EFFECTS OF TOMATO RINGSPOT VIRUS ON THE GROWTH AND YIELD OF RED RASPBERRY

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 749-754 ◽  
Author(s):  
JACK A. FREEMAN ◽  
R. STACE-SMITH ◽  
HUGH A. DAUBENY
Keyword(s):  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
Ringspot Virus ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Red Raspberry ◽  
Tomato Ringspot Virus

Tomato ringspot virus (TomRSV) was graft-inoculated into 10 raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) cultivars in 1970 and plants of root cuttings from infected and virus-free (VF) plants were established in the field in 1971. Data were recorded on the growth of the newly propagated plants in 1971 and on growth and yield in 1972, 1973 and 1974. TomRSV infection resulted in retarding the growth of the young plants arising from the root cuttings of 8 of the 10 cultivars. Chlorotic ringspot markings were evident on many of the young plants arising from the root cuttings, but in subsequent years very few foliar markings were observed. A year after the plants were established, the canes of six cultivars were shorter than those of VF clones. The cultivars Avon, Latham, Lloyd George, and Mailing Jewel had significantly shorter canes in each of the 3 yr that measurements were taken. Only two cultivars, Carnival and Lloyd George, showed a reduction in yield in the 1st cropping year. By the 3rd cropping year, Avon, Glen Clova, Latham, Lloyd George and Meeker all showed a significant reduction in yield. Avon and Lloyd George also showed reduced fruit size. When all growth parameters were considered, the cultivar ranking in order of decreasing susceptibility was as follows: Lloyd George, Avon, Latham, Glen Clova, Meeker, Matsqui, Mailing Jewel, Carnival, Puyallup, and Canby.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF TOMATO RINGSPOT VIRUS ON DRUPELET SET OF RED RASPBERRY CULTIVARS

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 755-759 ◽  
Author(s):  
HUGH A. DAUBENY ◽  
R. STACE-SMITH ◽  
JACK A. FREEMAN
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Male Fertility ◽  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
Female Fertility ◽  
Ringspot Virus ◽  
Red Raspberry ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Pollen Quality ◽  
Tomato Ringspot Virus

Tomato ringspot virus (Tom RSV) had particularly adverse effects on drupelet set of the red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) cultivars Avon and Lloyd George. It affected Matsqui, Puyallup and Newburgh to a lesser extent. In Tom RSV-infected Newburgh, reduced drupelet set occurred only on those plants showing decline symptoms. With Avon and Lloyd George, reduced drupelet set appeared to involve reductions in male and female fertility. In Matsqui, Puyallup and Newburgh, male fertility as determined by pollen quality did not seem to be affected. Tom RSV did not affect drupelet set of Canby, Carnival, Glen Clova, Latham, Malling Jewel and Meeker.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of Xiphinema americanum and Tomato ringspot virus on Red Raspberry, Rubus idaeus

Plant Disease ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 364-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. N. Pinkerton ◽  
J. Kraus ◽  
R. R. Martin ◽  
R. P. Schreiner
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
Ringspot Virus ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Infested Soil ◽  
Red Raspberry ◽  
Rate Of Spread ◽  
Tomato Ringspot Virus ◽  
Systemic Spread ◽  
Gravid Females

Population dynamics of Xiphinema americanum and transmission of Tomato ringspot virus (ToRSV) were studied in a red raspberry field in Washington State. Population densities of X. americanum were highest in the winter, lowest in the summer, and were correlated with precipitation (R2 = 0.42). All nematode stages were present throughout the year. Gravid females were observed only in the spring, indicating one generation per year. The sequence of the coat protein of the ToRSV from this field was similar to those of other raspberry isolates from the Pacific Northwest. Cucumber seedlings were planted in soil collected monthly from the field and were evaluated for nematode transmission of ToRSV by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The proportion of assay plants infected with ToRSV was negatively correlated with nematode densities (R2 = 0.31). In another study, ToRSV was detected by ELISA in fine roots of raspberry plants 5 months after planting in field soil infested with viruliferous nematodes, in all subterranean portions of plants after 12 months, and in all aerial portions the second year. The rate of spread of ToRSV in a raspberry field was 70 cm per year. These results suggest that the rate of ToRSV spread is limited by systemic spread of virus in plants when nematode-infested soil is not transported in the field.

