Diffuse encephalitic toxoplasmosis in HIV

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. e237456
Author(s):  
Jasmine Pearce ◽  
Ray Sheridan ◽  
Johnathan Shaw ◽  
Thomas Senior
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Positive Patient ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Cerebral Toxoplasmosis ◽  
Mri Imaging ◽  
White Matter Changes ◽  
Diffuse White Matter ◽  
Laboratory Results

This case demonstrates an atypical radiological presentation of cerebral toxoplasmosis in a 62-year-old HIV-positive patient. The diagnosis is discussed alongside MRI imaging, laboratory results and treatment. Central nervous system toxoplasmosis is typically associated with ring enhancing lesions on neuroimaging with contrast, but the radiology for this patient shows diffuse white matter changes and ependymal enhancement, which would normally suggest an alternative diagnosis.

Linfoistiocitosi eritrofagocitica

2003 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Caranci ◽  
A. D'Amico ◽  
F. Briganti ◽  
R. Migliorati ◽  
C. De Fusco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
White Matter ◽  
White Matter Abnormalities ◽  
Diffuse White Matter ◽  
Multisystem Involvement ◽  
Identification And Characterization

Erithrophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis is a rare disease characterized by exaggerated histiocytic proliferation and activation12 and multisystem involvement including visceral organs, lymph nodes, bone marrow and central nervous system4. Magnetic Resonance (MR) examination was performed in 10 patients with previously diagnosed Erithrophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. This study was aimed at assessing MR accuracy in the identification and characterization of central nervous system lesions. MR findings show a good correlation with areas of parenchymal and meningeal lymphohistiocytic infiltration5, demonstrating diffuse white matter abnormalities in the early stages and necrotic areas with parenchymal volume loss as terminal findings4. In addition, MR allows the follow-up after chemotherapy and bone marrow transplantation2,3. Although rare, EL should be differentiated from other pediatric patchy white matter abnormalities5.

Extensive Neurocysticercosis with Diffuse Leukoencephalopathy

Neurographics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-34
Author(s):  
F.B. Gala ◽  
S. Kulkarni ◽  
A. Bharati ◽  
M. Bodhanwala
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Cerebral Hemispheres ◽  
Diffuse White Matter

In Central nervous system (CNS), neurocysticercosis (NCC) is the most common parasitic infection that affects the CNS. Cysticidal drugs are used for its treatment, and they can precipitate an inflammatory response, which results in worsening of symptoms. We report 2 cases of extensive neurocysticercosis that show diffuse white matter edema that involves both cerebral hemispheres. Of the 2 patients, one showed disseminated cysticercosis that involved the tongue, scalp muscles, and skeletal muscles of the extremities.

Recurrent central nervous system white matter changes in charcot-Marie-Tooth type X disease

2014 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 451-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer L. Mckinney ◽  
Emily C. De Los Reyes ◽  
Warren D. Lo ◽  
Kevin M. Flanigan
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
White Matter ◽  
White Matter Changes ◽  
Charcot Marie Tooth ◽  
Tooth Type

Toluene abuse causes diffuse central nervous system white matter changes

1988 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 611-614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil L. Rosenberg ◽  
B. K. Kleinschmidt-DeMasters ◽  
Kathleen A. Davis ◽  
James N. Dreisbach ◽  
Joseph T. Hormes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
White Matter ◽  
White Matter Changes

Central Nervous System Malformations and White Matter Changes in Pseudo-Neonatal Adrenoleukodystrophy*

1990 ◽  
Vol 21 (04) ◽  
pp. 199-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kyllerman ◽  
S. Blomstrand ◽  
J. Månsson ◽  
N. Conradi ◽  
T. Hindmarsh
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
White Matter ◽  
White Matter Changes ◽  
Neonatal Adrenoleukodystrophy

scholarly journals Diabetes insipidus and hypopituitarism in HIV: an unexpected cause

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Tavares Bello ◽  
Francisco Sousa Santos ◽  
João Sequeira Duarte ◽  
Carlos Vasconcelos
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Diabetes Insipidus ◽  
Clinical Entity ◽  
Central Diabetes Insipidus ◽  
Positive Patient ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Cns Lymphoma ◽  
List Type ◽  
Cns Lymphomas

Summary Central diabetes insipidus (DI) is a rare clinical entity characterized by low circulating levels of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) presenting with polyuria and volume depletion. Pituitary surgery is the most common cause of central DI in adults. Pituitary and hypothalamic disease, particularly invasive neoplasms, rarely cause DI, being idiopathic cases responsible for the majority of non-surgical cases. HIV patients, especially those with poor virulogical control, are prone to the development of CNS neoplasms, particularly lymphomas. These neoplasms usually become manifest with mass effects and seizures. Central DI and hypopituitarism are uncommon initial manifestations of primary CNS lymphomas. The authors describe the case of 29-year-old female, HIV-positive patient whose CNS lymphoma presented with DI. Learning points: Central diabetes insipidus has multiple causes and central nervous system lymphomas are not often considered in the differential diagnosis due to their low prevalence. Accurate biochemical diagnosis should always be followed by etiological investigation. The HIV population is at risk for many neoplasms, especially CNS lymphomas. New-onset polyuria in an HIV-positive patient in the absence of focal neurological signs should raise the suspicion for a central nervous system process of neoplastic nature. This clinical entity usually constitutes a therapeutical challenge, often requiring a multidisciplinary approach for optimal outcome.

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