A SPORE TRAP OF THE VASELINE SLIDE TYPE

1959 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 1277-1278 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Hopkins
Keyword(s):  
Spore Trap ◽  
Slide Type

Weather Conditions and Spore Trap Catches of Barley Mildew

1973 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. P. Smith ◽  
R. R. Davies
Keyword(s):  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Spore Trap ◽  
Trap Catches

scholarly journals SENSIBILIZACIÓN Y EXPOSICIÓN A PÓLENES Y ESPORAS DE HONGOS ALERGÉNICOS AEROTRANSPORTADOS EN CIUDADES DEL SUR DE PERÚ

2019 ◽  
pp. 7-10
Author(s):  
Oscar Manuel Calderón Llosa ◽  
Silvia Antonieta Uriarte Obando ◽  
Gregorio Pedro Tejada Monroy
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Spore Trap ◽  
Cladosporium Herbarum ◽  
Olea Europea ◽  
Burkard Spore Trap

Introducción y objetivos: Es muy importante el conocimiento de las fluctuaciones estacionales y anuales sobre los pólenes y esporas de hongos alergénicos aerotransportados en cualquier área geográfica. Nuestro objetivo fue identificar los aeroalérgenos más importantes en la atmósfera de la ciudad urbana de Tacna a los cuales la población está expuesta y desarrollar un estudio alergológico para establecer perfiles de sensibilización en las ciudades de Tacna y Arequipa. Material y métodos: El conteo polínico y fúngico se realizó de acuerdo a la técnica estandarizada con un equipo Burkard spore trap for 7 days (Burkard manufacturing ®, Herst, United Kingdom) y el procedimiento de análisis recomendado por el comité de aerobiología de la Sociedad Española de Alergología e Inmunología Clínica. El estudio alergológico consistió en anamnesis y pruebas cutáneas con extractos (ALK-abello®, Madrid-España). Resultados: Los 3 tipos de esporas de hongos más relevantes que se encontraron durante el periodo de muestreo en orden de abundancia fueron: Cladosporium herbarum (47,22%), Alternaria alternata (33%). Nigrospora spp (19,8%). También encontramos 4 taxones polínicos: Oleacea (94,1%), Chenopodiaceae-Amaranthaceae (3%), Poaceae (2,08%), Myrtaceoe (Eucalipto)(0,77%). Perfil de sensibilización al polen de Olea europea, en muestras aleatorias en las ciudades de Tacna (40%) y Arequipa (36%) y a Alternaria alternata (4%) y (8%) respectivamente. Conclusiones: Éste es el primer estudio realizado en Perú sobre sensibilización y concentraciones de granos de polen y esporas de hongos medidos por método volumétrico. Sugerimos ampliar estudios e implementar estaciones de aerobiología que provean mayor información y sirvan como guía para una mejor prevención, diagnóstico y tratamiento para la población de la zona sur de Perú con enfermedades alérgicas.

scholarly journals A Computer-Controlled Environmental Chamber for the Study of Aerial Fungal Spore Release

1997 ◽  
Vol 87 (10) ◽  
pp. 1078-1084 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. R. Gottwald ◽  
T. M. Trocine ◽  
L. W. Timmer
Keyword(s):  
Data Acquisition ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Venturia Inaequalis ◽  
Data Acquisition System ◽  
Environmental Data ◽  
Acquisition System ◽  
Leaf Wetness ◽  
Environmental Chamber ◽  
Spore Trap ◽  
Spore Release

An environmental chamber was designed to study aerial release of spores of ascomycetes and hyphomycetes, based on a device developed by C. M. Leach. Relative humidity (RH), temperature, red (660 nm) and infrared (880 nm) light, leaf wetness, wind speed, vibration, and rain events are controlled and monitored within the chamber via an RTC-HC11 real-time controller and data-acquisition system. A BASIC11 computer program is uploaded to and controls the system. The program requests values for environmental parameters that change through time according to user specifications. The controller interacts with a stepper motor, solenoids, and relay switches via a feedback system based on data received from solid-state RH, temperature, and leaf-wetness sensors. The data-acquisition system records environmental data from the chamber in RAM (random access memory) that can be downloaded to a personal computer for correlation with spore-release data. Spores released from fungal specimens on plant tissues and cultures placed in the chamber and subjected to the desired environmental conditions are collected on a continuous volumetric spore trap at an exhaust port from the chamber. The performance of the device was examined by measuring spore release of Mycosphaerella citri, Alternaria solani, and Venturia inaequalis under various environmental conditions.

