scholarly journals Intraocular pressure and circumpapillary retinal nerve fibre layer thickness in the Northern Ireland Cohort for the Longitudinal Study of Ageing (NICOLA): distributions and associations

2020 ◽  
pp. bjophthalmol-2020-316499
Author(s):  
Paul McCann ◽  
Ruth Hogg ◽  
David M Wright ◽  
Usha Chakravarthy ◽  
Tunde Peto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Refractive Error ◽  
Retinal Nerve Fibre Layer ◽  
Spherical Equivalent ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Male Sex ◽  
Nerve Fibre Layer

AimsTo describe the distributions of and associations with intraocular pressure (IOP) and circumpapillary retinal nerve fibre layer (cRNFL) thickness in a population-based study.MethodsNorthern Ireland Cohort for the Longitudinal Study of Ageing participants underwent a computer-assisted personal interview, a self-completion questionnaire and a health assessment (HA). At the HA, participants underwent IOP measurement using Ocular Response Analyser and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography with Heidelberg Spectralis. Participants also underwent a range of anthropometric, ophthalmic, cardiovascular, cognition and blood tests. Participants who attended the HA and had a vertical cup-to-disc ratio (VCDR) measurement in at least one eye were eligible for the study. Participants without any IOP or cRNFL measurements were excluded from the respective analyses.ResultsThere were 3221 participants eligible for this study (5753 eyes included in the IOP analysis and 5461 eyes included in the cRNFL analysis). The mean (SD) Goldmann correlated IOP (IOPg) was 15.39 mm Hg (3.55 mm Hg). The mean (SD) average global cRNFL thickness was 94.39 µm (11.18 µm). Increased IOPg was associated with increased age, male sex, hypertension, refractive error (myopic decrease in spherical equivalent) and increased corneal resistance factor, while beta-blocker drug use was associated with lower IOPg in the fully adjusted multivariate analysis. Thinner average global cRNFL was associated with Alzheimer’s disease in the age-adjusted and sex-adjusted model. In the fully adjusted multivariate analysis, increased age, male sex, left eyes, hypertension, increased VCDR, refractive error (myopic decrease in spherical equivalent) and increased IOPg were associated with thinner average global cRNFL, while Parkinson’s disease and current (vs never) smoking status were associated with thicker average global cRNFL.ConclusionsIncreased IOP and reduced cRNFL were associated with increased age, myopic refractive error, male sex and hypertension. Alzheimer’s disease was associated with thinner average global cRNFL, while Parkinson’s disease was associated with thicker average global cRNFL.

scholarly journals A calculator proposal for estimating refractive error after 3 years using the onset biometric values in primary school children: a cohort study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feride Tuncer Orhan ◽  
Haluk Huseyin Gürsoy
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
Anterior Chamber ◽  
Refractive Error ◽  
Axial Length ◽  
Anterior Chamber Depth ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Optical Parameters ◽  
Spherical Equivalent ◽  
Final Data ◽  
The Mean

Aim To evaluate consecutive measurements of the biometric parameters, age, and refraction error in a Turkish population at primary school age. Materials and Methods A total of 197 children aged between 7-12 years were included. The data of three consecutive measurements of children, who were examined at least once a year for three years using both cycloplegic auto-refractometry and optical biometry, were used in this retrospective study. Spherical equivalent <-0.50D was considered to be myopic; >+0.75D was considered to be hypermetropic. Age, gender, body mass index, spherical equivalent, axial length, anterior chamber depth, central corneal thickness, keratometry, and lens thickness were analyzed. The onset data obtained in 2013 whereas, the final data were from 2015. Logistic and Cox regression analyses were performed (p<0.05). Results The mean of the onset and the final spherical equivalents were 0.19D (0.56), and 0.08D (0.80), respectively. The myopia prevalence was increased among refractive errors in observation periods (univariable analysis p=0.029; multivariable analysis p=0.017). The onset axial length (HR:4.55, 95%CI:2.87-7.24, p<0.001), keratometry (HR:2.04, 95%CI:1.55-2.67, p<0.001) and age (HR:0.73, 95%CI: 0.57-0.92, p=0.009) correlated myopia progression. To calculate the estimated spherical equivalent, the onset data were included in the logistic regression model. The onset data of spherical equivalent (β=0.916, p<0.001), axial length (β=-0.451, p<0.001), anterior chamber depth (β=0.430, p=0.005) and keratometry (β=-0.172, p<0.001) were found to be significantly associated with the mean SE at the final data. Conclusions To calculate the estimated spherical equivalent following three years, an equation was proposed. The estimated refractive error of children can be calculated by using the proposed equation with the associated onset optical parameters.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the lamina cribrosa in patients with diabetes mellitus using enhanced depth imaging spectral-domain optical coherence tomography

