scholarly journals Bacteria profile and antibiogram of the bacteria isolated from the exposed pulp of dog canine teeth

2018 ◽  
Vol 183 (3) ◽  
pp. 97-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Carlos Almansa Ruiz ◽  
Annelize Jonker ◽  
Anna-Mari Bosman ◽  
Gerhard Steenkamp
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Diffusion Test ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Microbial Species ◽  
Facultative Anaerobes

Twenty-seven microbiological samples were taken from root canals (RC) of the canine teeth of 20 dogs where the pulps were non-vital and exposed due to complicated crown fractures. These pulps were cultured for aerobic/anaerobic bacteria. Antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates was determined using the Kirby-Bauer diffusion test. A total of 49 cultivable isolates, belonging to 27 different microbial species and 18 different genera, were recovered from the 27 RCs sampled. Twenty (40.81 per cent) of the cultivable isolates were Gram positive while 29 (59.19 per cent) were Gram negative. Facultative anaerobes were the most common bacteria (77.56 per cent). Aerobic isolates represented 18.36 per cent, and strict anaerobes 4.08 per cent. The antimicrobials with the highest in vitro efficacy were gentamicin (100 per cent) and enrofloxacin (93.32 per cent).

In vitro antimicrobial susceptibility of anaerobic bacteria isolated from caprine footrot

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Lacombe-Antoneli ◽  
S. Píriz ◽  
S. Vadillo
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Western Spain ◽  
Clinical Cases

The in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility of Gram-negative anaerobic bacilli commonly isolated from footrot in goats was studied. A total of 97 isolates belonging to the genera Dichelobacter, Fusobacterium, Prevotella, Porphyromonas and Bacteroides, obtained from clinical cases of footrot in south-western Spain between March 2000 and May 2001, were tested against 25 antimicrobial agents comprising β-lactams, aminoglycosides, macrolides, chloramphenicol, quinolones, lincosamides, sulphonamides and tetracyclines in order to optimise antibiotic treatment of this disease in goats. β-lactams, tetracyclines and metronidazole displayed the highest in vitro efficacy against the species involved in the pathogenesis of footrot.

Działanie in vitro olejku cyprysowego (Oleum Cupressi) na bakterie beztlenowe

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Kędzia ◽  
Elżbieta Hołderna-Kędzia
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Growth Control ◽  
Cupressus Sempervirens ◽  
Tannerella Forsythia ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Gram Positive Cocci ◽  
Porphyromonas Levii

Introduction. Cypress (Cupressus sempervirens L.) belongs to the family Cupressaceae. It is evergreen, and grows in Mediterranean region. The Cypress leaves and young branches are utilized to produce the essential oil. Cypress oil contain a number of components, in it α-pinene, Δ3-carene, α-terpinyl acetate, cedrol, α-terpinolene, β-myrcene, limonene, α-terpineolene, terpinen-4-ol, β-pinene, δ-cadinene and sabinene. The oil is used in therapy different diseases. It to have antimicrobial activity. Aim. The aim of the date was evaluation the susceptibility of anaerobic bacteria to Cypress oil. Material and methods. The anaerobic bacteria were isolated from patients. The 62 microorganisms, in it 36 strains of Gram-negative rods, 14 Gram-positive cocci and 12 Gram-positive rods, and 7 reference strains were tested. Susceptibility (MIC) was determined by means of plate dilution technique in Brucella agar supplemented with 5% defibrynated sheep blood, menadione and hemin. The Cypress oil was dissolved in DMSO and distilled water to obtain final following concentrations: 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0, 15.0 and 20.0 mg/ml. Inoculum containing 106 CFU per 1 ml was seeded with Steers replicator upon the agar with oil or without the oil (strains growth control). The agar plates was incubated in anaerobic condition in anaerobic jar in 37°C for 48 hrs. The MIC was interpreted as the lowest concentration of Cypress oil inhibiting the growth of tested bacteria. Results. The results indicated that from among Gram-negative rods the most susceptible to Cypress oil was the strains from genus Tannerella forsythia (MIC < 2.5-5.0 mg/ml), Bacteroides uniformis (MIC = 5.0 mg/ml), Bacteroides vulgatus and Porphyromonas asaccharolytica (MIC 5.0-7.5 mg/ml) and Porphyromonas levii (MIC = 7.5 mg/ml). The strains from genera Fusobacterium and of Bacteroides fragilis were the susceptible to 2.5-≥ 20.0 mg/ml. The Cypress oil was least active towards Prevotella and Parabacteroides strains (MIC ≥ 20.0 mg/ml).The tested Gram-positive cocci were more susceptible. The growth of the strains were inhibited by concentrations in ranges ≤ 2.5-7.5 mg/ml. The oil was minor active towards Gram-positive rods (MIC ≤ 2.5-20.0 mg/ml). Among the strains the genus of Actinomyces odontolyticus (MIC = 5.0 mg/ml) and Actinomyces viscosus (MIC ≤ 2.5-7.5 mg/ml) were the most susceptible. The growth of rods of Bifidobacterium breve was inhibited by concentrations 10.0 mg/ml. The data indicates that the Gram-negative rods were the less susceptible than Gram-positive bacteria to cypress oil. Conclusions. Among Gram-negative rods the most susceptible were the strains Tannerella forsythia, Bacteroides uniformis, Bacteroides vulgatus, Porphyromonas asaccharolytica and Porphyromonas levii. The oil was more active against Gram-positive cocci. Gram-positive anaerobic bacteria demonstrate the more susceptible to Cypress oil then Gram-positive rods.

