The evolutionary significance of variation in infection behavior in two species of rust fungi on their hosts and related nonhost plant species

2001 ◽  
Vol 79 (5) ◽  
pp. 570-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E Eckenwalder ◽  
Michèle C Heath
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Signal ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Rust Fungi ◽  
Uromyces Appendiculatus ◽  
Evolutionary Significance ◽  
Bean Rust ◽  
Nonhost Plant ◽  
Uromyces Vignae

We explored the association between the phylogeny of 14 species of beans in the genera Phaseolus and Vigna (subtribe Phaseolinae) and the progress of infections in them caused by two pathogenic rust fungi, Uromyces appendiculatus (Pers.) Unger and Uromyces vignae Barclay. The analyses involved construction of phenograms, ordinations, and cladograms derived from the infection characteristics and their comparison to a composite of three previously published DNA phylogenies. The patterns of infection by U. vignae showed no relationship to the phylogeny of the infected plants. The course of infection by U. appendiculatus, however, displayed a significant phylogenetic component, although the defense responses of the infected plants themselves did not. These differences in phylogenetic signal between infections caused by the two fungi may reflect distinct evolutionary histories with members of the Phaseolinae, a long association for U. appendiculatus but a much more recent one for the more host-specific U. vignae.Key words: bean rust, cowpea rust, evolution, infection characteristics, Phaseolus, Vigna.

Uromyces appendiculatus var. crassitunicatus, var. nov. from Macroptilium atropurpureum

1988 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 363
Author(s):  
JAG Irwin
Keyword(s):  
Rust Fungi ◽  
Uromyces Appendiculatus ◽  
Bean Rust ◽  
Entire Surface ◽  
New Variety ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Side Walls ◽  
Macroptilium Atropurpureum ◽  
Uromyces Vignae

Morphological studies on the rust fungi of Macroptilium, Phaseolus and Vigna show that three taxa can be distinguished. The Vigna rust, Uromyces vignae, is maintained as a species distinct from the bean rust, U. appendiculatus var. appendiculatus. A new variety, Uromyces appendiculatus (Pers.) Unger var. crassitunicatus J. Irwin, is described from Macroptilium atropurpureum. It differs from var. appendiculatus in having urediniospores with thicker side walls and more closely spaced echinulae. The teliospores are similar to those of var. appendiculatus, except that the side walls are thicker; the side walls are darker, with lineal rows of warts over the entire surface, and a conspicuous channel in the base; the hyaline apical thickening is thinner; and pedicels are more broadly attached.

The evolutionary significance of variation in infection behavior in two species of rust fungi on their hosts and related nonhost plant species

2001 ◽  
Vol 79 (5) ◽  
pp. 570-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. Eckenwalder ◽  
Michèle C. Heath
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Rust Fungi ◽  
Evolutionary Significance ◽  
Nonhost Plant

Interactions of the bean rust and cowpea rust fungi with species of the Phaseolus – Vigna plant complex. I. Fungal growth and development

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 1096-1107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janice F. Elmhirst ◽  
Michèle C. Heath
Keyword(s):  
Host Species ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Complex I ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Rust Fungi ◽  
Uromyces Appendiculatus ◽  
Lablab Purpureus ◽  
Bean Rust ◽  
African Species

Growth and development of two closely related rust fungi, Uromyces appendiculatus and U. vignae (uredospore infections), were compared in several American and African species of the Phaseolus – Vigna plant complex and in Lablab purpureus. In plants inoculated with U. appendiculatus the frequency of formation of both primary and secondary haustoria generally decreased with evolutionary distance from the American host species. Uromyces appendiculatus formed primary haustoria at a high frequency of infection sites in most American and many African species, and also sustained a limited haustorium – plant cell metabolic relationship (as determined by the amount of secondary fungal growth) in one group of African species. Uromyces vignae generally formed very few haustoria in both American and African species not known as hosts of the fungus; however, growth of U. vignae colonies occasionally continued for some time at a few infection sites in nonhost species without sporulation. The implications of these results are discussed with respect to the coevolution of the two fungi with their hosts.

scholarly journals Fungicidal Efficacy of Drying Plant Oils in Green Beans against Bean Rust (Uromyces appendiculatus)

