Prophylactic antimicrobials in surgery

1981 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 45-47
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
Antimicrobial Prophylaxis ◽  
Cross Infection ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Prophylactic Use

Recent work has clarified some of the controversies surrounding antimicrobial prophylaxis. The use of an antimicrobial may lead to allergic and toxic unwanted effects, the infection of treated patients with resistant organisms, and the cross-infection of others in hospital. Does the prophylactic use of antimicrobials confer any benefit?

Mafenide acetate (sulfamylon) and silver sulphadiazine creams for local treatment of burns

1971 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 39-40
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nitrate ◽  
Antimicrobial Prophylaxis ◽  
Nitrate Solution ◽  
Local Treatment ◽  
Silver Nitrate Solution ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Prophylactic Use ◽  
Silver Sulphadiazine

Infection, especially with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and some other Gram-negative bacilli, is a major cause of death in severely burned patients. In attempts to combat such infection classical asepsis and systemic chemotherapy have been less successful than local chemoprophylaxis. Creams containing polymyxin, neomycin and some other antibiotics help, but compresses of 0.5% silver nitrate solution,1 2 and gentamicin cream3 4 appear to be better. Unfortunately silver nitrate gives little or no protection against Klebsiella and some other Gram-negative bacilli and is relatively ineffective against established infection: prophylactic use of gentamicin is likely in the long run to select out resistant strains of Ps. aeruginosa, and is therefore better reserved for the treatment of systemic pseudomonas sepsis. Two newer agents for local antimicrobial prophylaxis and treatment are mafenide acetate cream5 and silver sulphadiazine cream which is not yet marketed.6

scholarly journals Sacrifice, Session and Intercession:The End of Christ’s Offering in Hebrews

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 521-541
Author(s):  
Nicholas J. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
The Cross

A growing number of scholars have argued that Christ’s offering in Hebrews is not limited to the cross but extends into heaven; in recent work David Moffitt contends that Christ’s heavenly, atoning offering is perpetual and coextensive with his intercession. This article calls this further step into question, by examining the function of Christ’s heavenly session in Hebrews’ construal of sacrificial process, and by exploring the nature of his heavenly intercession and its relation to his offering and enthronement. It argues that Christ’s session is a hinge, marking an emphatic close to his sacrificial work for the forgiveness of sins, and inaugurating his royal reign and priestly prayer.

Πίστις and Christ in Hippolytus's De Christo et Antichristo: A Response to Michael F. Bird and Michael R. Whitenton

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 594-603
Author(s):  
Wally V. Cirafesi ◽  
Gerald W. Peterman
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
The Cross

This article is a response to the recent work of Michael F. Bird and Michael R. Whitenton, in which they argue that Hippolytus's De Christo et Antichristo provides a clear instance of a subjective genitive πίστις Χριστοῦ construction and unambiguously identifies πίστις as Jesus' death on the cross. However, in light of (1) a significant textual variant, and (2) the role that πίστις plays in Hippolytus's theology of martyrdom, the construction in fact supports the reading of an objective genitive.

Does Topical Antibiotic Prophylaxis Reduce Post—Tympanostomy Tube Otorrhea?

1994 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Garcia ◽  
George A. Gates ◽  
Kenneth B. Schechtman
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Antimicrobial Prophylaxis ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Tympanostomy Tube ◽  
Continued Use ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Prophylactic Use ◽  
Low Incidence ◽  
Topical Antimicrobial ◽  
Patient Studies

Purulent otorrhea is the most common complication of tympanostomy tube (TT) insertion. It may occur in the postoperative period or at any time during the sojourn of the tube. The efficacy of topical antimicrobial prophylaxis against purulent postoperative otorrhea (PPO) has been examined in 5 prospective, randomized studies; all demonstrated a reduction in PPO from topical antimicrobial prophylaxis, but in only 1 study was the difference statistically significant. Because the 5 studies used 2 different experimental designs — By-patient, and by-ear — a single meta-analysis could not be done. However, the by-patient studies met the criteria for meta-analysis, which demonstrated a combined odds ratio of 0.12 (95% confidence interval 0.04 to 0.37, p = .0002). This represents an 85% reduction in otorrhea, which is judged to be clinically as well as statistically significant. We conclude from the available evidence that prophylactic use of topical antimicrobial agents following TT insertion consistently reduces the rate of PPO. However, the low incidence of PPO and the heterogeneity of the published studies prevent making a final judgment for or against the continued use of these agents. Therefore, given that these potentially ototoxic agents are frequently administered to prevent postoperative otorrhea, further study of this subject is warranted. In the meantime, we recommend judicious use of these agents following TT insertion in those cases at higher risk for PPO, namely those with mucoid or purulent effusion.

scholarly journals Developing a Declarative Analysis Language: LINQToROOT

2019 ◽  
Vol 214 ◽  
pp. 06039
Author(s):  
Gordon Watts
Keyword(s):  
Parallel Processing ◽  
Recent Work ◽  
Data Model ◽  
Event Processing ◽  
C Language ◽  
Cross Platform ◽  
Query System ◽  
Quick Turnaround ◽  
The Cross