scholarly journals In vitro activity of the tribactam GV104326 against gram-positive, gram-negative, and anaerobic bacteria.

1994 ◽  
Vol 38 (10) ◽  
pp. 2362-2368 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Di Modugno ◽  
I Erbetti ◽  
L Ferrari ◽  
G Galassi ◽  
S M Hammond ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Vitro Activity ◽  
In Vitro Activity ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative

scholarly journals In Vitro Anti-Microbial Activity of Essential Oils and other Extracts from Salvia officinalis against Some Bacteria

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amna Yousif Mohamed ◽  
Ahmed Ali Mustafa
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Salvia Officinalis ◽  
Diffusion Test ◽  
Hexane Extraction ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Agar Disc

This study aimed to screen the antibacterial activity of essential oils from different parts (leave and stem) of Salvia officinalis against some Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria using agar disc diffusion test, then the extracts were prepared by hydro distillation to extract the essential oils. Maceration and hexane extraction by Soxhlet were used to obtain crude extracts from the leave and stem. Essential oils from the leaves and the ethyl acetate extract of the leaves showed higher antimicrobial activity, while hexane extract of leaves and stems showed moderate antibacterial activity. In contrast the essential oil from the stems showed very low antibacterial activity. It was observed that the results gram positive bacteria (staphylococcus aureus) was more sensitive than Gram negative (Echerichia coli).

scholarly journals In Vitro Activities of Ramoplanin, Teicoplanin, Vancomycin, Linezolid, Bacitracin, and Four Other Antimicrobials against Intestinal Anaerobic Bacteria

2003 ◽  
Vol 47 (7) ◽  
pp. 2334-2338 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Citron ◽  
C. V. Merriam ◽  
K. L. Tyrrell ◽  
Y. A. Warren ◽  
H. Fernandez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Agar Dilution Method ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Excellent Activity ◽  
Agar Dilution ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Fusobacterium Varium

ABSTRACT By using an agar dilution method, the in vitro activities of ramoplanin, teicoplanin, vancomycin, linezolid, and five other agents were determined against 300 gram-positive and 54 gram-negative strains of intestinal anaerobes. Ramoplanin was active at ≤2 μg/ml against 287 of 300 (95.7%) gram-positive organisms, including 18 strains of Clostridium difficile for which MICs of ramoplanin were 0.25 to 0.5 μg/ml; for 3 of these, linezolid MICs were 8 to 16 μg/ml. Nineteen Clostridium innocuum strains for which the vancomycin MIC at which 90% of strains were inhibited was 16 μg/ml were susceptible to ramoplanin at 0.06 to 0.25 μg/ml and to teicoplanin at 0.125 to 1.0 μg/ml. All strains of Eubacterium, Actinomyces, Propionibacterium, and Peptostreptococcus spp. were inhibited by ≤0.25 μg of ramoplanin per ml and ≤1 μg of vancomycin per ml. Ramoplanin was also active at ≤4 μg/ml against 15 of 22 of the Prevotella and Porphyromonas strains tested, but ramoplanin MICs for all 31 strains of the Bacteroides fragilis group, the Fusobacterium mortiferum-Fusobacterium varium group, and Veillonella spp. were ≥256 μg/ml. Ramoplanin displays excellent activity against C. difficile and other gram-positive enteric anaerobes, including vancomycin-resistant strains; however, it has poor activity against most gram-negative anaerobes and thus potentially has a lesser effect on the ecological balance of normal fecal flora.

