“Sometimes You Get Good Ones, and Sometimes You Get Not-so-Good Ones”: Vendors’ and Consumers’ Strategies to Identify and Mitigate Food Safety Risks in Urban Nigeria

This paper uses detailed data from in-depth interviews with consumers (n = 47) and vendors (n = 37) in three traditional markets in Birnin Kebbi, Nigeria. We used observations from those markets to examine how consumers and vendors identify and avoid or manage food safety risks and whom they hold responsible and trust when it comes to ensuring food safety. At the level of the vendor, consumers mentioned seeking “clean” or “neat” vendors or stalls. Cleanliness was primarily related to the appearance of the vendor, stall, and surroundings; reliance on trusted, known vendors was also noted. Food products themselves were largely evaluated based on visual cues: insects, holes, and colors—with some reliance on smell, also. Similarly, vendors assessed safety of food from suppliers based on a visual assessment or reliance on trusted relationships. On the second research question, both consumers and vendors largely placed responsibility for ensuring food safety on government; when asked specifically, consumers also named specific steps that vendors could take to ensure food safety. Consumers and vendors also generally felt that they could limit many food safety risks through identifying the “good” products in the market or from suppliers. The paper discusses the implications of these results for behavior change interventions.

Pedestrian Safety in Compact and Mixed-Use Urban Environments: Evaluation of 5D Measures on Pedestrian Crashes

This study examined the impact of density, diversity, design, distance to transit, and destination accessibility, five measures, known as the 5Ds, that characterize the built environment, on pedestrian–vehicle crashes in Seoul, Korea. Using spatial analysis based on 500-m grid cells, this study employed negative binomial regression models on the frequencies of three specific types of pedestrian–vehicle crashes: crashes causing death, major injury, and minor injury to pedestrians. Analysis shows that compact and mixed-use urban environments represented by 5D measures have mixed effects on pedestrian safety. Trade-off effects are found between a higher risk for all types of pedestrian crashes, and a lower risk for fatal pedestrian crashes in 5D urban environments. As a design variable, a higher number of intersections is more likely to increase some types of pedestrian crashes, including fatal crashes, a finding which warrants policy attention to promote pedestrian safety near intersection areas. This study also confirms an urgent need to secure the travel safety of pedestrians near public transit stations due to the higher risk of pedestrian crashes near such facilities. Various destinations, such as retail stores, traditional markets, and hospitals, are associated with pedestrian crashes. Pedestrian safety measures should be implemented to reduce the likelihood of pedestrian crashes near major destination facilities.

IMPLEMENTASI AKAD AL-MUSAWAMAH PADA PASAR TRADISIONAL

Al-Musawamah transaction contract is a transaction contract that occurs daily in traditional markets betweent seller and buyers where this transation contract becomes a contract that we can meet or even do every day in traditional markes. Because of course this contract failitates the process of a deal or agreement from both parties betweent the seller danthe buyer to determine the price of a item to be purchased by a buyer. And of course it is a lawful contract because it focuses on the pleasure and sincerity of both parties in a transaction that occurs.Keywords: Contract, Traditional Markets, Sellers and Buyers.Abstrak Akad transaksi Al-Musawamah merupakan akad transaksi yang sehari-harinya terjadi pada pasar tradisional antara penjual dan pembeli dimana akad transaksi ini menjadi akad yang dapat kita jumpai atau bahkan kita lakukan seharinya di pasar-pasar tradisional. karena tentunya akad ini memudahkan proses terjadinya deal atau kesepakatan dari kedua belah pihak antara penjual dan juga pembeli untuk menentukan sebuah harga dari suatu barang yang akan dibeli oleh seorang pembeli. Dan tentunya merupakan suatu akad yang halal karena menitik beratkan kepada keridhoan dan keikhlasan kepada kedua belah pihak dalam sebuah transaksi yang terjadi.Kata Kunci :Akad,. Pasar Tradisional, Penjual dan Pembeli

Speech Act Varieties of Chinese and Non-Chinese Community in Medan Traditional Markets