The HEP community is preparing for the LHC’s Run 3 and 4. One of the big challenges for physics analysis will be developing tools to efficiently express an analysis and able to efficiently process the x10 more data expected. Recently, interest has focused on declarative analysis languages: a way of specifying a physicists’ intent and leaving everything else to the underlying system. The underlying system takes care of finding the data - powering the event processing loop – and even exactly how to most efficiently apply a desired jet selection. If this works, this would allow an analyser to test their algorithm on a small amount of data on their GPU-less laptop and then run it on a large amount of data on a server with multiple large GPU’s without having to alter their code. The LINQToROOT project, started almost seven years ago, fits this model. It has been used and tested in three ATLAS published analyses. LINQToROOT is based on the Language Integrated Query system built into the cross-platform C# language. It enables writing strongly-typed queries on a ROOT’s TTree’s data and transcribes the data to a C++ algorithm that can run in ROOT. Recent work on this system has had two goals: improving analysis efficiency and better understanding the requirements of a declarative analysis language. For example, a good analysis language should be able to abstract away the backend – recent work has increased the possible back ends from formerly the single Windows ROOT backend to one that runs on Linux, the Windows Linux-subsystem, and an experimental one that allows for PROOF like parallel processing – all done with almost no change to the analysis code itself. Any analysis language must also be rich enough to support an experiment’s data model. To test this, some experiments with the full ATLAS xAOD data model have been performed. All of this has been done while attempting to keep the project close to its original goals: quick turnaround for real ATLAS physics analysis. This work will be discussed in some detail along with thoughts and lessons that have helped shape our thinking about an Analysis Language and perhaps our approach to future physics analysis employing declarative analysis.

The Cross, and Necessity: A Trinitarian Perspective

2017 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 322-341
Author(s):  
Adonis Vidu
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
Thomas Aquinas ◽  
Bernard Lonergan ◽  
Antecedent Conditions ◽  
The Cross

I argue that the understanding of the necessity of the cross for divine reconciliation needs to be re-evaluated in light of two components of a classical trinitarian metaphysic: the doctrine of inseparable operations and the doctrine of trinitarian missions. Drawing from Thomas Aquinas and Bernard Lonergan, I suggest that the economic actions of the incarnate Son are not antecedent conditions, but consequent conditions of God’s ultimate salvific ends. After sharpening this proposal in conversation with Nicholas Lombardo’s recent work, I further clarify the particular kind of necessity that attaches to the work of Christ, before responding to several objections.

A Critique of ‘Literary Worlds’ in World Literature Theory

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 354-372
Author(s):  
Ryan Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
World Literature ◽  
Literary Production ◽  
Critical Approach ◽  
The World ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Literary Systems ◽  
Literature Theory ◽  
East West

Abstract Recently, critics of world literature such as Alexander Beecroft, Eric Hayot, and Haun Saussy have argued that a multitude of possible literary worlds make up the world of world literature. Literary worlds theory provides a richer and more relativistic account of how literary production and analysis work than do similar models such as Franco Moretti’s and Pascale Casanova’s world literary systems. However, the theory runs into two difficulties: it downplays the socio-historical situation of the critic and the text; and it has difficulty accounting for the cross-world identity of characters and how logically inconsistent worlds access one another. To refine the theory, I modify G.E.R. Lloyd’s concept of the “multidimensionality” of reality and literature. Strengthening Lloyd’s concept through reference to recent work in comparative East-West philosophy, I contend that the addition of Lloyd’s theory resolves the problems presented above while still allowing for a relativistic critical approach to world literature.

Design and Development of a low cost Ultraviolet Disinfection system to reduce the cross infection of SARS-CoV-2 in ambulances

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sakhawat Hossen Rakib ◽  
S.M Masum ◽  
Md. Rashadul Islam Patwari ◽  
Rafatul Alam Fahima ◽  
Atika Farhana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Cross Infection ◽  
Ultraviolet Disinfection ◽  
Design And Development ◽  
The Cross

Studies on the cross-transmission of polyhedral viruses: experiments with a new virus from Pyrameis cardui, the Painted Lady butterfly

Parasitology ◽  
1953 ◽  
Vol 43 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 178-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth M. Smith ◽  
N. Xeros
Keyword(s):  
Related Species ◽  
Cross Infection ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Cross Transmission ◽  
The Cross

Up to the present time the polyhedral viruses of insects have been considered to be extremely specific in their infectivity, and cases of cross-infection, even between closely related species, were regarded as rare occurrences. Recently, however, we have recorded results which suggest that there is no such specificity of infection (Smith & Xeros, 1952). In the following paper we describe the results obtained in an extensive series of cross-inoculations among a heterogeneous collection of lepidopterous larvae, selected entirely at random. The results obtained appear at first sight to be compatible with one clear-cut explanation of straightforward cross-infections with differential multiplication of two different viruses in different hosts. Other complications, however, cannot be excluded and one or two possible situations are discussed later in the paper.

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