scholarly journals 12-year analysis of incidence, microbiological profiles and in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility of infectious keratitis: the Nottingham Infectious Keratitis Study

2020 ◽  
pp. bjophthalmol-2020-316128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darren Shu Jeng Ting ◽  
Charlotte Shan Ho ◽  
Jessica Cairns ◽  
Ahmad Elsahn ◽  
Mouhamed Al-Aqaba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Antimicrobial Treatment ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Infectious Keratitis ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Tertiary Referral Centre ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Corneal Scraping ◽  
The Uk

Background/aimsTo examine the incidence, causative microorganisms and in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility and resistance profiles of infectious keratitis (IK) in Nottingham, UK.MethodsA retrospective study of all patients who were diagnosed with IK and underwent corneal scraping between July 2007 and October 2019 (a 12-year period) at a UK tertiary referral centre. Relevant data, including demographic factors, microbiological profiles and in vitro antibiotic susceptibility of IK, were analysed.ResultsThe estimated incidence of IK was 34.7 per 100 000 people/year. Of the 1333 corneal scrapes, 502 (37.7%) were culture-positive and 572 causative microorganisms were identified. Sixty (4.5%) cases were of polymicrobial origin (caused by ≥2 different microorganisms). Gram-positive bacteria (308, 53.8%) were most commonly isolated, followed by Gram-negative bacteria (223, 39.0%), acanthamoeba (24, 4.2%) and fungi (17, 3.0%). Pseudomonas aeruginosa (135, 23.6%) was the single most common organism isolated. There was a significant increase in Moraxella spp (p<0.001) and significant decrease in Klebsiella spp (p=0.004) over time. The in vitro susceptibilities of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria to cephalosporin, fluoroquinolone and aminoglycoside were 100.0% and 81.3%, 91.9% and 98.1%, and 95.2% and 98.3%, respectively. An increase in resistance against penicillin was observed in Gram-positive (from 3.5% to 12.7%; p=0.005) and Gram-negative bacteria (from 52.6% to 65.4%; p=0.22).ConclusionIK represents a relatively common and persistent burden in the UK and the reported incidence is likely underestimated. Current broad-spectrum antimicrobial treatment provides a good coverage for IK, although challenged by some level of antimicrobial resistance and polymicrobial infection.

scholarly journals Besifloxacin, a Novel Fluoroquinolone, Has Broad-Spectrum In Vitro Activity against Aerobic and Anaerobic Bacteria

2009 ◽  
Vol 53 (8) ◽  
pp. 3552-3560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Haas ◽  
Chris M. Pillar ◽  
Gary E. Zurenko ◽  
Jacqueline C. Lee ◽  
Lynne S. Brunner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Ocular Infections ◽  
Spectrum Activity ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic ◽  
Antibacterial Spectrum ◽  
Broad Spectrum Activity

ABSTRACT The antibacterial spectrum of besifloxacin, a novel fluoroquinolone recently approved for treatment of ocular infections, was studied using 2,690 clinical isolates representing 40 species. Overall, besifloxacin was the most potent agent tested against gram-positive pathogens and anaerobes and was generally equivalent to comparator fluoroquinolones in activity against most gram-negative pathogens. Besifloxacin demonstrated potent, broad-spectrum activity, which was particularly notable against gram-positive and gram-negative isolates that were resistant to other fluoroquinolones and classes of antibacterial agents.

