scholarly journals Future of clinical leadership: the critical role of front-line doctors

BMJ Leader ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 33-35
Author(s):  
Amit Nigam ◽  
Minjie Gao
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Service Improvement ◽  
Leadership Roles ◽  
Front Line ◽  
High Performing ◽  
Leadership Potential ◽  
Professional Groups ◽  
Critical Leadership

While people usually associate leadership with people with formal authority over organisations, front-line doctors play critical leadership roles today. We survey empirical studies in top management journals that speak to the role of front-line doctors in the implementation of service improvement initiatives. Front-line doctors can both drive and block change from within their organisations. In addition, doctors play critical roles in leading across professional groups, coordinating the input and work of different professionals. The leadership roles of front-line doctors can impact whether and how health systems improve and learn and how they perform. Harnessing the productive leadership potential of front-line doctors today is critical to creating a high-performing, sustainable healthcare system.

scholarly journals Adaptive social networks promote the wisdom of crowds

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (21) ◽  
pp. 11379-11386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah Almaatouq ◽  
Alejandro Noriega-Campero ◽  
Abdulrahman Alotaibi ◽  
P. M. Krafft ◽  
Mehdi Moussaid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Collective Intelligence ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Structural Connectivity ◽  
Behavioral Experiments ◽  
Adaptation Mechanism ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
High Performing ◽  
Initial Belief

Social networks continuously change as new ties are created and existing ones fade. It is widely acknowledged that our social embedding has a substantial impact on what information we receive and how we form beliefs and make decisions. However, most empirical studies on the role of social networks in collective intelligence have overlooked the dynamic nature of social networks and its role in fostering adaptive collective intelligence. Therefore, little is known about how groups of individuals dynamically modify their local connections and, accordingly, the topology of the network of interactions to respond to changing environmental conditions. In this paper, we address this question through a series of behavioral experiments and supporting simulations. Our results reveal that, in the presence of plasticity and feedback, social networks can adapt to biased and changing information environments and produce collective estimates that are more accurate than their best-performing member. To explain these results, we explore two mechanisms: 1) a global-adaptation mechanism where the structural connectivity of the network itself changes such that it amplifies the estimates of high-performing members within the group (i.e., the network “edges” encode the computation); and 2) a local-adaptation mechanism where accurate individuals are more resistant to social influence (i.e., adjustments to the attributes of the “node” in the network); therefore, their initial belief is disproportionately weighted in the collective estimate. Our findings substantiate the role of social-network plasticity and feedback as key adaptive mechanisms for refining individual and collective judgments.

The Role of Natural Disaster Insurance in Recovery and Risk Reduction

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 399-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn Kousky
Keyword(s):  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Natural Disaster ◽  
Climate Adaptation ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Insurance Coverage ◽  
Hazard Mitigation ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Disaster Insurance

Natural disaster losses have been increasing worldwide. Insurance is thought to play a critical role in improving resilience to these events by both promoting recovery and providing incentives for investments in hazard mitigation. This review first examines the functioning of disaster insurance markets broadly and then turns to reviewing empirical studies on the role of natural disaster insurance in recovery and the impacts of disaster insurance on incentives for ex ante hazard mitigation and land use. Rigorous empirical work on these topics is limited. The work that has been done suggests that insurance coverage does improve recovery outcomes, but impacts on risk reduction may be modest. More studies comparing outcomes across insured and uninsured properties are needed, particularly for better understanding the role of insurance in climate adaptation.

scholarly journals Linking smallholder producers to high-value markets through vegetable producer cooperatives in Cambodia

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Bunthan Tray ◽  
Elena Garnevska ◽  
Nicola Shadbolt
Keyword(s):  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Traditional Markets ◽  
Vegetable Farming ◽  
Vegetable Farm

Modern retail markets have grown in Cambodia, but vegetable growers are unlikely to gain benefits from these high value markets (HVMs). Producer cooperatives (PCs) could play a critical role in linking smallholder farmers to HVMs. The purpose of this paper is: (1) to examine the role of PCs in linking vegetable producers to HVMs; and (2) analyse the factors affecting successful participation in HVMs. This study applied a mixed methods approach to PCs selling the members’ vegetables to HVMs (PC-HVMs), and PCs selling members’ vegetables to traditional markets (TMs) only (PC-TMs). Both groups of PCs provided services to their members (e.g. input, financial, extension services). However, the content and quality of these services were different. PC-TMs emphasised only on support linked to production, while PC-HVMs focused on both production and marketing support. This study indicated that vegetable farming experience, total vegetable produce, and average vegetable prices had a statistically significant influence on producers’ participation in HVMs. However, vegetable farm size showed a negatively significant effect on participation in HVMs. As one of the very few empirical studies on PCs in Cambodia the research provides valuable context for further studies. It has developed and tested a framework for analysing the factors affecting successful participation in HVMs and provides an explanation of why some PCs can successfully participate in HVMs.

