Correction: Galectin-9-based immune risk score model helps to predict relapse in stage I–III small cell lung cancer

BackgroundFor small cell lung cancer (SCLC) therapy, immunotherapy might have unique advantages to some extent. Galectin-9 (Gal-9) plays an important role in antitumor immunity, while little is known of its function in SCLC.Materials and methodsBy mean of immunohistochemistry (IHC), we tested the expression level of Gal-9 and other immune markers on both tumor cells and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in 102 surgical-resected early stage SCLC clinical samples. On the basis of statistical analysis and machine learning results, the Gal-9-based immune risk score model was constructed and its predictive performance was evaluated. Then, we thoroughly explored the effects of Gal-9 and immune risk score on SCLC immune microenvironment and immune infiltration in different cohorts and platforms.ResultsIn the SCLC cohort for IHC, the expression level of Gal-9 on TILs was statistically correlated with the levels of program death-1 (p=0.001), program death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) (p<0.001), CD3 (p<0.001), CD4 (p<0.001), CD8 (p<0.001), and FOXP3 (p=0.047). High Gal-9 protein expression on TILs indicated better recurrence-free survival (30.4 months, 95% CI: 23.7–37.1 vs 39.4 months, 95% CI: 31.6–47.3, p=0.009). The immune risk score model which consisted of Gal-9 on TILs, CD4, and PD-L1 on TILs was established and validated so as to differentiate high-risk or low-risk patients with SCLC. The prognostic predictive performance of immune risk score model was better than single immune biomarker (area under the curve 0.671 vs 0.621–0.644). High Gal-9-related enrichment pathways in SCLC were enriched in immune system diseases and rheumatic disease. Furthermore, we found that patients with SCLC with low immune risk score presented higher fractions of activated memory CD4 T cells than patients with high immune risk score (p=0.048).ConclusionsGal-9 is markedly related to tumor-immune microenvironment and immune infiltration in SCLC. This study emphasized the predictive value and promising clinical applications of Gal-9 in stage I–III SCLC.

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A fourteen-lncRNA risk score system for prognostic prediction of patients with non-small cell lung cancer

Cancer Biomarkers ◽

10.3233/cbm-190505 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 29 (4) ◽

pp. 493-508

Author(s):

Jia-Yi Song ◽

Xiao-Ping Li ◽

Xiu-Jiao Qin ◽

Jing-Dong Zhang ◽

Jian-Yu Zhao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Overall Survival ◽

Small Cell Lung Cancer ◽

Risk Score ◽

Cell Lung Cancer ◽

Small Cell ◽

Small Cell Lung ◽

Cox Regression Analysis ◽

Score Model ◽

Nsclc Patients

Growing evidence has underscored long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) serving as potential biomarkers for cancer prognosis. However, systematic tracking of a lncRNA signature for prognosis prediction in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has not been accomplished yet. Here, comprehensive analysis with differential gene expression analysis, univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database was performed to identify the lncRNA signature for prediction of the overall survival of NSCLC patients. A risk-score model based on a 14-lncRNA signature was identified, which could classify patients into high-risk and low-risk groups and show poor and improved outcomes, respectively. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve revealed that the risk-score model has good performance with high AUC value. Multivariate Cox’s regression model and stratified analysis indicated that the risk-score was independent of other clinicopathological prognostic factors. Furthermore, the risk-score model was competent for the prediction of metastasis-free survival in NSCLC patients. Moreover, the risk-score model was applicable for prediction of the overall survival in the other 30 caner types of TCGA. Our study highlighted the significant implications of lncRNAs as prognostic predictors in NSCLC. We hope the lncRNA signature could contribute to personalized therapy decisions in the future.

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Patterns of failure after stereotactic body radiation therapy or lobar resection for clinical stage I non-small-cell lung cancer.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.717974145.793470500 ◽

2013 ◽

Author(s):

Paul Van Schil

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Radiation Therapy ◽

Small Cell Lung Cancer ◽

Cell Lung Cancer ◽

Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy ◽

Clinical Stage ◽

Small Cell ◽

Stage I ◽

Small Cell Lung ◽

Patterns Of Failure

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Adjuvant chemotherapy for elderly patients with stage I non-small-cell lung cancer ≥4 cm in size: an SEER-Medicare analysis.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.725319285.793504410 ◽

2015 ◽

Author(s):

Paul Van Schil

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Adjuvant Chemotherapy ◽

Elderly Patients ◽

Small Cell Lung Cancer ◽

Cell Lung Cancer ◽

Small Cell ◽

Stage I ◽

Small Cell Lung

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Adjuvant chemotherapy for elderly patients with stage I non-small-cell lung cancer ≥4 cm in size: an SEER-Medicare analysis.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.725319285.793505174 ◽

2015 ◽

Author(s):