In Vitro Activities of Y-688, a New 7-Substituted Fluoroquinolone, against Anaerobic Bacteria

1998 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 419-424
Author(s):  
A. P. MacGowan ◽  
K. E. Bowker ◽  
M. Wootton ◽  
H. A. Holt ◽  
D. S. Reeves
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Bacteroides Fragilis ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Cocci

ABSTRACT The in vitro activities of Y-688, a new 7-substituted fluoroquinolone derivative, against 317 nonduplicate anaerobic isolates were determined. Eighty-five percent of the Bacteroides fragilis group (n = 89) were inhibited by ≤2 mg of Y-688 per liter, while 78, 100, 89, and 98% of gram-negative bacilli (n = 135), gram-positive cocci (n = 59), and non-spore-forming (n = 58) and spore-forming (n = 51) gram-positive bacilli, respectively, were inhibited by ≤1 mg of Y-688 per liter.

scholarly journals In Vitro Activities of MK-826 (L-749,345) against 363 Strains of Anaerobic Bacteria

2000 ◽  
Vol 44 (8) ◽  
pp. 2222-2224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah M. Wexler ◽  
Denise Molitoris ◽  
Sydney M. Finegold
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Fusobacterium Nucleatum ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative

ABSTRACT The activity of MK-826 was compared to the activities of cefoxitin, ceftriaxone, imipenem, and meropenem against 363 gram-negative and gram-positive anaerobes by using NCCLS procedures. At least 98% of the strains were susceptible to the carbapenems. All strains ofClostridium perfringens, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Peptostreptococcus, and Sutterella wadsworthensis were susceptible to all agents tested.

Skuteczność działania in vitro olejku melisowego (Oleum Melissae) na bakterie beztlenowe

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Kędzia ◽  
Elżbieta Hołderna-Kędzia
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Growth Control ◽  
Geranyl Acetate ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
High Antibacterial Activity

Introduction. Melissa officinalis L. is a member of family Lamiaceae. The plant a widely cultivated in many countries of Asia (Iran, Turkiestan), North America, Europe and Poland. It growth to 1 m high. Leaves are green with characteristic smell of lemon and flowers are white or pink. The plant produce of essential oil which the components are: neral, geraniol, geranial, β-caryophyllene, tymol, linalol, citronellol, cytronellal, geranyl acetate, α-humulene, germacrane D, n-eikosane, didydrocitronellolacetate, 5-cedranone, β-ocimene Z and β-ocimene E. The oil is used in therapy. It showed antiinflammatory and antymicrobial activity towards bacteria, fungi, viruses and insects. Aim. The aim of this study was to evaluate the activity of melissa oil against anaerobic bacteria. Material and methods. The bacterial strains were isolated from oral cavity. A total 32 strains anaerobes and 8 standards strains were investigated. The melissa oil (Semifarm) was dissolved in DMSO and distilled water to obtained a final concentrations of 2.0, 1.0, 0.5, 0.25, 0.12 and 0.06 mg/ml. The inoculums containing 105 CFU/spot was seeded with Steers replicator upon the surface of agar with or without essential oil (bacterial strains growth control). Incubation was performed in anaerobic conditions in anaerobic jar, in 37°C for 48 hrs. The MIC was defined as the lowest concentrations of melissa oil inhibiting the growth of the tested anaerobes. Results. The results showed, that the melissa oil presented high antibacterial activity against all tested anaerobes. The most susceptible from Gram-positive bacteria were the cocci from the genus of Finegoldia magna, Micromonas micros and Peptostreptococcus anaerobius and Gram-positive rods Actinomyces odontolyticus and Bifidobacterium bivia (MIC < 0.06 mg/ml). The 92% of Gram-positive bacteria was inhibited in concentrations < 0.06-0.25 mg/ml. From Gram-negative rods the most susceptible was the Bacteroides vulgatus (MIC < 0.06 mg/ml). The strains from genus of Prevotella bivia and Prevotella buccalis were the lowest sensitive. The minimal inhibitory concentration for these strains was 1.0 mg/ml. But 47% of this strains was inhibited by concentrations in range < 0.06-0.25 mg/ml. Conclusions. The melissa oil showed high activity against all tested anaerobic bacteria, The Gram-positive bacteria were the most susceptible to tested oil than Gram-negative anaerobic rods.

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