Morphological and molecular evidence of natural interspecific hybridization in the diploid potato Solanum kurtzianum from Argentina

Botany ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Cecilia Bedonni ◽  
Elsa Lucila Camadro
Keyword(s):  
Interspecific Hybridization ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Diploid Species ◽  
Morphological Plasticity ◽  
Solanum Chacoense ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Interspecific Crosses ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Solanum Kurtzianum

The common potato, Solanum tuberosum L. subsp. tuberosum , is a tetrasomic tetraploid. This subspecies has approximately 220 related tuber-bearing species that constitute a genetic pool of enormous breeding value. The diploid species Solanum kurtzianum Bitter et Wittm., described as resistant to drought and nematodes, grows in northwestern and western Argentina and can naturally hybridize with the related diploids Solanum chacoense Bitter, Solanum spegazzinii Bitter, and Solanum maglia Schltdl., in areas of sympatry. In this species, the variability for morphological phenotypes and pollen–pistil relations in intra- and interspecific crosses is large. To investigate whether S. kurtzianum accessions available at the Germplasm Bank in Argentina belong to one taxon with great morphological plasticity or are hybrid and (or) segregant populations, these and accessions of the other three species were characterized using morphological and molecular (SSR) markers. Data were statistically analyzed with ANOVAs and AMOVA. With univariate ANOVA, only 11 characters out of 33 evaluated were statistically significant among species. With multivariate analyses, the grouping did not reflect a priori taxonomic assignments; when population averages were used, a tendency was observed towards grouping by geographical origin. With the AMOVA, only individuals within accessions were separated. Interspecific hybridization and introgression in areas of sympatry can explain these results.

Genomic instability in Solanum tuberosum × Solanum kurtzianum interspecific hybrids

Genome ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
C F Marfil ◽  
R W Masuelli ◽  
J Davison ◽  
L Comai
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Genome Instability ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Interspecific Crosses ◽  
Genomic Changes ◽  
Variation Patterns ◽  
Solanum Kurtzianum ◽  
Methylation Patterns

The use of interspecific crosses in breeding is an important strategy in improving the genetic base of the modern cultivated potato, Solanum tuberosum L. Until now, it has normally been interspecific Solanum hybrids that have been morphologically and cytologically characterized. However, little is known about the genomic changes that may occur in the hybrid nucleus owing to the combination of genomes of different origin. We have observed novel AFLP bands in Solanum tuberosum × Solanum kurtzianum diploid hybrids; 40 novel fragments were detected out of 138 AFLP fragments analyzed. No cytological abnormalities were observed in the hybrids; however, we found DNA methylation changes that could be the cause of the observed genomic instabilities. Of 277 MSAP fragments analyzed, 14% showed methylation patterns that differed between the parental species and the hybrids. We also observed frequent methylation changes in the BC1 progeny. Variation patterns among F1 and BC1 plants suggest that some methylation changes occurred at random. The changes observed may have implications for potato breeding as an additional source of variability.Key words: DNA methylation, genome instability, interspecific hybrids, potato, Solanum.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF INTERSPECIFIC HYBRIDIZATION ON CERTAIN GENETIC RATIOS IN SWEET CLOVER

1958 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 411-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Baenziger ◽  
J. E. R. Greenshields
Keyword(s):  
Interspecific Hybridization ◽  
Interspecific Crosses ◽  
Sweet Clover ◽  
Melilotus Alba ◽  
Ratio Data ◽  
Interspecific Derivatives ◽  
Derivatives Of

In crosses involving derivatives of interspecific crosses of (Melilotus alba × Melilotus dentata) and (M. officinalis × M. alba) with pure Melilotus alba, irregular ratios were shown to be common. Previous studies using pure M. alba have indicated simple Mendelian inheritances for many of the characters studied herein. However, when interspecific derivatives are involved, some plants give F2 families that do not fit any Mendelian ratio. Data are presented indicating that in segregations where the deficiency occurs it is always in the genotype that has contributed the gene from the non-recurrent species. Investigations carried out in this study are designed to determine possible causes for these "blurred" ratios.