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 143
Author(s):  
Vera Breiing ◽  
Jennifer Hillmer ◽  
Christina Schmidt ◽  
Michael Petry ◽  
Brigitte Behrends ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Linseed Oil ◽  
Uromyces Appendiculatus ◽  
Plant Oils ◽  
Bean Rust ◽  
Green Beans ◽  
Plant Oil ◽  
Water Emulsion ◽  
Tung Oil

As biorationals, plant oils offer numerous advantages such as being natural products, with low ecotoxicological side effects, and high biodegradability. In particular, drying glyceride plant oils, which are rich in unsaturated fatty acids, might be promising candidates for a more sustainable approach in the discussion about plant protection and the environment. Based on this, we tested the protective and curative efficacy of an oil-in-water-emulsion preparation using drying plant oils (linseed oil, tung oil) and a semi-drying plant oil (rapeseed oil) separately and in different mixtures. Plant oils were tested in greenhouse experiments (in vivo) on green beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) against bean rust (Uromyces appendiculatus). We observed that a 2% oil concentration showed no or very low phytotoxic effects on green beans. Both tested drying oils showed a protective control ranging from 53–100% for linseed oil and 32–100% for tung oil. Longer time intervals of 6 days before inoculation (6dbi) were less effective than shorter intervals of 2dbi. Curative efficacies were lower with a maximum of 51% for both oils when applied 4 days past inoculation (4dpi) with the fungus. Furthermore, the results showed no systemic effects. These results underline the potential of drying plant oils as biorationals in sustainable plant protection strategies.

Breeding for partial resistance in dry beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) to bean rust (Uromyces appendiculatus)

1994 ◽  
Vol 124 (2) ◽  
pp. 341-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
B R EDINGTON ◽  
P E SHANAHAN ◽  
F H J RIJKENBERG
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Partial Resistance ◽  
Uromyces Appendiculatus ◽  
Bean Rust ◽  
Dry Beans

scholarly journals Isolates of Uromyces appendiculatus with Specific Virulence to Landraces of Phaseolus vulgaris of Andean Origin

Plant Disease ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig M. Sandlin ◽  
James R. Steadman ◽  
Carlos M. Araya ◽  
Dermot P. Coyne
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Rapd Analysis ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Rust Fungus ◽  
Distinct Group ◽  
Uromyces Appendiculatus ◽  
Bean Rust ◽  
Banding Patterns ◽  
Highly Virulent ◽  
Specific Virulence

Five isolates of the bean rust fungus Uromyces appendiculatus were shown to be specifically virulent on bean genotypes of Andean origin. This specificity was demonstrated by the virulence of five pairs of isolates on a differential set of 30 Phaseolus vulgaris landraces. Each isolate pair was from a different country in the Americas and consisted of one Andean-specific isolate and one nonspecific isolate. Of the differential P. vulgaris landraces, 15 were of Middle American origin and 15 were of Andean origin. The Andean-specific rust isolates were highly virulent on Andean landraces but not on landraces of Middle American origin. Rust isolates with virulence to Middle American landraces were also generally virulent on Andean material; no truly Middle American-specific isolates were found. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis of the rust isolates also distinguished the two groups. Four of the Andean-specific rust isolates formed a distinct group compared to four of the nonspecific isolates. Two of the isolates, one from each of the two virulence groups, had intermediate RAPD banding patterns, suggesting that plasmagomy but not karyogamy occurred between isolates of the two groups.

Trends in the pollination ecology of the Orchidaceae: evolution and systematics

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 642-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond Louis Tremblay
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Evolutionary Ecology ◽  
Evolutionary Significance ◽  
Evolutionary Trend ◽  
Pollen Transfer ◽  
Orchid Species ◽  
Pollinator Species ◽  
Plant Taxon ◽  
Pollinator Specialization ◽  
The Cost

Reduction in the number of pollinator species per plant species is a mechanism that may lower the cost of pollen transfer. Using efficient pollinators may have an evolutionary significance. It is hypothesized that an evolutionary trend from many pollinators to few pollinators per plant species should be observable when species from ancestral versus recently derived monophyletic taxon are compared. Three different orchid phylogenetic sequences are used; two of the phylogenies show a reduction in the number of pollinator species per orchid species from the most ancestral to the most recently derived subfamilies. The third classification did not show this trend. It is thus possible to observe macroevolution of pollinator specialization of a monophyletic plant taxon. Key words: evolution, pollination, systematics, Orchidaceae, evolutionary ecology.