Adolfo Favaretto

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Adjuvant Chemotherapy ◽

Elderly Patients ◽

Small Cell Lung Cancer ◽

Cell Lung Cancer ◽

Small Cell ◽

Stage I ◽

Small Cell Lung

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Preoperative nivolumab to evaluate pathological response in patients with stage I non-small cell lung cancer: a study protocol of phase II trial (POTENTIAL)

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2020-043234 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. e043234

Author(s):

Atsushi Kagimoto ◽

Yasuhiro Tsutani ◽

Takahiro Mimae ◽

Yoshihiro Miyata ◽

Norihiko Ikeda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

High Risk ◽

Small Cell Lung Cancer ◽

Cell Lung Cancer ◽

Phase Ii Trial ◽

Clinical Stage ◽

Small Cell ◽

Pathological Response ◽

Stage I ◽

Small Cell Lung

IntroductionRecently, inhibition of programmed cell death 1 or its ligand has shown therapeutic effects on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the effectiveness of preoperative nivolumab monotherapy for stage I NSCLC remains unknown. The present study aimed to investigate the pathological response of preoperative treatment with nivolumab for clinically node negative but having a high risk of NSCLC recurrence.Methods and analysisThe Preoperative Nivolumab (Opdivo) to evaluate pathologic response in patients with stage I non-small cell lung cancer: a phase 2 trial (POTENTIAL) study is a multicentre phase II trial investigating efficacy of preoperative nivolumab for clinical stage I patients at high risk of recurrence. This study includes histologically or cytologically confirmed NSCLC patients with clinical N0 who were found on preoperative high-resolution CT to have a pure solid tumour without a ground-glass opacity component (clinical T1b, T1c or T2a) or a solid component measuring 2–4 cm in size (clinical T1c or T2a). Patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation (deletion of exon 19 or point mutation on exon21, L858R), anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) translocation or c-ros oncogene 1 (ROS-1) translocation are excluded from this study. Nivolumab (240 mg/body) is administrated intravenously as preoperative therapy every 2 weeks for three cycles. Afterward, lobectomy and mediastinal lymph node dissection (ND 2a-1 or ND 2a-2) are performed. The primary endpoint is a pathological complete response in the resected specimens. The secondary endpoints are safety, response rates and major pathological response. The planed sample size is 50 patients. Patients have been enrolled since April 2019.Ethics and disseminationThis trial was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Hiroshima University Hospital and other participating institutions. This trial will help examine the efficacy of preoperative nivolumab therapy for clinical stage I NSCLC.Trial registration numberjRCT2061180016.

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Trends and variations in treatment of stage I-III non-small cell lung cancer from 2008-2018: a nationwide population-based study from the Netherlands

Lung Cancer ◽

10.1016/j.lungcan.2021.03.013 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jelle Evers ◽

Katrien de Jaeger ◽

Lizza E.L. Hendriks ◽

Maurice van der Sangen ◽

Chris Terhaard ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

The Netherlands ◽

Small Cell Lung Cancer ◽

Cell Lung Cancer ◽

Population Based ◽

Small Cell ◽

Stage I ◽

Small Cell Lung ◽

Population Based Study

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Surgery in Small-Cell Lung Cancer

Cancers ◽

10.3390/cancers13030390 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 390

Author(s):

Nicola Martucci ◽

Alessandro Morabito ◽

Antonello La Rocca ◽

Giuseppe De Luca ◽

Rossella De Cecio ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Small Cell Lung Cancer ◽

Cell Lung Cancer ◽

Early Stage ◽

Small Cell ◽

Stage I ◽

Phase Iii ◽

Small Cell Lung ◽

Early Stage Disease ◽

Stage Disease

Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is one of the most aggressive tumors, with a rapid growth and early metastases. Approximately 5% of SCLC patients present with early-stage disease (T1,2 N0M0): these patients have a better prognosis, with a 5-year survival up to 50%. Two randomized phase III studies conducted in the 1960s and the 1980s reported negative results with surgery in SCLC patients with early-stage disease and, thereafter, surgery has been largely discouraged. Instead, several subsequent prospective studies have demonstrated the feasibility of a multimodality approach including surgery before or after chemotherapy and followed in most studies by thoracic radiotherapy, with a 5-year survival probability of 36–63% for patients with completely resected stage I SCLC. These results were substantially confirmed by retrospective studies and by large, population-based studies, conducted in the last 40 years, showing the benefit of surgery, particularly lobectomy, in selected patients with early-stage SCLC. On these bases, the International Guidelines recommend a surgical approach in selected stage I SCLC patients, after adequate staging: in these cases, lobectomy with mediastinal lymphadenectomy is considered the standard approach. In all cases, surgery can be offered only as part of a multimodal treatment, which includes chemotherapy with or without radiotherapy and after a proper multidisciplinary evaluation.

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