Methodological approaches to increasing the flooding system efficiency at the later stage of reservoir development

Based on the analysis of the efficiency of CVI.1 and CVI.2 oil reservoirs development, which partially coincide in structural terms, and the terrigenous strata of the Lower Carboniferous of one of Volga-Ural oil and gas province oil fields, an algorithm for assessing the efficiency of waterflooding was proposed, which takes into account the geological structure of the facility, the results of core and geophysical well surveys, as well as the historical performance of wells. The presented algorithm makes it possible to identify ineffective injection directions for making decisions on waterflooding system optimizing. The effect is the identified potential to cut costs by reducing inefficient injection, as well as identifying areas for the introduction of enhanced oil recovery techniques. Keywords: field development; reservoir pressure maintenance system; waterflooding efficiency; cost reduction.

Adoption Pathways for DC Power Distribution in Buildings

Driven by the proliferation of DC energy sources and DC end-use devices (e.g., photovoltaics, battery storage, solid-state lighting, and consumer electronics), DC power distribution in buildings has recently emerged as a path to improved efficiency, resilience, and cost savings in the transitioning building sector. Despite these important benefits, there are several technological and market barriers impeding the development of DC distribution, which have kept this technology at the demonstration phase. This paper identifies specific end-use cases for which DC distribution in buildings is viable today. We evaluate their technology and market readiness, as well as their efficiency, cost, and resiliency benefits while addressing implementation barriers. The paper starts with a technology review, followed by a comprehensive market assessment, in which we analyze DC distribution field deployments and their end-use characteristics. We also conduct a survey of DC power and building professionals through on-site visits and phone interviews and summarize lessons learned and recommendations. In addition, the paper includes a novel efficiency analysis, in which we quantify energy savings from DC distribution for different end-use categories. Based on our findings, we present specific adoption pathways for DC in buildings that can be implemented today, and for each pathway we identify challenges and offer recommendations for the research and building community.

The Merit-based Incentive Payment System: Pearson’s Chi-Square and Categorical Dependent Variable Models Analyzed for Domains—Effective Clinical Care and Efficiency/Cost Reduction

Background: Following the 2015 repeal of the Sustainable Growth Rate formula, the US Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services’ formula under which physicians were reimbursed, two payment systems were put in place to incentivize physicians, one of which was the Merit-based Incentive Payment System (MIPS). MIPS emphasizes high-quality care that is accessible, affordable, and supports a healthier population. Objectives: This research aims to measure characteristics of MIPS relevant to National Quality Strategy (NQS) domains, quality measure types, and clinical specialties; categorize MIPS with NQS domains and quality measure types by MIPS specialty types; and quantify the relationship between MIPS specialties, measure types, and two NQS domains, Effective Clinical Care (ECC) and Efficiency/Cost Reduction (E/CR), for years 2017 through 2020. Methodology: The Pearson’s chi-square test examined distributions of the analyzed categorical variables. The Categorical Dependent Variable Method examined the association between the dependent and independent variables. Results: The Pearson’s chi-square test showed statistically significant distributions between ECC and E/CR when analyzed with the types of quality measures. There were more process measures (93.81% vs 89.64% [P=.000]) in 2018 versus 2017. This changed minutely with significantly less process measures (93.75% vs 93.81% [P=.000]) in 2019 versus 2018. Finally, measure types changed minutely but significantly with less process measures (93.81% vs 93.75% [P=.000]) in 2020 versus 2019. The regression model showed that ECC was significantly associated with outcome measures through all analyzed years of this research. Conclusion: The above findings show scope for including additional outcome measures, given its importance in MIPS. There is potential to increase the percentage allocation for reporting more outcome measures in quality. This re-allotment infers reporting more outcome measures aligning with priority outcome measures (PROMs). Re-allocating the incentive formula to report more outcome measures aligned with PROMs shows potential to increase reporting of more outcome measures under MIPS.

Optimization of wind solar and battery hybrid renewable system using backtrack search algorithm

<p>Penetration of renewable sources to the grid is always a problem for electrical engineers, apart from reliability and efficiency, cost optimization is also a big concern among them. Wind, solar and battery hybrid combinations (WSB-HPS) are also very common among hybrid systems, but this WSBHPS combines wind and solar energy power generation reduces the charge and discharge time of the battery. Therefore, this system improves the reliability of the power supply by fully utilizing the wind and solar power generation and improves the charging and discharging state of the battery and hence reduces the whole cost as the investment in battery is reduced. backtrack search algorithm (BSA) is the highly efficient and powerful algorithm to solve combinatorial optimization problems. In this paper an attempt is made to optimize the hybrid combination using BSA in the matrix laboratory (MATLAB) environment and comparable study is made using HOMER. A complete optimised data is generated for a particular area in Manipur and reduced cost is suggested.</p>

Determination of the relevant multibeam echosounder frequency to estimate the suspended sediment concentrations for environmental damage monitoring of mass movement

The problem of environmental damages in the river area can transform the morphology and threaten the ecosystem in it with one of the causes being natural factors such as suspended sediment. Retracing the medium form is fluid, the common instrument to determine the condition of the area is a sound wave-based instrument such as a multibeam echosounder. Considering the improvement of multibeam echosounder which can acquire areas using many frequencies at one time, noted as multi-frequency multibeam echosounder, now its application can reach various fields including environmental monitoring. Factors that can be considered in its practice include time efficiency, cost, and notably the accuracy of the data result. By converting the results of the acquisition into an estimate of the concentration of suspended sediment and integrating the results from several frequencies, it will be established the applicable frequency usage. It was concluded that a multibeam echosounder with a frequency of 450 kHz was recommended in a case study to determine the concentration of suspended sediment. This is supported by a correlation value of 89.18% or a very high correlation.

