scholarly journals Postprandial plasma 5-hydroxytryptamine in diarrhoea predominant irritable bowel syndrome: a pilot study

Gut ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
C P Bearcroft ◽  
D Perrett ◽  
M J G Farthing
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Systemic Circulation ◽  
Reversed Phase ◽  
Fluorometric Detection ◽  
Physiological Control ◽  
Creatinine Concentration ◽  
Irritable Bowel

Background—Increased concentrations of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) can be detected in the systemic circulation after a meal and may be involved in the physiological control of gastrointestinal motility. Abnormalities of 5-HT release after a meal might explain some of the postprandial symptoms associated with the irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).Aim—To investigate the effect of a standard meal on plasma 5-HT and urinary 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid (5-HIAA) concentrations in patients with diarrhoea predominant IBS and in healthy volunteers.Methods—After an overnight fast, six volunteers and five patients with IBS were given a carbohydrate-rich meal. Blood and urine samples were taken before and for four hours after the meal. Platelet-poor plasma 5-HT and urinary 5-HIAA were analysed by reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography with fluorometric detection. 5-HIAA was expressed as a ratio with urinary creatinine concentration, which was measured by spectrophotometry.Results—During the four hour postprandial period, 5-HT concentrations were significantly higher in patients with IBS than in healthy volunteers at 0.5 hours (p<0.05), 2 hours (p<0.05) and 2.5 hours (p<0.05). 5-HT was not detected in the plasma in the fasting state in patients or volunteers. Median peak 5-HT in patients with IBS (359 (198–796) nmol/l) was significantly greater than volunteers (83 (7–190)) (p<0.05). “Area under the curve” for 5-HT detection was greater for patients with IBS (317 (138–771)) than for healthy volunteers (51 (4–129); p<0.05).The duration of the 5-HT peak was significantly longer in patients with IBS (3 (1–3) hours) than in the healthy volunteers (1 (1–1) hours; p<0.01). Postprandial urinary median 5-HIAA values in controls (5.6 (5.5–5.8) μmol/mmol creatinine) and patients with IBS (3.0 (2.5–6.8) μmol/mmol creatinine) were not significantly different from preprandial values (controls: 5.9 (5.5–6.6) μmol/mmol creatinine; patients with IBS: (6.2 (2.4–9.3) μmol/mmol creatinine).Conclusion—These findings indicate that there may be a difference in the way that 5-HT is released in patients with diarrhoea predominant IBS, and could suggest a possible role for 5-HT in the postprandial symptoms of these patients.

scholarly journals Rectal Visceral Sensitivity in Women with Irritable Bowel Syndrome without Psychiatric Comorbidity Compared with Healthy Volunteers

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Signe Spetalen ◽  
Leiv Sandvik ◽  
Svein Blomhoff ◽  
Morten B. Jacobsen
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Comorbidity ◽  
Normal Pressure ◽  
Visceral Sensitivity ◽  
Staircase Method ◽  
Phobic Anxiety ◽  
Rectal Tone ◽  
Irritable Bowel

Background.Psychiatric comorbidity and visceral hypersensitivity are common in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), but little is known about visceral sensitivity in IBS patients without psychiatric disorders.Aim.We wanted to examine rectal visceral sensitivity in IBS patients without comorbid psychiatric disorders, IBS patients with phobic anxiety and healthy volunteers.Methods.A total of thirty-eight female, non-constipated IBS patients without psychiatric disorders and eleven female IBS patients with phobic anxiety were compared to nine healthy women using a barostat double random staircase method. The non-psychiatric patients were divided into those with diarrhoea predominant symptoms and those with alternating stool habits.Results.The IBS patients without psychiatric disorders had normal visceral pressure thresholds. However, in the diarrhoea predominant subgroup, the volume discomfort threshold was reduced while it was unchanged in those with alternating stool habits. The phobic IBS patients had similar thresholds to the healthy volunteers. The rectal tone was increased in the non-psychiatric IBS patients with diarrhoea predominant symptoms and in the IBS patients with phobic anxiety.Conclusions.Non-constipated IBS patients without psychiatric disorders had increased visceral sensitivity regarding volume thresholds but normal pressure thresholds. Our study suggests that the lowered volume threshold was due to increased rectal tone.