scholarly journals Genetic Parameters and Breeding for Yield in Red Raspberry

2012 ◽  
Vol 137 (4) ◽  
pp. 229-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Joseph Stephens ◽  
Peter A. Alspach ◽  
Ron A. Beatson ◽  
Chris Winefield ◽  
Emily J. Buck
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Correlation ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Red Raspberry ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
Breeding Values ◽  
Berry Weight ◽  
Small Fruit

For most small fruit-breeding programs, high yield is a key objective and breeders face a number of challenges breeding for high yield, including interaction of environmental influences and the high cost of yield measurements. Red raspberry (Rubus idaeus) yield is determined by a number of yield components (YC), including cane number, cane length, number of fruiting laterals, fruit numbers, and fruit size. The ultimate goal for breeders would be to be able to select for high-yield genotypes using key YC as early in the life of the plant as possible. In this study we set out to determine how individual components of yield are inherited, determine which components contribute the most to total yield, and investigate whether it is possible using key components to make selections for high-yielding genotypes on 1- and 2-year-old plants. We estimated variance components, heritabilities, phenotypic and genotypic correlations, and breeding values for yield and YC from 1008 genotypes based on 85 families derived from 45 parents harvested over three seasons in Washington state. Narrow-sense heritability estimates varied from moderately low [0.2 for number of canes (NCAN)] to moderately high [0.69 for berry weight (BWT)]. In general, all YCs were positively correlated with total yield (TYLD). The highest genetic correlation with TYLD was found for BWT (0.8), followed by cane length (CLEN) (0.54) and number of fruit per lateral (NFRT) (0.5). NCAN had the lowest genetic correlation with TYLD (–0.03). Genotype × year (G×Y) interaction was higher for some YCs than others. Berry weight, lateral length (LLEN), and NFRT were found to be the most stable overall seasons and the interaction was higher between the first and second years than between the second and third years of the study. To determine the most important YC, we calculated the correlations between the product of all combinations of subsets of the YC breeding values and TYLD. Berry weight, CLEN, and cane diameter (CDIA) were found to be the most important for 2009, 2010, and 2011, respectively. The two most important YCs were LLEN and BWT and this was consistent overall seasons. We demonstrate that it is possible to select high-yielding genotypes by measuring key components such as LLEN, CLEN, and BWT in the first and second fruiting seasons.

scholarly journals Root Pruning Effects on Growth and Yield of Red Raspberry

HortScience ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 681-684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca L. Darnell ◽  
Horacio E. Alvarado-Raya ◽  
Jeffrey G. Williamson
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
Annual Production ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Root Pruning ◽  
Red Raspberry ◽  
Carbohydrate Concentration

Annual production systems for red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) have been proposed for off-season production or for increasing crop diversity in warm winter climates. However, yields in these annual systems are low compared with annual yields in perennial production systems. The yield reduction may be from the root pruning that occurs during removal and shipment of the canes from the nursery. This would result in significant root loss and may decrease the availability of root carbohydrates for reproductive development. To investigate this, ‘Cascade Delight’ red raspberry plants were root pruned during dormancy, and growth and fruiting of these plants were compared with non root-pruned controls the next season. Dry weights of all organs except floricane stems increased throughout the growing season; however, root pruning decreased root, floricane lateral, and total fruit dry weight compared with no root pruning. The yield decrease observed in root-pruned plants was because of a decrease in flower and fruit number per cane compared with the control. Total carbohydrate concentration in roots of root-pruned and non root-pruned plants decreased significantly between pruning and budbreak; however, root carbohydrate concentration and content were always lower in root-pruned compared with non root-pruned plants. The lower root carbohydrate availability in root-pruned compared with non root-pruned plants during budbreak apparently limited flower bud formation/differentiation, resulting in decreased yield. These results suggest that yields in annual red raspberry production systems are limited because of the loss of root carbohydrates during removal from the nursery. Management practices that increase yield per plant (e.g., by ameliorating root loss) or increase yields per hectare (e.g., by increasing planting density) are needed to render the annual production system economically viable.

scholarly journals Annual, Off-season Raspberry Production in Warm Season Climates

2006 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca L. Darnell ◽  
Horacio E. Alvarado ◽  
Jeffrey G. Williamson ◽  
Bryan Brunner ◽  
María Plaza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Red Raspberry ◽  
Fresh Market ◽  
Winter Climate ◽  
Market Prices