Molecular Evidence Suggesting Interspecific Hybridization in Zoanthus spp. (Anthozoa: Hexacorallia)

2007 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 346-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Davis Reimer ◽  
Kiyotaka Takishita ◽  
Shusuke Ono ◽  
Junzo Tsukahara ◽  
Tadashi Maruyama
Keyword(s):  
Interspecific Hybridization ◽  
Molecular Evidence

Use of half-tetrad analysis to discriminate between two types of 2n egg formation in a potato haploid

Genome ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 741-745 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna E. Werner ◽  
David S. Douches ◽  
Rosanna Freyre
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
2N Gametes ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Tetrad Analysis ◽  
Recombination Rates ◽  
First Division Restitution ◽  
Egg Formation ◽  
Second Division Restitution ◽  
2N Eggs ◽  
Tetraploid Progeny

The ratio of the first division restitution (FDR) to second division restitution (SDR) 2n eggs was estimated in 4182t, a haploid (2n = 2x = 24) of Solanum tuberosum L. that produces 2n eggs by the two modes. The segregation of three genes previously mapped relative to their centromeres, Pgm-2 (2.0 cM), Mdh-1 (33.5 cM), and 6-Pgdh-3 (30.1 cM) was analyzed in the tetraploid offspring of a 2x × 4x cross. Based on the segregation of the Pgm-2 locus, 39.7% of the progeny originated from FDR 2n eggs and 60.3% from SDR. Segregation patterns of the two distal loci within the FDR-derived 4x subpopulation indicated that the gene–centromere recombination rate during megasporogenesis was significantly reduced for Mdh-1 when compared with a previous estimate during microsporogenesis. In the SDR-derived 4x subpopulation, the gene–centromere recombination rates for Mdh-1 and 6-Pgdh-3 were not significantly different from previous estimates. Tetraploid progeny generated from one 2x × 4x cross where the 2x parent produces 2n gametes by two modes can be used to make an unbiased comparison of the potential breeding value of FDR and SDR gametes.Key words: potato, megasporogenesis, first division restitution, second division restitution, isozyme.

Purification to homogeneity and characterization of nonproteolyzed potato (Solanum tuberosum) tuber hexokinase 1

Botany ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 89 (5) ◽  
pp. 289-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Claude Moisan ◽  
Jean Rivoal
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Hydrophobic Interaction Chromatography ◽  
Solanum Chacoense ◽  
Kinetic Properties ◽  
Chromatographic Separations ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Fast Flow

We have developed an extraction procedure that improves the stability of potato ( Solanum tuberosum L.) tuber hexokinase (HK) after extraction. Using this protocol, we showed that at least four HK isoforms are present in this tissue, and they can be separated by hydrophobic-interaction chromatography on a butyl-Sepharose™ 4 Fast Flow column. One of the main HK isoforms was purified to homogeneity using further chromatographic separations on red dye, DEAE Fractogel, hydroxyapatite, cibacron blue, and MonoQ matrices. HK-specific activity of this fraction (10.2 U·mg protein–1) corresponds to an enrichment of more than 5500-fold, with a yield of 0.9%. This is the highest reported HK-specific activity from a plant source. The purified enzyme consisted of a monomer with a subunit apparent Mr of 51 kDa when analyzed by SDS–PAGE. This polypeptide was recognized by affinity-purified anti- Solanum chacoense Bitt. recombinant HK IgGs. The protein was digested with trypsin and its digestion products were subjected to MS – MS sequencing after HPLC separation. The sequences of these tryptic peptides matched the predicted coding sequence of the S. tuberosum HK1 gene with a coverage of 57%. Examination of the kinetic properties of the purified protein HK1 indicates that it may be regulated by the internal O2 concentration of the tuber because of its sensitivity to acidic pHs and inhibition by ADP.