Defaecography in patients with irritable bowel syndrome and healthy volunteers

1997 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Awad ◽  
J. Martin ◽  
M. Guevara ◽  
R. Ramos ◽  
J. L. Noguera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Irritable Bowel

scholarly journals Determination of Dipicolinic Acid in “Natto” by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled With Postcolumn Photoirradiation With Zinc Acetate

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 117864691985212
Author(s):  
Ken-ichi Mawatari ◽  
Motomasa Atsumi ◽  
Fumiya Nakamura ◽  
Makoto Yasuda ◽  
Tomoko Fukuuchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Zinc Acetate ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Dipicolinic Acid ◽  
Reversed Phase ◽  
Fluorometric Detection ◽  
Disodium Hydrogen Phosphate ◽  
Citric Acid Buffer ◽  
Wet Weight

A system was developed for determining dipicolinic acid in “natto” using liquid chromatography with fluorometric detection. The compound was separated by reversed-phase chromatography using a mobile phase of 0.1 mol/L disodium hydrogen phosphate, 0.05 mol/L citric acid buffer (adjusted to pH 3.0) containing 3.0 mmol/L zinc acetate and 35 mmol/L perchloric acid. The compound in the column effluent was irradiated with ultraviolet light to produce fluorescence. This fluorescence was monitored at an excitation at 336 nm and an emission at 448 nm. The calibration curve for dipicolinic acid was observed to be linear in a range of 0.2 to 112 ng. The dipicolinic acid content of natto was 7.24 ± 0.54 mg/100 g (wet weight, mean ± standard deviation [SD], n = 6).

scholarly journals Ultrastructure of intestinal mucosa in diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome

2019 ◽  
Vol 106 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
D-Y Zhao ◽  
Q-Q Qi ◽  
X Long ◽  
X Li ◽  
F-X Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy ◽  
Bowel Habit ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Pathophysiological Mechanism ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Junctional Complexes ◽  
Irritable Bowel

Objectives Impaired intestinal barrier function has been demonstrated in the pathophysiology of diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D). This study aimed to describe the intestinal ultrastructural findings in the intestinal mucosal layer of IBS-D patients. Methods In total, 10 healthy controls and 10 IBS-D patients were analyzed in this study. The mucosa of each patient’s rectosigmoid colon was first assessed by confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE); next, biopsied specimens of these sites were obtained. Intestinal tissues of IBS-D patients and healthy volunteers were examined to observe cellular changes by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Results CLE showed no visible epithelial damage or inflammatory changes in the colonic mucosa of IBS-D compared with healthy volunteers. On transmission electron microscopic examination, patients with IBS-D displayed a larger apical intercellular distance with a higher proportion of dilated (>20 nm) intercellular junctional complexes, which was indicative of impaired mucosal integrity. In addition, microvillus exfoliation, extracellular vesicle as well as increased presence of multivesicular bodies were visible in IBS-D patients. Single epithelial cells appeared necrotic, as characterized by cytoplasmic vacuolization, cytoplasmic swelling, and presence of autolysosome. A significant association between bowel habit, frequency of abdominal pain, and enlarged intercellular distance was found. Conclusion This study showed ultrastructural alterations in the architecture of intestinal epithelial cells and intercellular junctional complexes in IBS-D patients, potentially representing a pathophysiological mechanism in IBS-D.

Liquid-chromatographic measurement of biopterin and neopterin in serum and urine

1990 ◽  
Vol 36 (7) ◽  
pp. 1364-1368 ◽  
Author(s):  
W E Slazyk ◽  
F W Spierto
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
High Performance Liquid Chromatographic ◽  
Reversed Phase ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
Fluorometric Detection ◽  
Preparation Step ◽  
Human Adults ◽  
Biopterin Synthesis ◽  
Liquid Chromatographic ◽  
Serum And Urine

Abstract We report an improved "high-performance" liquid-chromatographic (HPLC) method for measuring biopterin and neopterin in serum and urine. Specimens are acidified, treated with iodine in 0.2 mol/L trichloroacetic acid, party purified on Bio-Rad MP-50 cation-exchange columns, and analyzed by reversed-phase HPLC with fluorometric detection. The minimal concentration of biopterin detectable is 0.3 micrograms/L in a 50-microL injection. The total CV is less than or equal to 10%. Improvements over other reported methods include the use of a single, simplified sample-preparation step with a Baker-10 SPE System, and a guard column to increase analytical column stability and analyte recovery. The assay is semiautomated to reduce technician time and improve precision. Mean observed values for biopterin and neopterin in sera of normal human adults were 1.64 and 5.52 micrograms/L, respectively. The mean ratio of neopterin to biopterin in acidified adult urine samples was lower than that found in matched nonacidified samples (n = 10). Serum specimens from diagnosed phenylketonuric (PKU) and hyperphenylalaninemic patients were also analyzed for biopterin and neopterin; the findings agreed with reported values for similar patients. One patient, previously identified as an atypical PKU patient, showed serum values of neopterin and biopterin suggestive of a defect in biopterin synthesis.

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