In this study focused on to describing the types and functions of the Tionghoa community utterances that tend to use Hokkien language and the non Tionghoa community that typically to use Indonesian language. The theory proposed by Austin and Leech was used to classify and analyze the speech act data delivered and collected through a non-participative observation and taking notes technique. The data were obtained from five traditional markets in Medan from July to September 2020. The data showed five kinds of speech acts from both the Tionghoa and non-Tionghoa communities. A directive speech act was the dominant speech act obtained because the directive speech act influenced the interlocutor. In this case, the customer dominated the seller to do what the customer demanded. The directive speech act also showed the chief ordering function found in the Tionghoa community, and the bargaining function was located in the nonTionghoa community. The ordering directive speech act prevalent in Tionghoa speakers related to the character of the majority of Tionghoa community members in Medan, which was straightforward. In this case, they gave orders or directly asked for what they needed or sought. Meanwhile, in the non-Tionghoa community, the utterances refer to buying and selling laws, dominated by bargaining utterances, both bargaining for goods or prices. In comparison, the declarative speech act is the minor speech act found to express resignation towards the COVID-19 condition.

Implementasi akad al musawamah pada pasar tradisional

Al-Musawamah transaction contract is a transaction contract that occurs daily in traditional markets betweent seller and buyers where this transation contract becomes a contract that we can meet or even do every day in traditional markes. Because of course this contract failitates the process of a deal or agreement from both parties betweent the seller danthe buyer to determine the price of a item to be purchased by a buyer. And of course it is a lawful contract because it focuses on the pleasure and sincerity of both parties in a transaction that occurs.

MODEL PENGATURAN YANG EFEKTIF TERKAIT PENGELOLAAN PASAR TRADISIONAL DI INDONESIA

Abstract, This study aims to discuss the existence of the regulation of the Minister of Trade No. 56/M.DAG/PER/9/2014 and analyze the implementation problems. This research is normative legal research (juridical normative) using a statutory approach and a conceptual approach where the analysis method is carried out qualitatively. The results of the study indicate that the state must promote Indonesian national culture, one of which is to maintain and maintain traditional markets in Indonesia as a manifestation of cultural identity and one of Indonesia's national cultures. This is enshrined in the constitution based on Article 32 paragraph (1) of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. About the arrangement of traditional markets in Indonesia, specific and detailed arrangements relating to traditional markets are regulated by Presidential Regulation Number 112 of 2007 concerning Arrangement and Development of Traditional Markets, Shopping Centers, and Modern Stores was then followed up with Minister of Trade Regulation Number 70/MDAG/PER/12/2013 concerning Guidelines for Arrangement and Development of Traditional Markets, which was later updated with Minister of Trade Regulation No: 56/M/DAG /9 2014 the Year 2014. However, the Minister of Trade Regulation only regulates the arrangement of modern markets. The existence of people's markets or traditional markets which are in great demand by the community to this day still causes polemics in their management, so they are often considered not so necessary. Therefore, it is very important to pay attention to the interests of the community from all levels, especially government policies in the regulation and management of emerging markets. Because the Indonesian constitution has explained that the state is responsible for providing protection and is responsible for maintaining traditional markets in Indonesia. Keywords: Arrangement, Regulation, and Management, People's Markets or Traditional Markets Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membahas eksistensi dari peraturan Menteri Perdagangan Nomor. 56/M.DAG/PER/9/2014 dan menganalisis problematika pelaksanaannya. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum normatif (yuridis normatif) dengan menggunakan pendekatan perundang-undangan (statute approach) dan pendekatan konsep (conceptual approach) dimana metode analisis dilakukan secara kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa negara mempunyai kewajiban untuk memajukan kebudayaan nasional Indonesia salah satunya adalah dengan tetap menjaga dan mempertahankan pasar-pasar tradisional di Indonesia sebagai wujud dari identitas budaya dan salah satu kebudayaan nasional Indonesia. Hal ini termaktub didalam konstitusi berdasarkan Pasal 32 ayat (1) Undang-undang Dasar Republik Indonesia tahun 1945. Berkaitan dengan penataan pasar-pasar tradisional di Indonesia, pengaturan secara khusus dan terperinci yang berkaitan dengan pasar tradisional diatur dengan Peraturan Presiden Nomor 112 Tahun 2007 tentang Penataan dan Pembinaan Pasar Tradisional, Pusat Perbelanjaan, dan Toko Modern kemudian ditindaklanjuti dengan Peraturan Menteri Perdagangan Nomor 70/MDAG/PER/12/2013 tentang Pedoman Penataan dan Pembinaan Pasar Tradisional, yang kemudian diperbaharui dengan peraturan Menteri Perdagangan No: 56/M/DAG/9 2014 Tahun 2014. Namun Permendag tersebut hanya mengatur terkait penataan pasar modern saja. Keberadaan pasar rakyat atau pasar tradisional yang banyak diminati oleh masyarakat sampai hari ini masih menimbullkan polemik dalam pengelolaannya, sehingga sering kali dianggap tidak begitu diperlukan. Oleh karena itu, kepentingan masyarakat dari segala tingkatan sangat perlu diperhatikan terutama kebijakan pemerintah didalm pengaturan dan pengelolaan pasar-pasar yang bermunculan. Karena konstitusi Indonesia telah menjelaskan bahwa negara bertanggung jawab untuk memberikan perlindungan dan bertanggung jawab mempertahankan pasar-pasar tradisional di Indonesia. Kata Kunci: Penataan, Pengaturan dan Pengelolaan, Pasar Rakyat atau Pasar Tradisional