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 442-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serkan Akkaya ◽  
Bekir Küçük ◽  
Hatice Karaköse Doğan ◽  
Ertuğrul Can
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Layer Thickness ◽  
Nerve Fibre ◽  
Lamina Cribrosa ◽  
Retinal Nerve Fibre Layer ◽  
Fibre Layer ◽  
Lamina Cribrosa Thickness ◽  
Nerve Fibre Layer

Purpose: To compare the lamina cribrosa thickness and anterior lamina cribrosa depth between patients with and without diabetes mellitus and to investigate the effect of metabolic control and duration of diabetes mellitus on lamina cribrosa thickness and anterior lamina cribrosa depth using enhanced depth imaging spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. Methods: A total of 70 patients were enrolled in this cross-sectional study and were divided into the diabetes and control groups. Intraocular pressure, circumpapillary retinal nerve fibre layer thickness, anterior lamina cribrosa depth and lamina cribrosa thickness were compared between the groups. Results: In the control group, the mean intraocular pressure was 14.6 ± 3.1 (mean ± standard deviation) mmHg, mean circumpapillary retinal nerve fibre layer thickness was 105.41 ± 5.86 μm, mean anterior lamina cribrosa depth was 420.3 ± 90.2 μm and mean lamina cribrosa thickness was 248.5 ± 5.4 μm. In the diabetes group, the mean intraocular pressure was 13.9 ± 2.2 mmHg, mean circumpapillary retinal nerve fibre layer thickness was 101.37 ± 10.97 μm, mean anterior lamina cribrosa depth was 351.4 ± 58.6 μm and mean lamina cribrosa thickness was 271.6 ± 33.9 μm. Lamina cribrosa thickness was significantly higher ( p < 0.001) and anterior lamina cribrosa depth was significantly lower ( p = 0.003) in the diabetes group. There was no statistical difference between the groups with regard to age, spherical equivalent, axial length, circumpapillary retinal nerve fibre layer thickness and intraocular pressure ( p  = 0.69, 0.26, 0.47, 0.06 and 0.46, respectively). Lamina cribrosa thickness and anterior lamina cribrosa depth were not significantly correlated with duration of diabetes mellitus (lamina cribrosa thickness: r = −0.078, p = 0.643; anterior lamina cribrosa depth: r = −0.062, p = 0.710) or HbA1c levels (lamina cribrosa thickness: r = −0.078, p = 0.596; anterior lamina cribrosa depth: r = −0.228, p = 0.169). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the optical coherence tomography measurement of lamina cribrosa revealed thicker and more anteriorly positioned lamina cribrosa for patients with diabetes mellitus compared with those for healthy controls.

scholarly journals Correlation of Peripapillary Retinal Nerve Fibre Layer Thickness and Visual Evoked Potential in Optic Neuritis in a Tertiary Eye Care Centre

