scholarly journals Spatial organisation of microbiota in quiescent adenoiditis and tonsillitis

2006 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Swidsinski ◽  
O Goktas ◽  
C Bessler ◽  
V Loening-Baucke ◽  
L P Hale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Organisation

Continuity and change in housing and settlement patterns in post-earthquake Gujarat, India

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Erica Duyne Barenstein
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Spatial Organisation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Social Transformations ◽  
Continuity And Change ◽  
Efficiency Cost ◽  
Building Culture ◽  
Post Disaster

Purpose – This paper aims to examine people's strategies to regain control over the socio-spatial organisation of their villages and transform their agency-built houses in culturally meaningful places post-disaster. In the aftermath of a disaster, building processes are often taken over by external agencies whose approach towards reconstruction is governed by considerations such as safety, efficiency, cost-effectiveness and – in some cases – also by an explicit will to trigger social transformations. As a result, reconstruction often entails dramatic changes in settlement location and morphologies, housing designs, building materials and construction processes. Design/methodology/approach – Based on an ongoing interdisciplinary empirical research project focusing on communities’ patterns of adaptation to post-disaster relocated settlements in India, the paper examines people’s strategies to regain control over the socio-spatial organisation of their villages and to transform their agency-built houses in culturally meaningful places. Findings – The paper shows that people are not passive recipients of external agencies’ often culturally insensitive project and that they have the capacity to transform externally imposed notions of appropriate housing to meet their cultural- and livelihood-specific needs. Based on a micro-level case study of a village in Gujarat, it is argued that underestimating communities’ capacity to rebuild their own houses and villages and the failure to recognise the inherent functionality of local housing and building culture often entail not only missing the opportunity to enhance their resilience but also, in some cases, may lead to increasing their vulnerability. Originality/value – This paper presents a rare example of longitudinal research, calling attention to the long-term impacts of post-disaster reconstruction. It is of particular interest to scholars and humanitarian agencies concerned about the social consequences of relocation and reconstruction after natural disasters.

The new towns around Paris 40 years later: New dynamic centralities or suburbs facing risk of marginalisation?

Urban Studies ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 862-877 ◽  
Author(s):  
Didier Desponds ◽  
Elizabeth Auclair
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Urban Policy ◽  
Master Plan ◽  
Spatial Organisation ◽  
New Towns ◽  
The Past ◽  
Urban Amenities ◽  
Economic Weight ◽  
Paris Region ◽  
The 1960S

Launched in the middle of the 1960s, the Paris region master plan (SDAU de la région Parisienne) deeply changed the structure of the largest French agglomeration: five new towns were created in order to solve various problems in terms of urban amenities and economic development. Located in the urban fringes, they were supposed to help reorganise the whole agglomeration following a polycentric model. This decision was a strong break with the past for this very monocentric city of Paris. At first, the success of the project depended directly on State support. After that, the new towns became more autonomous, generating their own attractiveness. Forty years later, even if the process is not yet totally finished, it is possible to evaluate the consequences of this vast scheme. To begin with, the demographic weight of the new towns is not as important as initially expected: in 2010, they represented 7.9% of the population of the whole agglomeration. Their economic weight is similar, representing less than 7.7% of the agglomeration. Nevertheless, the new towns concentrate a large quantity of diversified jobs and they succeed in attracting firms in different activity sectors, even if each of them does not present the same advantages. These elements tend to show that the new towns have partly reached their initial goals. Consequently, the new towns have contributed in improving the socio-spatial organisation of the Paris suburbs. However, the recent urban policy for the Paris agglomeration called the ‘Grand Paris’ does not integrate the new towns, and this raises many questions for the future of these territories.

PATTERNS OF HYDROPHOBICITY FOUND IN THE FIRST AND SECOND TRANSMEMBRANE DOMAINS OF SOLUTE TRANSPORTERS SUGGEST A POSSIBLE ROLE IN NASCENT PROTEIN ANCHORING AND ORGANIZATION

2011 ◽  
Vol 09 (04) ◽  
pp. 471-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
STEVE HODGKINSON ◽  
WOLFGANG P. KASCHKA
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Alpha Helix ◽  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
Transmembrane Domains ◽  
Integral Membrane Proteins ◽  
Challenging Problem ◽  
Functional Protein ◽  
Spatial Organisation ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Solute Transporters

Solute transporters (STs) are an important subgroup of integral membrane proteins that facilitate the translocation of a diverse range of solutes such as sugars, amino acids, and neurotransmitters across cell membranes. Sequence analysis indicates that STs possess multiple stretches of hydrophobic-rich amino acids that are organized into the transmembrane domains (TMDs) of the functional protein, but exactly how the correct spatial arrangement of these domains is achieved remains a challenging problem. We hypothesized that perhaps differences in interdomain hydrophobicity might play some role in this process. To test this hypothesis, we generated a heptadic model of the alpha helix and mapped the average hydrophobicities (coaxial) and hydrophobic moments (radial) of 108 TMDs found in 9 different human ST proteins. Our results, taken together with earlier work from other groups, suggest that spatial patterns of hydrophobicity found in TMDs 1 and 2 are consistent with a role for these domains in the initial anchoring of the nascent ST protein to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), as it emerges from the ribosome complex and perhaps in the subsequent spatial organisation of STs.