Non-Mendelian and skewed segregation of DNA markers in wide crosses of the bean rust fungus,Uromyces appendiculatus

1996 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Martinez ◽  
J. V. Groth ◽  
N. D. Young
Keyword(s):  
Dna Markers ◽  
Rust Fungus ◽  
Uromyces Appendiculatus ◽  
Bean Rust ◽  
Wide Crosses ◽  
Skewed Segregation

scholarly journals Uromyces appendiculatus in Honduras: Pathogen Diversity and Host Resistance Screening

Plant Disease ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 97 (5) ◽  
pp. 652-661 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maricelis Acevedo ◽  
James R. Steadman ◽  
Juan C. Rosas
Keyword(s):  
Uromyces Appendiculatus ◽  
Bean Rust ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Pathogen Diversity ◽  
Major Constraint ◽  
Sampling Locations ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Virulence Diversity

Bean rust, caused by the fungus Uromyces appendiculatus, is a major constraint for common bean production worldwide. Virulence of U. appendiculatus collected from wild and cultivated Phaseolus spp. was examined in 28 locations across Honduras. Host accessions representing wild and domesticated Phaseolus spp. collected at the same sampling locations were evaluated for resistance against U. appendiculatus. In total, 91 pathotypes were identified from 385 U. appendiculatus isolates according to their virulence on each of the 12 host differentials. No significant difference in pathogen total virulence, measured as the mean disease score, was found between locations. However, significant differences were found in pathotype virulence among isolates collected from different Phaseolus spp. within a location. Moreover, when locations were compared on the basis of pathotype occurrence and frequency, differences among locations were evident. No two locations had the same pathotype composition. The most common pathotype was virulent on 9 of the 12 differential lines. A high number of resistant accessions were identified in Phaseolus coccineus and P. lunatus. Although most wild P. vulgaris accessions were highly susceptible, rust resistance was observed in P. vulgaris landraces collected from farmer's fields. Thirty-two (52%) of the accessions screened showed intermediate to high levels of resistance and, of those, 16% were P. coccineus accessions. Our findings support the hypothesis that interaction of U. appendiculatus in host populations composed of diverse Phaseolus spp. and genotypes has favored highly diverse and virulent pathotypes, creating a center for virulence diversity of the pathogen in Honduras. The high percentage of intermediate and highly resistant accessions identified in the present study supports the strategy of collecting plants from the center of diversity of a pathogen or in locations with high incidence of disease and pathogen diversity to maximize the probability of identifying new sources of resistance.

A Molecular Approach to Distinguish the Bean Rust and Siratro Rust Pathogens

1991 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 527 ◽  
Author(s):  
KS Braithwaite ◽  
JM Manners ◽  
DJ Maclean ◽  
JAG Irwin
Keyword(s):  
Rust Fungus ◽  
Repeat Unit ◽  
Uromyces Appendiculatus ◽  
Bean Rust ◽  
Rust Disease ◽  
Dna Repeat ◽  
Total Dna ◽  
Macroptilium Atropurpureum ◽  
Genomic Probes ◽  
Rust Pathogens

Rust disease on the tropical pasture legume Macroptilium atropurpureum (siratro) is caused by Uromyces appendiculatus var. crassitunicatus. This pathogen was believed to be closely related to the bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) rust pathogen Uromyces appendiculatus var. appendiculatus. The genetic relationship between these two fungi was investigated. Total DNA hybridisations indicated that little homology exists between the high copy genomic DNA of these two rust fungi. Random genomic probes cloned from the bean rust fungus detected extensive Polymorphisms between the two, with only one probe from 17 being monomorphic. The ribosomal DNA repeat unit was also distinguished by RFLPs. It was calculated from the RFLP data that the bean rust fungus and the siratro rust fungus share only 8-14% sequence homology. The results indicate that the two fungi, although morphologically very similar, are not closely related genetically.

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