Avascular necrosis of bone after renal transplantation: role of parathyroid hormone and vitamin D.

This chapter explains the embryology of sexual differentiation, which provides the basis to assessment and management of disorders of sexual differentiation presenting at birth. There are sections on neonatal adrenal insufficiency and pituitary insufficiency, with background information provided on fetal and neonatal physiology relevant to these. Thyroid disorders are explained with particular reference to maternal thyroid disease. Calcium disorders and fetal and neonatal bone metabolism are explained, including the role of calcitonin, vitamin D, and parathyroid hormone.

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Calcium homeostasis

10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0026 ◽

2015 ◽

Author(s):

Francesco Trepiccione ◽

Giovambattista Capasso

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Parathyroid Hormone ◽

Calcium Homeostasis ◽

Calcineurin Inhibitors ◽

Blood Levels ◽

Active Vitamin ◽

Active Vitamin D

Ca2+ homeostasis is achieved through a fine balance among three main organs: the intestine, the kidney, and bone. Blood levels of Ca2+ are accurately tuned through the Ca2+ sensing receptors and regulated by several hormones, including parathyroid hormone (PTH), active vitamin D, and calcitonin. The most recent findings in Ca2+ handling are described. The role of the Ca2+ sensing receptor, as well as Klotho, a new player participating in Ca2+ homeostasis, are described. Finally, the effects of diuretics, calcineurin inhibitors, and the link between hypertension and Ca2+ metabolism are reviewed.

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Avascular necrosis of bone as a complication of renal transplantation

Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism ◽

10.1016/0049-0172(76)90021-4 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 189-206 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Edward T. Habermann ◽

Robert L. Cristofaro

Keyword(s):

Renal Transplantation ◽

Avascular Necrosis ◽

Avascular Necrosis Of Bone

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Role of prolactin in vitamin D metabolism and calcium absorption during lactation in the rat

Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1677/joe.0.0940443 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 94 (3) ◽

pp. 443-453 ◽

Cited By ~ 53

Author(s):

C. J. Robinson ◽

E. Spanos ◽

M. F. James ◽

J. W. Pike ◽

M. R. Haussler ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Alkaline Phosphatase ◽

Parathyroid Hormone ◽

Alkaline Phosphatase Activity ◽

Plasma Levels ◽

Calcium Absorption ◽

High Plasma ◽

Intestinal Calcium Absorption ◽

Vitamin D Metabolism

Intestinal calcium absorption and plasma levels of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (1,25(OH)2D3) were measured in lactating and non-lactating rats and the effects of bromocriptine and exogenous prolactin treatment were evaluated. In lactating rats calcium absorption and plasma levels of parathyroid hormone, 1,25(OH)2D3 and alkaline phosphatase activity were significantly increased. Bromocriptine treatment significantly reduced the enhanced calcium absorption and levels of plasma 1,25(OH)2D3 and alkaline phosphatase but had no significant effect on plasma levels of parathyroid hormone. Prolactin administered with bromocriptine to lactating animals prevented all the changes observed with bromocriptine treatment alone. It was concluded that the increased plasma levels of prolactin during lactation lead to high plasma levels of 1,25(OH)2D3 which are responsible for the enhanced intestinal calcium absorption.

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Skeletal Resistance to the Calcemic Action of Parathyroid Hormone: Role of the Kidney and Vitamin D

Non-Vasoactive Renal Hormones - Contributions to Nephrology ◽

10.1159/000402140 ◽

2015 ◽

pp. 125-131 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Shaul G. Massry

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Parathyroid Hormone ◽

Skeletal Resistance

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Role of parathyroid hormone in determination of fat mass in patients with Vitamin D deficiency

Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.4103/ijem.ijem_42_17 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 21 (6) ◽

pp. 848 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

RamanK Marwaha ◽

MK Garg ◽

Namita Mahalle ◽

Kuntal Bhadra ◽

Nikhil Tandon

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Parathyroid Hormone ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

Fat Mass

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Role of parathyroid hormone and vitamin D supplementation in stroke among patients on peritoneal dialysis

10.21203/rs.2.21446/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Xiaohan You ◽

Ying Zhou ◽

Jianna Zhang ◽

Qiongxiu Zhou ◽

Yanling Shi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Regression Analysis ◽

Peritoneal Dialysis ◽

Parathyroid Hormone ◽

Predictive Factor ◽

Cox Regression ◽

Vitamin D Supplementation ◽

Cox Regression Analysis

Abstract Background Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients have a high incidence of stroke and commonly have increased parathyroid hormone levels and vitamin D insufficiency. We seek to investigate the incidence of stroke and the role of parathyroid hormone and vitamin D supplementation in stroke risk among CAPD patients.Methods This is a retrospective study enrolled a Chinese cohort of 980 CAPD patients who were routinely followed up in our department. The demographic and clinical data recorded at the time of initial CAPD and during follow-up time are collected. The included cases were separated into nonstroke and stroke groups. The role of parathyroid hormone and vitamin D supplementation for stroke in CAPD patients is evaluated. The primary endpoint is defined as the first-time occurrence of stroke, and composite endpoint events are defined as death or switch to hemodialysis during follow-up.Results A total of 757 eligible CAPD patients with a mean follow-up time of 54.7 (standard deviation (SD) 33) months were included in the study. The median incidence of stroke among our CAPD patients was 18.9 (IQR, 15.7 - 22.1) per 1000 person-years. A significant nonlinear correlation between baseline iPTH and hazard of stroke (p value of linear association = 0.2 and nonlinear association = 0.002) was observed in our univariate Cox regression analysis, and low baseline iPTH levels (≤150 pg/ml) were associated with an increased cumulative hazard of stroke. Multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated a significant interaction effect between age and iPTH after adjusting for other confounders. Vitamin D supplementation during follow-up was a predictive factor for stroke in our cohort.Conclusions CAPD patients suffered a high risk of stroke. Lower iPTH levels were significantly associated with an increased risk of stroke. Vitamin D supplementation is an independent predictive factor for stroke among CAPD patients.

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