STUDIES ON RUBUS VIRUS DISEASES IN BRITISH COLUMBIA: IX. RINGSPOT DISEASE OF RED RASPBERRY

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (7) ◽  
pp. 905-912 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Stace-Smith
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Cross Protection ◽  
Ringspot Virus ◽  
Mechanical Transmission ◽  
Red Raspberry ◽  
Virus Diseases ◽  
Tomato Ringspot Virus ◽  
First Time

A virus disease of red raspberry that has been known in Oregon and Washington for several years was observed for the first time in British Columbia in 1961. The disease is characterized by chlorotic blotches, ringspot, or oak leaf markings, or a net-like chlorosis along the smaller veins of the leaves on the young canes. The virus nature of the disease was demonstrated by mechanical transmission from raspberry leaves to herbaceous plants. From physical properties and symptoms on a range of herbaceous hosts and peach seedlings, the virus was considered to be related to tomato ringspot virus. This relationship was confirmed by comparative host reactions and cross protection studies with known strains of tomato ringspot virus.

STUDIES ON RUBUS VIRUS DISEASES IN BRITISH COLUMBIA: VII. RASPBERRY VEIN CHLOROSIS

1961 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 559-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Stace-Smith
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
Fragaria Vesca ◽  
Red Raspberry ◽  
Virus Diseases ◽  
Virus Source ◽  
Characteristic Symptom

A virus disease occurring in the Lloyd George variety of red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) in British Columbia has been identified as raspberry vein chlorosis, a disease previously reported from Scotland. The virus was transmitted to the Lloyd George and Washington varieties of red raspberry, loganberry (R. loganobaccus Bailey), and the Alpine strawberry (Fragaria vesca L.) by the aphid Aphis idaei V.d.G. In each of these hosts, the characteristic symptom was a net-like chlorosis of the tissue bordering the smaller veins of the leaf. The large raspberry aphid, Amphorophora rubi (Kalt.), was not a vector. Experiments using A. idaei showed that most individuals require more than 1 day on the virus source to become viruliferous. The length of time that aphids remained viruliferous depended upon the conditions of the test; viruliferous aphids feeding upon healthy raspberry plants lost the ability to transmit the virus within a day, while those feeding upon strawberry, or held in a Petri dish without food, retained the virus longer than 1 day.

STUDIES ON RUBUS VIRUS DISEASES IN BRITISH COLUMBIA: I. RUBUS YELLOW-NET

1955 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Stace-Smith
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
North American ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Black Raspberry ◽  
Red Raspberry ◽  
Virus Diseases ◽  
Characteristic Symptom ◽  
Leaf Veins ◽  
American Black

A virus disease occurring on Himalaya blackberry (Rubus procerus P. J. Muell.) was transmitted to Washington red raspberry (R. strigosus Michx.), tropical black raspberry (R. albescens Roxb.), and North American black raspberry (R. occidentalis L.). A net-like chlorosis of the tissue bordering the smaller leaf veins is the characteristic symptom, consequently the name "Rubus yellow-net" is proposed for the virus and disease. The virus is transmitted by the raspberry aphid Amphorophora rubi Kalt. It may be acquired by the aphid after a one-hour feeding and usually persists in the vector less than four hours.

STUDIES ON RUBUS VIRUS DISEASES IN BRITISH COLUMBIA: II. BLACK RASPBERRY NECROSIS

1955 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 314-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Stace-Smith
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Latent Virus ◽  
Black Raspberry ◽  
Red Raspberry ◽  
Virus Diseases ◽  
Black Raspberries ◽  
Rubus Occidentalis

Raspberry indexing in British Columbia demonstrated that several varieties are carrying a latent virus that induces mild symptons in other red raspberry varieties and severe symptoms on black raspberries (Rubus occidentalis L.). The name black raspberry necrosis is proposed for the disease and virus. The virus is transmitted by the aphid Amphorophora rubi Kalt. It may be acquired by the aphid after a half-hour feeding and transmitted with a two-minute transfer feeding. Most aphids lose their ability to transmit the virus within one and a half hours after leaving the source of inoculum.