IDENTIFICATION OF FORMALDEHYDE IN UNBRANDED WET NOODLES AT TRADITIONAL MARKETS OF TAMBUN SELATAN USING TEST KIT METHODS AND UV-VIS SPECTROPHOTOMETRY

Introduction: Wet noodles are flour-based foods that are widely consumed by the community because of their easy processing. The high water content in wet noodles makes the noodles not last long. In fact, there is still a preservative in wet noodles that is not used, namely formaldehyde. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there was formaldehyde in unbranded wet noodles in the Traditional Market of South Tambun District and to determine the level of formaldehyde in unbranded noodles in the Traditional Market of South Tambun District. Method: This research was conducted at the STIKes Mitra Keluarga laboratory. The type of research used is descriptive. There are 7 samples taken from 4 different markets. The sample was tested using a formaldehyde test kit and resulted in 6 positive formaldehyde samples. According to SNI, formaldehyde should not be in wet noodles. So that the results of the 6 samples did not meet the quality requirements of wet noodles. Results: Furthermore, the positive sample was determined using a UV-VIS spectrophotometer and Nash reagent. The lowest level of formaldehyde is 18.61 mg/L while the highest level is 738.45 mg/L. Conclusion: First, the regulation is not yet known by the producers because it is classified as traditional. Second, there is no good control from authorized institutions or officers. Third, the lack of guidance for producers

Sangga Buwana as Food Acculturation: Yogyakarta Royal Traditional Food

Indonesia has various traditional foods, some of which are the result of acculturation with other countries’ foods. Sangga buwana is the Javanese-Dutch influenced cuisine, which became one of the favorite dishes of the sultans of Yogyakarta. Till date, the publication about sangga buwana is still limited. This paper aimed to introduce and spread the knowledge about sangga buwana as the result of food acculturation, focusing on its history, philosophy, how it is prepared, and its nutritional value. The study was carried out through interviews with the experts and literature review. Sangga buwana consists of several components, including choux pastry, ragout, lettuce, boiled egg, Javanese mustard, and pickled vegetables. Sangga buwana itself and every component to prepare it have the meaningful philosophy about God’s creations. It delivers important wishes and meanings to the newlywed couple in royal wedding ceremony. It was only served to the sultan, royal family of Yogyakarta, and their important guests. But nowadays, sangga buwana can be more easily found at restaurants, traditional markets or food festivals in Yogyakarta. The cultural preservation of sangga buwana has been conducted through cultural festivals, cooking workshops, and research development using local ingredients to prepare it which may support food diversification

Pest Control Technology for Plutella Xylostella L. on Green Mustard (Brassica Juncea L.) Using Bacillus Thuringiensis in Tukungan Soil

