Depth of the maximum of extensive air showers and mass composition of primary cosmic radiation at an energy of 4 × 1017 eV according to data on radioemission from extensive air showers

2009 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 250-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. V. Vedeneev
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Radiation ◽  
Extensive Air Showers ◽  
Mass Composition ◽  
Air Showers ◽  
Primary Cosmic Radiation

scholarly journals Exotic model of the cosmic ray spectrum

2019 ◽  
Vol 208 ◽  
pp. 02004
Author(s):  
Sergey Shaulov
Keyword(s):  
Fine Structure ◽  
Cosmic Radiation ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Tien Shan ◽  
Mass Composition ◽  
Air Showers ◽  
Emulsion Chamber ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Hadron Spectra ◽  
Primary Cosmic Radiation

A detailed study of the cores of extensive air showers (EAS) at mountain level (Tien-Shan 690 g/cm2) was carried out in the hybrid experiment HADRON. An analysis of the fine structure of the EAS spectrum in the energy region1015 - 1017 (knee) showed that there are two breaks in the spectrum. Along with the previously known break at an energy of 3 · 1015 eV, a change in the slope of the EAS spectrum is observed at an energy slightly below 1017 eV. In addition the use of a large X-ray emulsion chamber (XREC) as a detector of EAS cores allowed us to obtain several new results. An abnormal scaling violation in hadron spectra for Ne ~ 107 (E0 ~ 1016 eV) means the existence of a penetrating component of non-nuclear origin. The conclusion about the non-nuclear origin of the penetrating component in the primary radiation of CR is confirmed by the data about the excess of muons in the EAS containing hadrons of maximum energies. It is assumed that the mass composition of primary cosmic radiation varies sharply at energies of 1015 - 1016 eV, where quasi-nuclei (strangelets) appear instead of nuclei. A new model of the mass composition of cosmic rays in the region of ultrahigh energies is proposed on this basis .

Particles of primary cosmic radiation generating extensive air showers of energy above 1020 eV in the atmosphere

2010 ◽  
Vol 73 (12) ◽  
pp. 2125-2132 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. G. Dedenko ◽  
A. V. Glushkov ◽  
S. P. Knurenko ◽  
I. T. Makarov ◽  
M. I. Pravdin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Radiation ◽  
Extensive Air Showers ◽  
Air Showers ◽  
Primary Cosmic Radiation

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF PRIMARY COSMIC RADIATION MASS COMPOSITION ON THE ESTIMATION OF EAS ENERGY

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (29) ◽  
pp. 6897-6899 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. P. KNURENKO ◽  
A. A. IVANOV ◽  
V. A. KOLOSOV ◽  
Z. E. PETROV ◽  
I. YE. SLEPTSOV ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Radiation ◽  
Cherenkov Radiation ◽  
Charged Particles ◽  
Mass Composition ◽  
Mixed Composition ◽  
Radiation Data ◽  
Primary Particles ◽  
Primary Cosmic Radiation ◽  
Electron Photon ◽  
Photon Component

Fraction of energy, E em /E0, transferred to the electron-photon component of EAS at E0 = 1015 ± 1019 eV was estimated by using the Cherenkov radiation data and the data on charged particles obtained at the Yakutsk EAS array. The results are compared with predictions of different models for energy dissipation into the EAS electron-photon component and with calculations performed with different primary nuclei content. In the energy ranges 1015 ± 1016 eV and 1018 ± 1019 eV , the ratio E em /E0 is equal to (77 ± 2)% and (88 ± 2)%, respectively, that does not contradict to a mixed composition of primary particles in the first energy interval and purely proton composition in the second one.

scholarly journals Determination of the invisible energy of extensive air showers from the data collected at Pierre Auger Observatory

2019 ◽  
Vol 210 ◽  
pp. 02010
Author(s):  
Analisa G. Mariazzi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
High Energy ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Energy Scale ◽  
Extensive Air Showers ◽  
Pierre Auger Observatory ◽  
Mass Composition ◽  
Air Showers ◽  
Systematic Uncertainties ◽  
Muon Production ◽  
The Invisible

In order to get the primary energy of cosmic rays from their extensive air showers using the fluorescence detection technique, the invisible energy should be added to the measured calorimetric energy. The invisible energy is the energy carried away by particles that do not deposit all their energy in the atmosphere. It has traditionally been calculated using Monte Carlo simulations that are dependent on the assumed primary particle mass and on model predictions for neutrino and muon production. In this work the invisible energy is obtained directly from events detected by the Pierre Auger Observatory. The method applied is based on the correlation of the measurements of the muon number at the ground with the invisible energy of the showers. By using it, the systematic uncertainties related to the unknown mass composition and to the high energy hadronic interaction models are significantly reduced, improving in this way the estimation of the energy scale of the Observatory.

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