STUDIES ON RUBUS VIRUS DISEASES IN BRITISH COLUMBIA: V. THIMBLEBERRY RING SPOT

1958 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 385-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Stace-Smith
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Black Raspberry ◽  
Red Raspberry ◽  
Virus Diseases ◽  
Ring Spot

A ring spot mottling that occurs on the wild thimbleberry (Rubus parviflorus Nutt.) in British Columbia was proved to be caused by a virus. The virus was transmitted to thimbleberry, black raspberry (R. occidentalis L.), red raspberry (R. strigosus Michx.), and R. henryi Hemsl. & Kuntse. Three species of aphids belonging to the genus Amphorophora transmitted the virus, but the large raspberry aphid (A. rubi Kalt.) was not a vector. The name "thimbleberry ring spot" is proposed for the virus and the disease.

EFFECTS OF TOMATO RINGSPOT VIRUS ON THE GROWTH AND YIELD OF RED RASPBERRY

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 749-754 ◽  
Author(s):  
JACK A. FREEMAN ◽  
R. STACE-SMITH ◽  
HUGH A. DAUBENY
Keyword(s):  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
Ringspot Virus ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Red Raspberry ◽  
Tomato Ringspot Virus

Tomato ringspot virus (TomRSV) was graft-inoculated into 10 raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) cultivars in 1970 and plants of root cuttings from infected and virus-free (VF) plants were established in the field in 1971. Data were recorded on the growth of the newly propagated plants in 1971 and on growth and yield in 1972, 1973 and 1974. TomRSV infection resulted in retarding the growth of the young plants arising from the root cuttings of 8 of the 10 cultivars. Chlorotic ringspot markings were evident on many of the young plants arising from the root cuttings, but in subsequent years very few foliar markings were observed. A year after the plants were established, the canes of six cultivars were shorter than those of VF clones. The cultivars Avon, Latham, Lloyd George, and Mailing Jewel had significantly shorter canes in each of the 3 yr that measurements were taken. Only two cultivars, Carnival and Lloyd George, showed a reduction in yield in the 1st cropping year. By the 3rd cropping year, Avon, Glen Clova, Latham, Lloyd George and Meeker all showed a significant reduction in yield. Avon and Lloyd George also showed reduced fruit size. When all growth parameters were considered, the cultivar ranking in order of decreasing susceptibility was as follows: Lloyd George, Avon, Latham, Glen Clova, Meeker, Matsqui, Mailing Jewel, Carnival, Puyallup, and Canby.

STUDIES OF VIRUS DISEASES OF STRAWBERRIES IN BRITISH COLUMBIA: I. THE REACTION OF THE BRITISH SOVEREIGN VARIETY AND THE INDICATOR FRAGARIA VESCA TO YELLOWS

1951 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 182-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randal E. Fitzpatrick ◽  
Frances C. Mellor
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Fragaria Vesca ◽  
Virus Diseases ◽  
Field Evidence ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Experimental Inoculation

British Sovereign, the commercial strawberry variety of British Columbia, has shown no field evidence of degeneration from the virus disease, yellows, that is attacking the Marshall variety in the Pacific Northwest. However, experimental inoculation of British Sovereign by stolon grafting to a yellows-infected Marshall plant proved the British Sovereign to be susceptible to yellows. As with the Marshall, infected plants were reduced in size and the foliage tended to flatten towards the grounds but, unlike the Marshall, there was no pronounced yellowing. When Fragaria vesca was grafted to a yellows-infected Marshall plant the reaction was rapid and severe. The older leaves flattened to the ground, the young runner tips hooked back, the newly developing leaves, though relatively well proportioned, were minute and yellow at the margins, and the plants eventually died.

Modeling the effects of cross-protection control in plant disease with seasonality

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (06) ◽  
pp. 1750088
Author(s):  
Shujing Gao ◽  
Lijun Xia ◽  
Jialin Wang ◽  
Zujin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Plant Disease ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Disease Model ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Integral Form ◽  
Cross Protection ◽  
Global Dynamics ◽  
Virus Diseases ◽  
Virus Isolates ◽  
Plant Virus Disease

Cross-protection in plants has been widely used to control losses caused by virus diseases in the world. Here, a non-autonomous plant-virus disease model was developed including cross-protection. Global dynamics of the model was discussed. Under the quite weak assumptions, integral form conditions were resolved for permanence of the system and extinction of diseases. Furthermore, we looked into the sufficient conditions that plants could be protected against the detrimental effects of infection by an infection with the mild virus isolates. Last, we performed numerical simulations. Our investigations suggested that cross-protection played an important role in controlling the spread of the challenging virus in plants.

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