scholarly journals Impact of expanding smoke-free policies beyond enclosed public places and workplaces on children’s tobacco smoke exposure and respiratory health: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. e038234
Author(s):  
Márta K Radó ◽  
Famke JM Mölenberg ◽  
Aziz Sheikh ◽  
Christopher Millett ◽  
Wichor M Bramer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Respiratory Health ◽  
Smoke Exposure ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Tobacco Smoke Exposure ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Public Places ◽  
The Impact

IntroductionTobacco smoke exposure (TSE) has considerable adverse respiratory health impact among children. Smoke-free policies covering enclosed public places are known to reduce child TSE and benefit child health. An increasing number of jurisdictions are now expanding smoke-free policies to also cover outdoor areas and/or (semi)private spaces (indoor and/or outdoor). We aim to systematically review the evidence on the impact of these ‘novel smoke-free policies’ on children’s TSE and respiratory health.Methods and analysis13 electronic databases will be searched by two independent reviewers for eligible studies. We will consult experts from the field and hand-search references and citations to identify additional published and unpublished studies. Study designs recommended by the Cochrane Effective Practice and Organisation of Care (EPOC) group are eligible, without restrictions on the observational period, publication date or language. Our primary outcomes are: self-reported or parental-reported TSE in places covered by the policy; unplanned hospital attendance for wheezing/asthma and unplanned hospital attendance for respiratory infections. We will assess risk of bias of individual studies following the EPOC or Risk Of Bias In Non-randomised Studies of Interventions tool, as appropriate. We will conduct separate random effects meta-analyses for smoke-free policies covering (1) indoor private places, (2) indoor semiprivate places, (3) outdoor (semi)private places and (4) outdoor public places. We will assess whether the policies were associated with changes in TSE in other locations (eg, displacement). Subgroup analyses will be conducted based on country income classification (ie, high, middle or low income) and by socioeconomic status. Sensitivity analyses will be undertaken via broadening our study design eligibility criteria (ie, including non-EPOC designs) or via excluding studies with a high risk of bias. This review will inform policymakers regarding the implementation of extended smoke-free policies to safeguard children’s health.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required. Findings will be disseminated to academics and the general public.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020190563.

scholarly journals Secondhand tobacco smoke exposure in selected public places (PM2.5 and air nicotine) and non-smoking employees (hair nicotine) in Ghana

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Agbenyikey ◽  
E. Wellington ◽  
J. Gyapong ◽  
M. J. Travers ◽  
P. N. Breysse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Smoke Exposure ◽  
Tobacco Smoke Exposure ◽  
Public Places ◽  
Secondhand Tobacco Smoke

scholarly journals Associations between Second-Hand Tobacco Smoke Exposure and Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Physical Activity, and Respiratory Health in Children

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (21) ◽  
pp. 11445
Author(s):  
Melissa Parnell ◽  
Lawrence Foweather ◽  
Greg Whyte ◽  
John Dickinson ◽  
Ivan Gee
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Respiratory Health ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Tobacco Smoke Exposure ◽  
Positive Health ◽  
Shs Exposure ◽  
The Impact

Background: Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and physical activity (PA) are associated with a plethora of positive health effects. Many UK children fail to meet the recommended level of PA, with an observed decline in CRF levels over recent decades. Second-hand tobacco smoke (SHS) is responsible for a significant proportion of the worldwide burden of disease, but little is understood regarding the impact of SHS exposure on CRF and PA in children. The aim of this study was to test the associations between SHS exposure and CRF, PA, and respiratory health in children. Method: Children (9–11 years) from UK primary schools in deprived areas participated (n = 104, 38 smoking households). Surveys determined household smoking, and exhaled carbon monoxide was used to indicate children’s recent SHS exposure. CRF (VO2peak) was assessed via maximal treadmill protocol using breath-by-breath analysis. Fractional exhaled nitric oxide and spirometry were utilised as indicators of respiratory health. Results: Linear regression models demonstrated that SHS exposure was negatively associated with allometrically scaled VO2peak (B = −3.8, p = 0.030) but not PA or respiratory health. Conclusion: The results indicate that SHS is detrimental to children’s CRF; given that approximately one-third of children are regularly exposed to SHS, this important finding has implications for both public health and the sport and exercise sciences.

scholarly journals Tobacco Smoke Exposure, Urban and Environmental Factors as Respiratory Disease Predictors in Italian Adolescents

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (20) ◽  
pp. 4048 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeria Bellisario ◽  
Pavilio Piccioni ◽  
Massimiliano Bugiani ◽  
Giulia Squillacioti ◽  
Stefano Levra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Respiratory Health ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Smoke Exposure ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Tobacco Smoke Exposure ◽  
Forced Oscillation Technique ◽  
Shape Distribution

Risk monitoring in childhood is useful to estimate harmful health effects at later stages of life. Thus, here we have assessed the effects of tobacco smoke exposure and environmental pollution on the respiratory health of Italian children and adolescents using spirometry and the forced oscillation technique (FOT). For this purpose, we recruited 188 students aged 6–19 years living in Chivasso, Italy, and collected from them the following data: (1) one filled out questionnaire; (2) two respiratory measurements (i.e., spirometry and FOT); and (3) two urine tests for Cotinine (Cot) and 15-F2t-Isoprostane (15-F2t-IsoP) levels. We found a V-shape distribution for both Cotinine and 15-F2t-IsoP values, according to age groups, as well as a direct correlation (p = 0.000) between Cotinine and tobacco smoke exposure. These models demonstrate that tobacco smoke exposure, traffic, and the living environment play a fundamental role in the modulation of asthma-like symptoms (p = 0.020) and respiratory function (p = 0.007). Furthermore, the results from the 11–15-year group indicate that the growth process is a protective factor against the risk of respiratory disease later in life. Lastly, the FOT findings highlight the detrimental effects of tobacco smoke exposure and urbanization and traffic on respiratory health and asthma-like symptoms, respectively. Overall, monitoring environmental and behavioral factors in childhood can provide valuable information for preventing respiratory diseases in adulthood.

Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure and Chinese Schoolchildren's Respiratory Health

2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 487-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi-Qiang He ◽  
Tze-Wai Wong ◽  
Lin Du ◽  
Zhuo-Qin Jiang ◽  
Tak-sun Ignatius Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Respiratory Health ◽  
Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure ◽  
Smoke Exposure ◽  
Tobacco Smoke Exposure
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