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-161
Author(s):  
Manita Sunam Godar ◽  
Ananda Kumar Sharma ◽  
Madhu Thapa ◽  
Sanjeeta Sitaula ◽  
Nita Sunam Gamal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optic Neuritis ◽  
Layer Thickness ◽  
Nerve Fibre ◽  
Visual Evoked Potential ◽  
Evoked Potential ◽  
Retinal Nerve Fibre Layer ◽  
P Value ◽  
Fibre Layer ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Nerve Fibre Layer

Introduction: Optic neuritis (ON) is the involvement of the optic nerve as a result of inflammation, demyelination or infection. Objective: To study the correlation between peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer thickness (pRNFL) and visual evoked potential (VEP) in ON cases. Materials and Method: A non-interventional, descriptive, cross sectional study enrolling 66 eyes of 49 patients with ON was done. pRNFL thickness was measured by Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) and VEP was also done. OCT and VEP findings were compared with the control group. In addition correlation between pRNFL thickness and VEP was done. Results: The mean pRNFL in affected eyes were significantly higher than the control superiorly (p-value<0.001), inferiorly (p-value <0.001), temporally (p-value 0.005) and nasally (p-value <0.001). The mean P100 latency in the affected eyes were significantly prolonged than the control eyes both at 1º (p-value<0.001) and at 15’ (p-value=0.05). The mean N75-P100 amplitude in the affected eyes were significantly reduced than the control eyes both at 1º (p-value<0.001) and at 15’ (p-value<0.001). The mean pRNFL thickness in all four quadrants and VEP findings of the affected eyes showed no significant correlation. Conclusion: The increased thickness in non-myelinated pRNFL has no correlation with the increased latency or decreased amplitude in cases of ON. However, OCT is seen as a useful tool in detecting and quantifying even subtle pRNFL changes in cases of optic neuritis.

scholarly journals Central Macular Thickness in Children with Myopia, Emmetropia, and Hyperopia: An Optical Coherence Tomography Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon S. K. Yau ◽  
Jacky W. Y. Lee ◽  
Tiffany T. Y. Woo ◽  
Raymond L. M. Wong ◽  
Ian Y. H. Wong
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Axial Length ◽  
Retinal Nerve Fibre Layer ◽  
Macular Thickness ◽  
Chinese Children ◽  
Central Macular Thickness ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Nerve Fibre Layer ◽  
Chinese Subjects

Purpose.To investigate the central macular thickness (CMT) in myopic, emmetropic, and hyperopic Chinese children using Optical Coherence Tomography.Methods.168 right eyes of Chinese subjects aged 4–18 were divided into 3 groups based on their postcycloplegic spherical equivalent: myopes (<−1.0 D); emmetropes (≥−1.0 to ≤+1.0 D); and hyperopes (>+1.0 D) and the CMT was compared before/after age adjustment. The CMT was correlated with age, axial length, and peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL).Results.The mean CMT was274.9±50.3 μm and the mean population age was7.6±3.3years. The CMT was thickest in the myopes (283.3±57.3 μm,n=56), followed by the hyperopes (266.2±55.31 μm,n=60) and then emmetropes (259.8±28.7 μm,n=52) (allP<0.0001). When adjusted for age, myopes had a thicker CMT than the other 2 groups (allP<0.0001) but there was no CMT difference between the emmetropes and hyperopes (P>0.05). There was no significant correlation between CMT with age, axial length, or peripapillary RNFL (allP≥0.2).Conclusion.Chinese children with myopia had a thicker CMT than those with emmetropia or hyperopia. There was no correlation of the CMT with age, axial length, or peripapillary RNFL thickness.

scholarly journals Macular, papillary and peripapillary perfusion densities measured with optical coherence tomography angiography in primary open angle glaucoma and pseudoexfoliation glaucoma

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Cornelius ◽  
Daniel Pilger ◽  
Aline Riechardt ◽  
Emanuel Reitemeyer ◽  
Anne Rübsam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Nerve Fibre ◽  
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽  
Primary Open Angle Glaucoma ◽  
Open Angle Glaucoma ◽  
Retinal Nerve Fibre Layer ◽  
Open Angle ◽  
Pseudoexfoliation Glaucoma ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Nerve Fibre Layer