Papanicolaou Tests With Mixed High-Grade and Low-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion Features: Distinct Performance in the College of American Pathologists Interlaboratory Comparison Program in Cervicovaginal Cytopathology

2006 ◽  
Vol 130 (4) ◽  
pp. 456-459
Author(s):  
Andrew A. Renshaw ◽  
Dina R. Mody ◽  
Patricia Styer ◽  
Mary Schwartz ◽  
Barbara Ducatman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interlaboratory Comparison ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion ◽  
Performance Trends ◽  
Mixed Features ◽  
Intraepithelial Lesion ◽  
Slide Type ◽  
Pure Versus ◽  
Better Than

Abstract Context.—Previous studies have shown that in gynecologic cytology, cases of low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) perform differently on interpretive review. The performance of cases with mixed LSIL and HSIL features is unknown. Objective.—To compare the performance of gynecologic cytology cases of “pure” LSIL and HSIL with cases showing mixed LSIL and HSIL features. Design.—We compiled performance data from the College of American Pathologists Interlaboratory Comparison Program in Cervicovaginal Cytopathology from the years 2003 and 2004, and compared the performance of slides showing relatively pure LSIL and HSIL (≤10% misclassification as HSIL and LSIL, respectively) with slides showing mixed LSIL or HSIL features (cases misclassified as LSIL or HSIL >10% of the time). Results.—Interpretations from a total of 4508 cases (2452 HSIL and 2056 LSIL) were analyzed. Overall, the sensitivity of participants on slides with a reference diagnosis of HSIL was 97.3%, and of LSIL was 95.9%. Performance trends for pure versus mixed cases varied by slide type and reference diagnosis. For conventional slides, participant sensitivity on pure HSIL cases was greatest (98.0%) and on pure LSIL cases was least (95.2%), while participant performance on cases with mixed features was intermediate (97.0% for mixed HSIL and 96.7% for mixed LSIL). In contrast, participant performance on ThinPrep slides showed the greatest sensitivity for mixed LSIL slides (97.9%), while performance on mixed HSIL slides showed the lowest sensitivity (95.7%); slides with pure features had intermediate sensitivity levels (96.3% for both HSIL and LSIL). Further evaluation demonstrated that conventional pure HSIL slides performed significantly better than mixed HSIL slides (P = .006), whereas mixed LSIL slides performed better than pure LSIL slides (P = .01). For ThinPrep slides, pure HSIL cases performed similarly to mixed HSIL cases (P = .43), while mixed LSIL cases performed better than pure LSIL cases (P = .04). Conclusion.—Slides with mixed LSIL and HSIL features have measurably distinct performance characteristics in comparison to slides with pure LSIL or HSIL features. Participant performance on conventional mixed cases is distinctly different from performance on ThinPrep mixed cases.

scholarly journals Effect of temperature, leaf wetness, and rainfall on the production of Guignardia citricarpa ascospores and on back spot severity on sweet orange

2006 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renato F. Reis ◽  
Lavern W. Timmer ◽  
Antonio de Goes
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Orange ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Black Spot ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Leaf Wetness ◽  
Total Rainfall ◽  
Spore Trap ◽  
Guignardia Citricarpa ◽  
Ascospore Production

The black spot of citrus (Citrus sp.) is caused by Guignardia citricarpa with ascospore production depending on temperature, leaf wetness, and rainfall. The number of ascospores produced was monitored using a spore trap and climatic factors were recorded using an automated meteorological station of 'Natal' and 'Valencia' sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) orchards in Mogi Guaçu in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, from November 2000 to March 2001. The fruits were bagged to prevent infection and the bags removed from different sets of fruit for one week during each of the 18 weeks of the season in both orchards. Ascospores were produced during the entire experimental period, from spring through summer, primarily after rain events. In both orchards, ascospore production reached a peak in January and February. Ascospore production was related to leaf wetness only in the Natal orange orchard but was not related to total rainfall or temperature in either orchard. Disease was most severe on fruit exposed the 7th, 8th, and 13th weeks after beginning the experiment in both cultivars as well as after the 16th week for 'Natal'. There was a strong relationship between disease severity and total rainfall for both orchards and a weak correlation between temperature and severity in the 'Natal' block only. There was no relationship between severity and leaf wetness or ascospore numbers.

