function from the space $JM(\gamma(r))^o$ is introduced. It is proved that the indicator belongs to the space $\mathbf{L}^p[0,\pi]$ for all $p>1$.