Mistletoes on mistletoes: The floral ecology of Amyema miraculosum and its host, Amyema miquelii (Loranthaceae)

1984 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 73 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Bernhardt
Keyword(s):  
Interspecific Hybridization ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Pollination Ecology ◽  
Interspecific Crosses ◽  
Obligate Parasite ◽  
Floral Ecology ◽  
Pollen Vectors ◽  
First Time ◽  
Nectar Content

In Victoria, self-incompatible Amyema miraculosum may exist as a locally obligate parasite on partially self-compatible Amyema miquelii. For the first time, the pollination ecology of a mistletoe on a mistletoe is analysed. Both species were generalist ornithophiles with overlapping flowering seasons from January to March. Consequently, the hyperparasite was in competition with its congeneric host for pollen vectors belonging to the local nectar bird guild (Meliphagidae and Zosteropidae). Amyema miquelii produced flowers that were longer-lived, and had a higher nectar content, than those of A. miraculosum. From mid February through March, A. miquelii plants offered more inflorescences, with open flowers, than A. miraculosum. There was an average of twice as many flowers on an A. miquelii inflorescence as on an A. miraculosum inflorescence, Not surprisingly, more than 70% of avian foraging bouts observed were to A. miquelii only. Eight bird species foraged for nectar on A. miquelii while only five were recorded on A. miraculosum. While 22% of all foraging bouts were interspecific, no examples of interspecific hybridization were found. This corresponds with previous observation of the reciprocal failure of interspecific crosses in vitro.

scholarly journals Interspecific hybridization between diploid Fagopyrum esculentum and tetraploid F. homotropicum

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingjie Wang ◽  
Rachael Scarth ◽  
Clayton Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Interspecific Hybridization ◽  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Genetic Recombination ◽  
Diploid Species ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Colchicine Treatment ◽  
Chromosome Elimination ◽  
Ploidy Levels

The wild diploid species Fagopyrum homotropicum (2n = 2x = 16) has been used for buckwheat improvement, but, prior to this study, the tetraploid form (2n = 4x = 32) had not been hybridized with the cultivated species F. esculentum. The objective of this study was to hybridize F. esculentum with tetraploid F. homotropicum to increase the genetic variability. Forty-one interspecific F1 hybrids were obtained through ovule rescue in vitro, with hybridity confirmed using morphological characters, chromosome numbers (2n = 3x = 24) and DNA analysis. The F1 plants were mainly sterile. However, seven seeds were set spontaneously on two hybrid plants, and a large number of seeds were obtained after colchicine treatment. The F2 plants were divided into two groups based on chromosome numbers and morphology. The first group was hexaploid plants (2n = 6x = 48) or hypohexaploid plants (2n = 44–46), partially fertile with “gigas” features including increased height, dark green leaves, and large seeds with thick seed hulls. The second group of plants was diploid (2n = 2x = 16) (one plant had 17 chromosomes), with normal growth and fertility, and a combination of characters from both parents, indicating that genetic recombination had occurred during chromosome elimination. The diploid group was superior to the hexaploid group for use in buckwheat breeding programs due to the desirable characters and the ease of crossing. This is the first report of interspecific hybridization using different ploidy levels in the Fagopyrum genus. Key words: Buckwheat (F. esculentum; F. homotropicum), interspecific hybridization, breeding, tetraploid, diploid, hexaploid, fertility

scholarly journals Collinearity between potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) and wild relatives assessed by comparative cytogenetic mapping

Genome ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 228-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Gaiero ◽  
José van de Belt ◽  
Francisco Vilaró ◽  
M. Eric Schranz ◽  
Pablo Speranza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Introgressive Hybridization ◽  
Wild Relatives ◽  
Solanum Chacoense ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Linkage Drag ◽  
Solanum Commersonii ◽  
Major Bottleneck

A major bottleneck to introgressive hybridization is the lack of genome collinearity between the donor (alien) genome and the recipient crop genome. Structural differences between the homeologs may create unbalanced segregation of chromosomes or cause linkage drag. To assess large-scale collinearity between potato and two of its wild relatives (Solanum commersonii and Solanum chacoense), we used BAC-FISH mapping of sequences with known positions on the RH potato map. BAC probes could successfully be hybridized to the S. commersonii and S. chachoense pachytene chromosomes, confirming their correspondence with linkage groups in RH potato. Our study shows that the order of BAC signals is conserved. Distances between BAC signals were quantified and compared; some differences found suggest either small-scale rearrangements or reduction/amplification of repeats. We conclude that S. commersonii and S. chacoense are collinear with cultivated Solanum tuberosum on the whole chromosome scale, making these amenable species for efficient introgressive hybridization breeding.

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