Tobacco retail outlet density and risk of youth smoking in New Zealand

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (e2) ◽  
pp. e71-e74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise Marsh ◽  
Ali Ajmal ◽  
Rob McGee ◽  
Lindsay Robertson ◽  
Claire Cameron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Youth Smoking ◽  
Retail Outlet ◽  
Outlet Density

scholarly journals Using point-of-sale data to examine tobacco pricing across neighbourhoods in Scotland

2020 ◽  
pp. tobaccocontrol-2019-055484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niamh K Shortt ◽  
Helena Tunstall ◽  
Richard Mitchell ◽  
Emma Coombes ◽  
Andy Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Purchase Price ◽  
Retail Outlet ◽  
Point Of Sale ◽  
Deprived Neighbourhoods ◽  
Convenience Stores ◽  
Neighbourhood Level ◽  
Outlet Density ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Multivariable Regression ◽  
Total Sales

ObjectivesTo assess the geographical variation in tobacco price (cigarettes and roll-your-own (RYO) tobacco) in convenience stores across Scotland and how this relates to neighbourhood income deprivation, tobacco retail outlet density and urban/rural status.MethodsTobacco price data from 124 566 shopping baskets purchased in 274 convenience stores during 1 week in April 2018 were obtained through an electronic point-of-sale system. These data were combined with neighbourhood-level measures of income deprivation, tobacco retail outlet density and urban/rural status. We examined brand price for 12 of the most popular cigarette brands and 3 RYO brands and variations in purchases by price segment; multivariable regression analysis assessed associations between area variables and tobacco price.ResultsMost stores sold tobacco in all price segments. The lowest priced subvalue brands were the most popular in all neighbourhoods but were most dominant in shops in more deprived neighbourhoods. When total sales were assessed, overall purchase price varied significantly by neighbourhood income deprivation; packets of 20 cigarettes were 50 pence (5.6%) lower and RYO 34 pence (2.7%) lower among shops in the two highest income deprivation quintiles relative to the lowest. Analysis of individual brands showed that for 3 of the 12 cigarette brands considered, average prices were 12–17 pence lower in more deprived neighbourhoods with the most popular RYO brand 15 pence lower. There was limited evidence of a relationship with tobacco retail outlet density.ConclusionAcross Scottish convenience stores, the purchase price of cigarettes and RYO was lower in more income-deprived neighbourhoods. The lower prices primarily reflect greater sales of cheap brands in these areas, rather than retailers reducing the prices of individual brands.

scholarly journals Local Tobacco Policy and Tobacco Outlet Density: Associations With Youth Smoking

2012 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 547-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon Lipperman-Kreda ◽  
Joel W. Grube ◽  
Karen B. Friend
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Policy ◽  
Youth Smoking ◽  
Outlet Density

scholarly journals Alcohol outlet density is related to police events and motor vehicle accidents in Manukau City, New Zealand

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 537-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael P. Cameron ◽  
William Cochrane ◽  
Kellie McNeill ◽  
Pania Melbourne ◽  
Sandra L. Morrison ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Motor Vehicle Accidents ◽  
Alcohol Outlet ◽  
Vehicle Accidents ◽  
Alcohol Outlet Density ◽  
Outlet Density

Socioeconomic area disparities in tobacco retail outlet density: a Western Australian analysis

2013 ◽  
Vol 198 (9) ◽  
pp. 489-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa J Wood ◽  
Gavin Pereira ◽  
Nick Middleton ◽  
Sarah Foster
Keyword(s):  
Retail Outlet ◽  
Outlet Density ◽  
Western Australian

Estimating the effect of a potential policy to restrict tobacco retail availability in New Zealand

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 466-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsay Robertson ◽  
Louise Marsh
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Retail Outlets ◽  
Outlet Density ◽  
The Mean

IntroductionReducing tobacco retailer density is suggested to be a key component of tobacco endgames. Where tobacco retail reduction policies exist, ‘grandfathering’ is typically used, where existing retailers are exempt from restrictions aimed at reducing outlet density. We examined the possible impact on tobacco outlet density in New Zealand of a policy preventing new retail outlets from selling tobacco, but allowing existing retail outlets to continue selling tobacco until they ceased trading or relocated.MethodsWe obtained data on numbers of tobacco outlets and the number of outlet closures recorded annually from 2006 to 2016. We calculated the mean and the lowest and highest 3-year rolling average closure rates for each type of tobacco outlet. We projected decreases in the number of tobacco outlets that would hypothetically be permitted to sell tobacco from 2020 onwards and estimated when the combined number of tobacco outlets would decline by 50% and 95%.ResultsBased on mean annual closure rates, the total number of tobacco outlets would decrease by 50% by 2032 and a 95% reduction could be achieved by 2072. By 2025, the number of tobacco outlets would decrease by 27%; by 2050, this reduction would reach 84%.ConclusionA tobacco retail reduction policy that prevented new retail outlets from selling tobacco and grandfathered existing retailers would be unlikely to achieve New Zealand’s target of a 95% reduction in tobacco outlet density within several decades of being enacted. Nonetheless, this policy could achieve a 50% reduction in tobacco retail availability in the first decade of implementation.

scholarly journals Association of cigarette production and tobacco retailer density on secondhand smoke exposure in urban China

2021 ◽  
pp. tobaccocontrol-2021-056655
Author(s):  
Connie Hoe ◽  
Joanna E Cohen ◽  
Tingzhong Yang ◽  
Sihui Peng ◽  
Weifang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Secondhand Smoke ◽  
Urban China ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Retail Outlet ◽  
Cigarette Tobacco ◽  
Tobacco Production ◽  
Outlet Density ◽  
Shs Exposure

The primary aims of this study are to examine the associations between two key environmental factors—regional cigarette tobacco production and tobacco retail outlet density—and secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure in urban China and to explore the possible mechanisms that explain this association.MethodsA cross-sectional multistage sampling design was used to collect individual information in 21 cities in China. Environmental variables were retrieved from national databases. Multilevel logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine the associations between regional cigarette tobacco production, tobacco retail outlet density and SHS exposure. Structural equation modelling was employed to determine possible mechanisms.ResultsSHS exposure prevalence defined as daily exposure to SHS for at least 15 min/day at the time of the survey was found to be 28.1% among non-smokers (95% CI 27.1 to 29.0) across the 21 cities. The multilevel logistic regressions showed that province-level per capital cigarette production (OR: 2.72 (95% CI 1.56 to 4.76)and per GDP cigarette production(OR:1.69(95% CI 1,42,2.01), and city-level tobacco retail outlet density (OR: 2.66 (95% CI 1.63 to 4.38)) were significantly associated with SHS exposure. Moreover, results showed that these associations may be explained by the level of tobacco advertisement, which influences social norms, including attitudes and behaviours toward SHS exposure.ConclusionsFindings shed light on the role of cigarette manufacturers and retailers in producing environmental SHS pollution. To address the health and economic burden associated with SHS in China, it will be critical for the Chinese government to enact tobacco control measures consistent with the Framework Convention for Tobacco Control. Efforts should also focus on restricting the permitted density of tobacco retail outlets, and tobacco production in China.

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