Release and dispersal of pollen from dwarf mistletoe on jack pine in Manitoba in relation to microclimate

1990 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeannie Gilbert ◽  
David Punter
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Jack Pine ◽  
Dwarf Mistletoe ◽  
Spore Trap ◽  
Insect Visitors ◽  
Time Lapse Photography

The release and dispersal of pollen of Arceuthobiumamericanum Nutt. ex Engelm. parasitizing Pinusbanksiana Lamb. were examined in relation to microclimate in southern Manitoba. Time-lapse photography revealed that once open, the long-lived staminate flowers remain open. The anthers, however, open in response to rising temperatures and falling relative humidities and close under the reverse conditions. Small Diptera (Sciaridae) appeared on the photographs on 25 occasions during the wet spring of 1986. Nectar was scarce on pistillate flowers, but accumulated on the central cushions of staminate flowers when relative humidities were high. In the dry spring of 1987, nectar was rarely seen on the staminate flowers and one small dipteran was photographed just once. Large beads of concentrated nectar (50–65% sugar), however, formed on the stigmas in 1987. Large Diptera were rarely seen in 1986, but were numerous in 1987. Visits to staminate flowers were more frequent than to pistillate (2.7:1.0), but individual insects spent more time on pistillate flowers than staminate (9.6:1.0 s). Pollen grains, trapped on a continuously recording volumetric spore trap, increased in number during warm periods and fluctuated when weather alternated between rainy and dry. Pollination is effected by unspecialized insect visitors and wind. Like other diclinous species, A. americanum represents a compromise between entomophily and anemophily.

scholarly journals Effects of Temperature and Duration of Preconditioning Cold Treatment on Sclerotial Germination of Claviceps purpurea

Plant Disease ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 100 (10) ◽  
pp. 2080-2086 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sai Sree Uppala ◽  
B. M. Wu ◽  
S. C. Alderman
Keyword(s):  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Cold Treatment ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Claviceps Purpurea ◽  
Willamette Valley ◽  
Spore Trap ◽  
C Cycle ◽  
Incubation Temperatures ◽  
Ascospore Production ◽  
Sclerotial Germination

Claviceps purpurea is an important ovary-infecting pathogen that replaces seed with sclerotia in Kentucky bluegrass grown for seed. Sclerotia overwinter in the soil and germinate in the spring to produce ascospores that infect grass seed ovaries. To better understand environmental conditions affecting ascospore production, the effects of preconditioning cold treatment and subsequent incubation temperature on germination of sclerotia were determined in growth chambers under controlled conditions. Preconditioning cold treatment was essential for germination only in treatments where the incubation temperature was high (at least higher than 20°C). At lower incubation temperatures (10 to 20°C), preconditioning also played a role in improving sclerotial germination. Preconditioning at 4°C (in darkness) for 4 to 8 weeks followed by incubation at 10 and 20°C (cycle of 12 h each of darkness and light), or constant 15°C (cycle of 12 h each of darkness and light), was optimal for ergot germination. When sclerotia were preconditioned for 4 weeks or longer, number of incubation days required for initiation of germination was not affected by temperature in the range from 10 to 25°C (cycle of 12 h each of darkness and light), although the duration of germination (or the progress speed of germination) was still affected by temperature. A simple model was developed based on laboratory results and validated with historic spore trap data collected from various Kentucky bluegrass fields in Oregon (Willamette Valley, central Oregon, and Grande Ronde Valley). The prediction model could predict ascospore onset well and explained 55% of variation in the data.

scholarly journals Early Detection of Airborne Inoculum of Nothopassalora personata in Spore Trap Samples from Peanut Fields Using Quantitative PCR

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1327
Author(s):  
Misbakhul Munir ◽  
Hehe Wang ◽  
Nicholas S. Dufault ◽  
Daniel J. Anco
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Pcr ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Decision Support Tool ◽  
Qpcr Assay ◽  
Symptom Development ◽  
Spore Trap ◽  
Support Tool ◽  
Airborne Inoculum ◽  
History Of

A quantitative PCR (qPCR)-assay was developed to detect airborne inoculum of Nothopassalora personata, causal agent of late leaf spot (LLS) on peanut, collected with a modified impaction spore trap. The qPCR assay was able to consistently detect as few as 10 spores with purified DNA and 25 spores based on crude DNA extraction from rods. In 2019, two spore traps were placed in two peanut fields with a history of LLS. Sampling units were replaced every 2 to 4 days and tested with the developed qPCR assay, while plots were monitored for symptom development. The system detected inoculum 35 to 56 days before visual symptoms developed in the field, with detection related to environmental parameters affecting pathogen life-cycle and disease development. This study develops the framework of the qPCR spore trap system and represents the initial steps towards validation of the performance of the system for use as a decision support tool to complement integrated management of LLS.

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