Renewable Energy Industry: Challenges and Development Opportunities

The development features of the renewable energy industry in solar and wind generation sectors, both characterized by their high manufacturability and equipment and components export potential and their extremely low production scale have been presented. The issues in relation to the solar and wind resources efficiency, cost reduction of solar and wind generation, electricity production technologies by increased application of the international practices have been studied.

EFISIENSI TEKNIS, STRUKTUR BIAYA, DAN PENDAPATAN PENANGKARAN BENIH PADI INBRIDA DI KECAMATAN BUMI RATU NUBAN KABUPATEN LAMPUNG TENGAH

The purposes of this research are analyze technical efficiency, factors that affecting technical efficiency, cost structure, break even point, and income of inbred rice seed breeding. Furthermore, this research uses a survey method. The location of the research is chosen purposively in Bumi Ratu Nuban Subdistrict Central Lampung Regency as consideration that there are active and sustainable groups of farmer on inbred rice seed breeding. It should be noted that the number of respondent is 44 farmers which are collected randomly. Additionally, this research was conducted since August-September 2019. The analytical method uses frontier production function, multiple linear regression model, independent sample t-test, cost structure, break even point, and income analysis. The result shows that the level of technical efficiency is quiet efficient by 78.13 percent. Factors that significantly affecting technical efficiency are farming cost, revenue, capital, and land ownership status. The biggest cost component of cost structure for total cost is labor cost by 46.29 percent. Finally, the inbred rice seed breeding is profitable, because BEP value is smaller than revenue, production, and price that obtained by farmers and R/C for total cost is more than 1.Key words: cost structure, inbred rice seed breeding, income, technical efficiency

A Welfare Analysis on GM Crop Market Structures and Existing Regulations

Since their introduction in 1994, genetically modified (GM) crops have become a major sector of the agricultural industry in developing and developed countries. Despite this, many economic concerns have arisen regarding how governments regulate GM crops. These concerns have caused countries to ban GM crop usage, which has proven to be detrimental for national and international economies. This paper outlines the economic advantages of GM crop production and usage and surveys the current inefficiencies in the regulation of GM crops through a review on existing literature. It notes the increased farming efficiency, cost effectiveness, and rise in income for developing countries resulting from GM crop production and usage. It then considers why many of the listed potential benefits are unrealized, particularly due to the excessive market power given to GM seed producers, high barriers of entry into the GM market due to biosafety procedures, utility patents, and international trade asymmetries. Finally, the discussion section of the paper poses potential solutions by describing methods to efficiently regulate GM crops and suggesting possible areas of further research. The objective of this paper is to inform readers with minimal economic understanding of the potential economic benefits of GM crops and aid them in recognizing the optimal ways to regulate them.

Experimental implementation of a context-aware prosumer

This paper reports an experimental implementation of a flexible prosumer that adapts its behavior according to occupants’ objectives and system operator’s request. Model predictive control is incorporated into an existing building energy management system such that the energy management system can achieve user-defined objectives while quantifying energetic flexibility to support a stable and efficient system operation. Context-awareness is demonstrated through a series of experiments with energy efficiency, cost reduction, and carbon footprint reduction as occupants’ objectives. Besides, the flexibility of the prosumer is quantified in real-time and communicated to system operators. The results show occupants’ comfort and preference can be sufficiently guaranteed. Moreover, the flexibility quantification shows that the energy management system has considerable impacts on the levels of available flexibility.

Adsorption, Equilibrium Isotherm, and Thermodynamic Studies towards the Removal of Reactive Orange 16 Dye Using Cu(I)-Polyaninile Composite

To overcome some of the limitations of activated carbon like efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and reusability, the present work deals with Cu(I)-based polyaniline (PANI) composite for the removal of reactive orange 16 (RO16) dye. Following the synthesis and characterization of formed Cu(I)-PANI composite, the batch experiments performed for the removal of RO16 dye indicated that the composite has the capacity to reduce the coloring from RO16. The experiments were conducted for the study of effects against changes in pH, time, and dose at room temperature, where we observed for a pH impact on the dye adsorption capacity in the range of 2–12. Among all, the optimal RO16 removal was found to be 94.77% at a pH of 4 and in addition, the adsorption kinetics confirmed to be pseudo-second-order with more suitability towards the Langmuir isotherm, where it is presumed to be the formation of a monolayer of dye molecule at the homogeneous absorbent surface. The calculated maximum capacity, qm, determined from the Langmuir model was 392.156 mg/g. Further application of isotherms to attain thermodynamic parameters, a slight positive value of S° for RO16 adsorption was observed, meaning that there is an increased randomness in the irregular pattern at the specific Cu(I)-PANI interface for an adsorption process. This mechanism plays an essential role in maintaining the effects of water pollution; and, based on the analysis therefore, it is prominent that the Cu(I)-PANI composite can be employed as a promising and economical adsorbent for the treatment of RO16 and other dye molecules from the sewage in wastewater.