scholarly journals Effectiveness of three-dimensional printed and virtual reality models in learning the morphology of craniovertebral junction deformities: a multicentre, randomised controlled study

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. e036853
Author(s):  
Siyi Cai ◽  
Yu He ◽  
Haomin Cui ◽  
Xi Zhou ◽  
Dongsheng Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Clinical Education ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Craniovertebral Junction ◽  
Teaching Hospitals ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Anatomical Landmarks ◽  
The Third ◽  
Randomised Controlled Study ◽  
Randomised Controlled

ObjectivesTo compare the effectiveness of three-dimensional printed (3DP), virtual reality (VR) and conventional normal physical (NP) models in clinical education regarding the morphology of craniovertebral junction (CVJ) deformities.DesignProspective, multicentre, randomised controlled study.SettingThree teaching hospitals in China.ParticipantsOne hundred and fifty-three participants in their first year of a 3-year medical residency programme.InterventionsAll participants were randomised to one of the three groups to learn the morphology of CVJ deformities using 3DP, VR or NP models.Primary outcome measuresThe objective outcomes were evaluated using three-level objective testing. In the first-level test, the participants were required to identify 15 anatomical landmarks on radiographs without CVJ deformities. In the second-level test, all participants were asked to identify the same 15 landmarks on radiographs showing classic CVJ deformities. In the third-level test, the participants were required to describe the key features of three classic cases of CVJ deformities depicted on radiographs. Each participant was also asked to answer four subjective questions to evaluate the importance and usefulness of the educational materials.ResultsIn the first-level test, the 3DP, VR and NP groups achieved similar correct rates. In the second-level test, the correct rate was higher in the 3DP group (82.1%±13.6%) than the VR and NP groups (76.9%±16.9% and 69.9%±20.0%, p=0.002). In the third-level test, the 3DP group achieved better correct rates regarding the description of key CVJ deformities features (66.2%±20.0%, p=0.049) than the other groups. The subjective tests showed that the 3DP model method was considered the most valuable approach for learning CVJ deformities.ConclusionsThe objective and subjective results show that the 3DP model is more effective teaching instrument than the NP model for learning the pathomorphology of CVJ deformities. The VR model also showed great efficacy, second to 3DP model, in improving participants’ understanding of CVJ deformities.

scholarly journals A randomised controlled study for the prevention of post-partum haemorrhage with oxytocin plus methyl ergometrine versus oxytocin alone in the third stage of labour

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1906
Author(s):  
Rajani Somanathan ◽  
Mohanapriya Balu ◽  
Elizabeth Jacob ◽  
Sr Marykutty Illickal
Keyword(s):  
Blood Loss ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
The Third ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Randomised Controlled Study ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Post Partum Haemorrhage ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Randomised Controlled

Background: Postpartum haemorrhage is the leading cause of maternal death. Uterine atony which is preventable, causes 80% of Post partum haemorrhage (PPH). Active management of third stage of labour (AMTSL) lowers maternal blood loss and reduces the risk of PPH. In this open labelled randomised controlled study we compared the combined use of oxytocin and methyl ergometrine vs oxytocin alone in prevention of PPH in the third stage of labour.Methods: 200 Women admitted for safe confinement and following the inclusion criteria were randomised immediately post delivery to receive either oxytocin +methyl ergometrine or oxytocin alone. The amount of blood loss was assessed objectively by weighing the mops and under sheets used during delivery. If bleeding could not be controlled, additional uterotonics were given. The incidence of PPH, amount of blood loss, use of additional uterotonics and side effects were recorded. The difference in pre natal and post natal haemoglobin (Hb) and the need for blood transfusion were assessed.Results: There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of PPH between the groups. Post partum blood loss was significantly lesser in the combined group. Additional oxytocics were required more often in the oxytocin only group. The incidence of headache was significantly more in the combined group. The difference in haemoglobin levels post natally and the need for blood transfusion was comparable among both groups.Conclusions: The combined use of methyl ergometrine +oxytocin is not recommended over oxytocin alone in the third stage of labour for prevention of PPH.

scholarly journals Virtual Reality and Three-Dimensional Printed Models Improve the Morphological Understanding in Learning Mandibular Sagittal Split Ramus Osteotomy: A Randomized Controlled Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henglei Zhang ◽  
Yu He ◽  
Ying Chen ◽  
Jianfeng Liu ◽  
Qi Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Randomized Controlled Study ◽  
Objective Test ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Anatomical Landmarks ◽  
Sagittal Split Ramus Osteotomy ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Osteotomy Line

Background: The mandibular sagittal split ramus osteotomy (SSRO) is a routine operation performed to correct mandibular deformity including mandibular retrusion, protrusion, deficiency, and asymmetry. The SSRO remains a challenging procedure for junior surgeons due to a lack of adequate morphological knowledge necessary for success in clinical practice. Virtual reality (VR) and three-dimensional printed (3DP) models have been widely applied in anatomy education. The present randomized, controlled study was performed to evaluate the effect of traditional educational instruments, VR models, and 3DP models on junior surgeons learning the morphological information required to perform SSRO.Methods: Eighty-one participants were randomly assigned to three learning groups: Control, VR, and 3DP. Objective and subjective tests were used to evaluate the learning effectiveness of each learning instrument. In the objective test, participants were asked to identify 10 anatomical landmarks on normal and deformed models, draw the osteotomy line, and determine the description of SSRO. In the subjective test, participants were asked to provide feedback regarding their subjective feelings about the learning instrument used in their group.Results: The objective test results showed that the VR and 3DP groups achieved better accuracy in drawing the osteotomy line (p = 0.027) and determining the description of SSRO (p = 0.023) than the Control group. However, there was no significant difference among the three groups regarding the identification of anatomical landmarks. The VR and 3DP groups gave satisfactory subjective feedback about the usefulness in learning, good presentation, and enjoyment. The Control and 3DP groups reported positive feelings about ease of use.Conclusion: The current findings suggest that VR and 3DP models were effective instruments that assisted in the morphological understanding of SSRO-related anatomical structures. Furthermore, 3DP models may be a promising supplementary instrument to bridge the gap between conventional learning and clinical practice.

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