Green mustard (Brassica juncea L.) is a popular vegetable among the people. Green mustard leaves are commonly used as complementary ingredients such as chicken noodle, meatballs, etc. These vegetables are easily accessible to traditional markets, supermarket, and mall. The main obstacle in cultivating green mustard is Plutella xylostella attack. P. xylostella pests can attack both vegetative and generative, striking at the shoots and leaves of plants from breeding to harvesting. One of the effective and safe controls is the bioinsecticide Bacillus thuringiensis. Tukungan soil is a swamp land management technology that aims to diversify commodities that can be planted. This technology is very helpful in utilizing and maximizing existing agricultural land, especially in South Kalimantan. The bioinsecticide material used is a strain of B. thuringiensis which is the Turex WP. This research aims to determine the best dose of bioinsecticide B. thuringiensis (Turex WP) in controlling P. xylostella pests, increasing growth and yield of green mustard in tukungan soils. The research used a one-factor randomized block design, namely the dose of bioinsecticide (Turex WP) consisting of five treatments: p0 = 0 g/L, p1 = 0.5 g/L, p2 = 1 g/L, p3 = 1.5 g/L, and p4 = 2g/L. The results showed that the bioinsecticide B. thuringiensis (Turex WP) with a dose of 2 g/L was effective in controlling P. xylostella pests, increasing growth and yield of green mustard in tukungan soils.

STUDI NETNOGRAFI PENERAPAN SKENARIO KEBIJAKAN KERUANGAN COVID-19 DI KOTA SURABAYA

- The COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia has disrupted various community activities. Likewise in Surabaya, which was identified as a black zone in 2020. Therefore, a lockdown policy has been implemented to reduce the COVID-19’s spread such as PSBB Surabaya Raya I, II, and III; PPKM Surabaya; and PPKM Mikro Surabaya. The implementation of the lockdown has become trend on social media and created various assumptions. In addition, the spatial zoning regulations have not supported the pandemic so that the regulations are more siding of the economy and city development without reviewing its readiness facing the pandemic. This study uses secondary data collection methods through data mining also primary data through teleconference and distributing online questionnaires. So, from collecting data on social media and community aspirations, it is hoped that they can create spatial policies that are in accordance with community conditions and can also reduce the number of COVID-19 cases. The result shows that there are five topics becoming peoples’ perceptions and preferences, such as social, economy, mobility, environment, and health. Moreover, they state that PSBB Surabaya Jilid 1,2, and 3 aren’t the best policy and PPKM Micro are the best policy. Similar thing also experienced by 60% informant stating that PPKM Micro is the best policy. There are also state policy suggestions regarding to policy, such as implementation of policies, restoration of education, vaccinations, incentives for health workers, duration of dine in, provision of assistance to workers, government social assistance, optimization of traditional markets, dissemination of information, and operating companies. Abstrak - Surabaya merupakan salah satu kota yang teridentifikasi sebagai zona hitam pada Mei 2020. Oleh karena itu, kebijakan pembatasan telah diterapkan untuk menekan angka penyebaran COVID-19 seperti PSBB Surabaya Raya Jilid 1, 2, dan 3; PPKM Surabaya; serta PPKM Mikro Surabaya. Penerapan kebijakan pembatasan menjadi isu hangat di media sosial dan menimbulkan anggapan positif dan negatif. Selain itu, pada aspek keruangan, peraturan zonasi tata ruang belum menunjang urgensitas pandemi sehingga peraturannya lebih berpihak pada sektor ekonomi dan pembangunan kota tanpa meninjau kesiapan kotanya dalam menghadapi pandemi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode pengumpulan data sekunder melalui mining data serta data primer melalui wawancara telekonferensi. Sehingga, dari pengumpulan data pada media sosial dan aspirasi masyarakat diharapkan dapat menciptakan kebijakan keruangan yang sesuai dengan kondisi masyarakat dan juga dapat menekan angka kasus COVID-19. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa terdapat lima topik yang cenderung menjadi persepsi dan preferensi para pengguna media sosial, yaitu sosial, ekonomi, mobilitas, lingkungan, dan kesehatan. Selain itu, mereka juga menyatakan bahwa PSBB Surabaya Jilid 1, 2, dan 3 merupakan kebijakan yang tidak diminati dan PPKM Mikro merupakan kebijakan yang paling diminati. Hal serupa juga dialami oleh para narasumber yang menyatakan bahwa 60% narasumber menyatakan PPKM Mikro merupakan kebijakan paling efektif. Terdapat beberapa saran kebijakan menurut narasumber, terkait pelaksanaan kebijakan, pemulihan pendidikan, vaksinasi, insentif tenaga kesehatan, durasi makan di tempat, pemberian bantuan kepada buruh, bantuan sosial pemerintah, optimalisasi pasar tradisional, penyebaran informasi, dan perusahaan yang beroperasi.