No longer raising eyebrows: The contexts and domestication of Botox as a mundane medical and cultural artefact

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 887-909 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peta S. Cook ◽  
Angela Dwyer
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Capital ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Cosmetic Surgery ◽  
Social Practice ◽  
Feminist Critique ◽  
Spatial Organisation ◽  
Cosmetic Procedure ◽  
Cultural Artefact ◽  
Botulinum Neurotoxins ◽  
Enhancement Technologies

Cosmetic enhancement technologies have been subject to extended sociological and feminist critique, but botulinum neurotoxins (Botox) have been sidelined in this discussion. This has occurred despite Botox’s popularity and accessibility as a non-surgical cosmetic procedure. While Botox shares many similarities with cosmetic enhancement technologies such as cosmetic surgery, we argue that the fields and the socio-spatial organisation of Botox – where Botox is performed and by whom, which we collectively call contextual Botox – not only differentiate it from other cosmetic enhancement technologies but expose how Botox has gone beyond normalisation to become hypernormalised, a domesticated, mundane technology that has largely disappeared into the flows and routines of everyday life. In addition, Botox is a distinct medical and social practice that is multifaceted, being determined by the contexts in which it is found and the forms of cultural capital therein. It is for these reasons, in addition to being the most popular form of cosmetic enhancement, that Botox should be critically scrutinised.

On the multiscale quantification of fracture network geometry from lineament maps of crystalline basement units

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Ceccato ◽  
Giulia Tartaglia ◽  
Giulio Viola ◽  
Marco Antonellini
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Scaling Laws ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Fracture Network ◽  
Crystalline Basement ◽  
Fracture Networks ◽  
Spatial Organisation ◽  
Robust Analysis ◽  
Network Properties

<p>Fractured crystalline basement units are attracting increasing attention as potential unconventional reservoirs for natural (oil, heat and water) resources and as potential waste (nuclear, CO<sub>2</sub>) disposal sites. The focus of the current efforts is the characterisation of the structural permeability of fractured crystalline basement units, which is primarily related to the geology, geometry, and spatial characteristics of fracture networks. Fracture network properties may be scale–dependent or independent. Thus, a multi–scale characterisation of fracture networks is usually recommended to quantify the scale–variability of properties and, eventually, the related predictive scaling laws. Fracture lineament maps are schematic representations of fracture distributions obtained from either manual or automated interpretation of 2D digital models of the earth surface at different scales. From the quantitative analysis on fracture lineament maps, we can retrieve invaluable information on the scale–dependence of fracture network properties.</p><p>Here we present the results of the quantification of fracture network and fracture set properties (orientation, length, spacing, spatial organisation) from multi– (outcrop to regional) scale 2D lineament maps of two crystalline basement study areas of Western Norway (Bømlo island and Kråkenes). Lineament maps were obtained from the manual interpretation of orthophotos and 2D digital terrain models retrieved from UAV–drone and LiDAR surveys.</p><p>Analyses aimed at the quantification of: (i) scaling laws for fracture length cumulative distributions, defined through a statistically–robust fitting method (Maximum Likelihood Estimations coupled with Kolmogorov–Smirnov tests); (ii) variability of orientation sets as a function of scale; (iii) spatial organisation of fracture sets among scales; (iv) fractal characteristics of fracture networks (fractal exponent). Results suggest that: (i) a statistical analysis considering variable censoring and truncation effects allows to confidently define the best–fitting scaling laws; (ii) the analysis of orientation variability of fracture sets among different scales may provide important constraints about the geometrical complexity of fracture and fault zones; (iii) the statistical analysis of 2D spacing variability and fracture intensity can be adopted to quantify fracture spatial organisation at different scales.</p><p>A statistically robust analysis of the scaling laws, length distributions, spacing, and spatial organisation of lineaments on 2D maps provides reliable results also where only partial or incomplete dataset/lineament maps are available. Such properties are the fundamental input parameters for conceptual (geologic) and numerical (discrete fracture network, DFN) models of fractured crystalline basement reservoirs. Therefore, a statistically robust analysis of fracture lineament maps may help to improve the accuracy of conceptual and numerical models.</p>

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