Abstract Purpose To compare the blood flow situation in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PXG) using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Methods In this prospective study a total of 26 POAG and 23 PXG eyes were included. All patients underwent a complete ophthalmological examination including standard automated perimetry, stereoscopic photographs of the optic disc, peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer analysis and examination of vascular parameters of the optic nerve head (ONH), the peripapillary region and macula using OCTA. In addition to the vascular parameters recorded by the device, the vascular images were graphically evaluated using Image J. All recorded vascular parameters were compared between both groups and correlated to structural and functional parameters. Results The mean superficial perifoveal plexus perfusion density (PD) was significantly lower in PXG eyes than compared to POAG eyes using OCTA (32.57% ± 3.57% vs. 34.92% ± 2.11%, p = 0.007). The mean PD parameters for the superficial peripapillary plexus (40.98% ± 3.04% vs. 42.09% ± 2.29%, p = 0.152) as well as the size of the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) (0.23 mm2 ± 0.1 mm2 vs. 0.23 mm2 ± 0.09 mm2) did not differ between both groups. Additional graphic evaluation using Image J showed no significant difference for superficial perifoveal plexus PD (32.97% ± 1.11% vs. 33.35% ± 0.95%, p = 0.194) and peripapillary plexus PD (46.65% ± 0.83% vs. 46.95% ± 0.5%, p = 0.127) between the groups. Retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) thickness correlated significantly with peripapillary plexus PD for both OCTA data and Image J data (p < 0.001, p = 0.032). Conclusion The severity of the glaucoma seems to be crucial for peripapillary and macular perfusion densities, and not the form of glaucoma. An additional graphic evaluation is a possible step that could be implemented to improve the comparability of OCTA scans and to optimize the possibility of quantitative perfusion analysis in the case of deviating quality criteria.

Cycloplegic Refraction in Myopic Children with Brown Irises: Time of Maximum Cycloplegia and Difference between Retinoscopy and Autorefraction

2021 ◽  
Vol 104 (3) ◽  
pp. 364-369
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Refractive Error ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Spherical Equivalent ◽  
Final Value ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Time Point

Objective: To evaluate time of maximum cycloplegia in myopic children with brown irises and to study differences between refractive error after maximum cycloplegia measured by retinoscopy and autorefraction. Materials and Methods: The present study was a prospective descriptive study included myopic children with brown irises aged 5 to 14 years. Cycloplegic refraction was performed using cyclopentolate 1%, three times, ten minutes apart. Refractive error was measured by autorefraction before and at 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, and 80 minutes after the first instillation of cyclopentolate. Finally, retinoscopy was performed by a single examiner at 80 minutes. Time of maximum cycloplegia was determined from the time point at which the 95% confidence interval of the differences between the mean spherical equivalent (SE) at each point and its final value at 80 minutes was reached and remained within the equivalence limit (±0.25 D). Difference between SE of retinoscopy and autorefraction was evaluated. Results: Sixty-eight children were recruited. The mean age was 10.5 years (SD 2.4). Thirty-seven children were male (54%). The time of maximum cycloplegia was 30 minutes after the first instillation of cyclopentolate. At 80 minutes, the degree of myopia measured by autorefraction was significantly higher compared to those measured by retinoscopy (p<0.001, mean difference 0.26 D). Conclusion: Time of maximum cycloplegia in myopic children with brown irises was 30 minutes after the first instillation of cyclopentolate. Even when the maximum cycloplegia was reached, the degree of myopia measured by autorefraction was higher than that measured by retinoscopy. Keywords: Cycloplegic refraction, Cyclopentolate, Cycloplegia, Myopia, Myopia in children, Retinoscopy, Autorefraction

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