scholarly journals Adsorption space for microporous polymers with diverse adsorbate species

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dylan M. Anstine ◽  
Dai Tang ◽  
David S. Sholl ◽  
Coray M. Colina
Keyword(s):  
Critical Role ◽  
Fractional Free Volume ◽  
Simulation Data ◽  
High Performing ◽  
Microporous Polymers ◽  
As Adsorption ◽  
Polymers Of Intrinsic Microporosity ◽  
Intrinsic Microporosity ◽  
Enormous Number

AbstractThe enormous number of combinations of adsorbing molecules and porous materials that exist is known as adsorption space. The adsorption space for microporous polymers has not yet been systematically explored, especially when compared with efforts for crystalline adsorbents. We report molecular simulation data for the adsorptive and structural properties of polymers of intrinsic microporosity with a diverse set of adsorbate species with 345 distinct adsorption isotherms and over 240,000 fresh and swollen structures. These structures and isotherms were obtained using a sorption-relaxation technique that accounts for the critical role of flexibility of the polymeric adsorbents. This enables us to introduce a set of correlations that can estimate adsorbent swelling and fractional free volume dilation as a function of adsorbate uptake based on readily characterized properties. The separation selectivity of the 276 distinct binary molecular pairs in our data is reported and high-performing adsorbent systems are identified.

The Use of New Data Sources in Archival Accounting Research: Implications to Accounting Information Systems and Emerging Technologies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Cong ◽  
Hui Du
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Emerging Technologies ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Accounting Information ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Accounting Information Systems ◽  
General Business

We explore the connections from phenomena to new data and from data to theories. While starting with philosophical perspectives from positive economic theory to positive accounting theory, we emphasize the relevance and importance of new data sources to archival research in accounting and the implications to research in accounting information systems and emerging technologies. We present a number of studies in accounting that exemplify the critical role of data in the discovery of theories from phenomena. We argue that data in conventional empirical studies limit methodology to require assumptions and complex econometric treatments for general business settings. Therefore, recent development in "big data" and data analytics, particularly, the improved data availability from a variety of new sources have made strong research designs possible. We provide evidence that 88% of the JIS and 100% of the JETA empirical archival publications in the recent two years used new data sources.

scholarly journals On the Front Line of the Circular Economy: The Entrepreneurial, Identity and Institutional Work of a Female Entrepreneur towards the Circular Transition

2021 ◽  
pp. 095001702110430
Author(s):  
Ödül Bozkurt ◽  
Mirela Xheneti ◽  
Vicky
Keyword(s):  
Circular Economy ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Front Line ◽  
Institutional Work ◽  
Alternative Approach ◽  
Female Entrepreneur

This article traces the experiences of Vicky, a female entrepreneur who runs a circular business that produces swim and activewear from regenerated fishing nets. The idea of a circular economy, which moves away from the linear economic model based on a make-use-dispose logic towards the elimination of waste and a sustainable use of the world’s resources, has rapidly gained popularity. Vicky’s story highlights the often overlooked but critical role of small businesses and their owners in this systemic change. Vicky performs three intertwined but distinct forms of work – entrepreneurial work on the business, identity work on the self and institutional work on the wider world – that all contribute to the circular transition. At the same time, Vicky exemplifies an alternative approach to entrepreneurship through a relational interpretation of circularity. Her case draws attention to how the labour of actors in the grassroots propels large-scale transitions.

The Role of the SLP in Autism Spectrum Disorder Screening and Assessment

2008 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Philofsky
Keyword(s):  
Language Development ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Children With Asd ◽  
Prevalence Estimates ◽  
Notable Increase ◽  
Screening Assessment ◽  
Critical Components

AbstractRecent prevalence estimates for autism have been alarming as a function of the notable increase. Speech-language pathologists play a critical role in screening, assessment and intervention for children with autism. This article reviews signs that may be indicative of autism at different stages of language development, and discusses the importance of several psychometric properties—sensitivity and specificity—in utilizing screening measures for children with autism. Critical components of assessment for children with autism are reviewed. This article concludes with examples of intervention targets for children with ASD at various levels of language development.

A critical role of iNOS-derived Nitric Oxide (NO) and progesterone in implantation

1998 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 115A-115A
Author(s):  
K CHWALISZ ◽  
E WINTERHAGER ◽  
T THIENEL ◽  
R GARFIELD
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Critical Role
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