Prevalence and correlates of long-term e-cigarette and nicotine replacement therapy use: a prospective study in England

ObjectivesTo examine the prevalence of, and sociodemographic and smoking-related characteristics associated with, long-term e-cigarette use compared with long-term nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) use.DesignCross-sectional and prospective survey, the Smoking Toolkit Study, with baseline data collected between September 2014 and September 2016 and follow-ups at 6 and 12 months.SettingEngland.ParticipantsPopulation representative sample of 40 933 adults aged 16+ years.Main outcome measuresPrevalence of long-term (≥12 months) use of e-cigarettes and NRT by retrospective self-report among baseline respondents (all adults, n=40 933; smokers, n=8406) and current use at baseline, 6 months and 12 months in a subsample of smokers who responded to follow-up (n=733).ResultsOf baseline respondents, 1.5% (95% CI 1.4% to 1.6%, n=604) of adults and 3.9% (95% CI 3.5% to 4.3%, n=327) of smokers were long-term e-cigarette users and 0.5% (95% CI 0.4% to 0.6%, n=205) of adults and 1.3% (95% CI 1.1% to 1.5%, n=112) of smokers were long-term NRT users. Assessed prospectively, 13.4% (95% CI 10.9% to 15.9%, n=100) of smokers were long-term e-cigarette users and 1.9% (95% CI 0.9% to 2.9%, n=14) were long-term NRT users. Among all adults, long-term use by never smokers of either e-cigarettes (0.1%, n=27) or NRT (0.0%, n=7) was rare. Among past-year smokers, long-term e-cigarette and NRT use was higher among older smokers compared with those who were 16–34 years old (OR range=1.55–5.21). Long-term e-cigarette use only was lower in smokers who were less educated (OR=0.63, 95% CI 0.49 to 0.81), from social grades C2DE (OR=0.66, 95% CI 0.52 to 0.84) and with children in the household (OR=0.66, 95% CI 0.51 to 0.85). Long-term e-cigarette use and long-term NRT use were higher among smokers more motivated to quit (OR=2.05, 95% CI 1.63 to 2.60 and OR=2.33, 95% CI 1.57 to 3.46).ConclusionsIn the adult population in England, long-term use of e-cigarettes and long-term use of NRT are almost exclusively by current or ex-smokers. Only a minority of past-year smokers retrospectively report long-term e-cigarette or NRT use, but this figure may be an underestimate, especially for e-cigarette use, which is more than threefold higher when assessed prospectively.

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Comparison of the characteristics of long-term users of electronic cigarettes versus nicotine replacement therapy: A cross-sectional survey of English ex-smokers and current smokers

Drug and Alcohol Dependence ◽

10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.05.005 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 153 ◽

pp. 300-305 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Victoria A. Nelson ◽

Maciej L. Goniewicz ◽

Emma Beard ◽

Jamie Brown ◽

Kate Sheals ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Replacement Therapy ◽

Nicotine Replacement Therapy ◽

Electronic Cigarettes ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Nicotine Replacement

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Motivasi Berhenti Merokok pada Perokok Dewasa Muda Berdasarkan Transtheoretical Model (TTM)

JURNAL FARMASI DAN ILMU KEFARMASIAN INDONESIA ◽

10.20473/jfiki.v5i22018.85-92 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 85

Author(s):

Esti Rossa Larasati ◽

Wita Saraswati ◽

Henny Utami Setiawan ◽

Silda Sabila Rahma ◽

Agustina Gianina ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Replacement Therapy ◽

Nicotine Replacement Therapy ◽

Transtheoretical Model ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Nicotine Replacement

Pendahuluan: Merokok telah diketahui menjadi faktor resiko banyak penyakit dan kematian. Meskipun demikian, terdapat peningkatan prevalensi perokok berusia muda. Intervensi untuk meningkatkan angka berhenti merokok diharapkan efektif dilakukan. Desain intervensi tersebut dapat dipengaruhi oleh seberapa tinggi motivasi berhenti merokok. Tujuan: Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengidentifikasi motivasi seseorang untuk berhenti merokok berdasarkan Transtheoretical Model (TTM), untuk menentukan hubungan faktor demografi dan pengetahuan rokok terhadap motivasi berhenti merokok, dan menemukan faktor-faktor yang membedakan motivasi untuk berhenti merokok. Metode: Penelitian ini dilakukan di sekitar kampus B Universitas Airlangga pada September 2018 menggunakan metode survei, rancangan studi cross-sectional dengan teknik accidental sampling. Responden dalam penelitian ini merupakan perokok berusia 17 - 25 tahun (n = 162). Hasil: Dari hasil analisis data diperoleh bahwa tingkat motivasi tertinggi terdapat pada tahap kontemplasi yaitu sebanyak 38,9% (62 responden). Tahap kontemplasi adalah tahap dimana seseorang masih berstatus sebagai perokok aktif, tetapi sudah berkeinginan untuk berhenti merokok dalam 6 bulan ke depan, sehingga masih memiliki kecenderungan untuk membatalkan keinginan berhenti merokok. Profil demografi, seperti uang saku, jumlah teman merokok dan keberadaan perokok di rumah responden tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap tingkat motivasi berhenti merokok. Pengetahuan dan intensitas merokok berpengaruh signifikan terhadap motivasi berhenti merokok. Terdapat korelasi antara pengeluaran untuk merokok dan jumlah batang rokok per hari dengan motivasi berhenti merokok (p = 0,000). Kesimpulan: Promosi kesehatan terkait berhenti merokok yang berfokus di kalangan remaja sangat perlu dilakukan. Intervensi yang dapat dilakukan untuk perokok pada tahap kontemplasi adalah mengadakan penyuluhan tentang bahaya merokok dan pemberian informasi adanya NRT (Nicotine Replacement Therapy).

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Exploratory survey study of long-term users of nicotine replacement therapy in Danish consumers

Harm Reduction Journal ◽

10.1186/1477-7517-12-2 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 2 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Gitte Borup ◽

Kim Mikkelsen ◽

Philip Tønnesen ◽

Lona Christrup

Keyword(s):

Replacement Therapy ◽

Nicotine Replacement Therapy ◽

Survey Study ◽

Nicotine Replacement ◽

Exploratory Survey

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Does smoking reduction make smokers happier? Evidence from a cross-sectional survey

The Journal of Smoking Cessation ◽

10.1017/jsc.2013.14 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Emma Beard ◽

Jamie Brown ◽

Robert West

Keyword(s):

Life Satisfaction ◽

Harm Reduction ◽

Replacement Therapy ◽

Nicotine Replacement Therapy ◽

Clinical Excellence ◽

Smoking Reduction ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Nicotine Replacement ◽

The Uk

Objectives: Stopping smoking leads to greater happiness and life satisfaction. This raises the question as to whether harm reduction, i.e. smoking reduction (SR) and the use of Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT) for SR, might lead to a similar benefit. This is of importance, given that the National Institute of Clinical Excellence in the UK is due to release guidance on harm reduction in 2013.Design: Data were collected from 1,532 smokers involved in the Smoking Toolkit Study.Method: Participants were asked if they were cutting down and if they were using Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT). Smokers also rated happiness and life satisfaction.Results: There was no evidence of an association between SR or use of NRT for SR and either reported ‘happiness’ or ‘life satisfaction’. Nor was there an association between measures of ‘happiness’ or ‘life satisfaction’ and cigarette consumption.Conclusion: It appears that SR is not associated with mental health benefits. This suggests that complete cessation may be necessary for benefits to be incurred. Prospective studies are necessary to confirm these findings.

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