There is increasing interest in red raspberry (Rubus idaeus) production worldwide due to increased demand for both fresh and processed fruit. Although the United States is the third largest raspberry producer in the world, domestic demand exceeds supply, and the shortage in fresh market raspberries is filled by imported fruit from Canada during July and August, and from Mexico and Chile during November through May. The raspberry harvest season is well defined and the perishability of the fruit limits postharvest storage. Winter production of raspberry in tropical and subtropical climates could extend the harvest season and allow off-season fruit production during periods of high market prices. The objective of the current study was to examine growth and yield of red raspberry cultivars grown in an annual winter production system in Florida and Puerto Rico. Long cane cultivars were purchased from a nursery in the Pacific northwestern U.S. in 2002 (`Heritage' and `Tulameen'), 2003 (`Tulameen' and `Willamette'), and 2004 (`Tulameen' and `Cascade Delight') and planted in raised beds in polyethylene tunnels in December (Florida) or under an open-sided polyethylene structure in January-March (Puerto Rico). In Florida, harvest occurred from ∼mid-March through the end of May, while in Puerto Rico, harvest occurred from the end of March through early June (except in 2002, when canes were planted in March). Yields per cane varied with cultivar, but ranged from ∼80 to 600 g/cane for `Tulameen', 170 to 290 g/cane for `Heritage', 135 to 350 g/cane for `Willamette', and ∼470 g/cane for `Cascade Delight'. Economic analysis suggests that, at this point, returns on this system would be marginal. However, increasing cane number per unit area and increasing pollination efficiency may increase yields, while planting earlier would increase the return per unit. The key to success may hinge on developing a system where multi-year production is feasible in a warm winter climate.

scholarly journals Jenkka and Jatsi, two new red raspberry cultivars

1997 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pirjo Dalman ◽  
Heimo Hiirsalmi ◽  
Tarja Hietaranta ◽  
Minna-Maria Linna
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
Breeding Programme ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Red Raspberry ◽  
Good Flavour

The red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) cultivars Jenkka and Jatsi have been released from the berry breeding programme of the Agricultural Research Centre of Finland. Cv. Jenkka was selected for its good winterhardiness and reliable yield, and cv. Jatsi for its good flavour, large fruit size and moderate winterhardiness. Both cultivars are suitable for the fresh and pick-your-own market.

scholarly journals Plant Growth and Yield of Red Raspberry following Primocane Defoliation

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 920-922 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.A. Raworth ◽  
S.J. Clements
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Tetranychus Urticae ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Spider Mite ◽  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Twospotted Spider Mite ◽  
Red Raspberry ◽  
Lateral Length ◽  
Twospotted Spider

Red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L. cv. Willamette) primocanes were artificially defoliated to various degrees and at two dates in each of 2 years to simulate defoliation caused by the twospotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch). The effect on primocane diameter, lateral length, yield and four yield components was determined. When defoliation occurred evenly along the length of the primocanes, and all floricanes and excess primocanes were removed in early Aug. 1989, yield was reduced 26% at 25%, 50%, and 75% defoliation and 55% at 100% defoliation compared with nondefoliated controls. The number of canes per stool, number of fruit per lateral, and weight per fruit were reduced when defoliation occurred earlier, in August rather than September, but the number of laterals per cane increased with early defoliation. The effect of increasing defoliation on plant growth and yield was generally nonlinear. When defoliation occurred in sections along the lower 2 m of all primocanes, and all floricanes and excess primocanes were removed in Nov. 1992, no significant differences in yield or three yield components were detected. The effects of primocane defoliation are not necessarily predictable, so T. urticae should be controlled before mite-induced defoliation occurs.

scholarly journals Vegetative Growth and Fruit Yield of Three Types of Micropropagated `Redwing' Red Raspberry Nursery Stock

1994 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 359-361
Author(s):  
Chad Finn ◽  
Michele Warmund ◽  
Chris Starbuck
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Red Raspberry ◽  
Dormant Stage ◽  
Nursery Stock ◽  
Second Year

The vegetative growth and fruit yield of three types of micropropagated `Redwing' red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L. var. idaeus) nursery stock were compared. The three types of nursery material included: 1) stage IV (S-IV) actively growing plants; 2) dormant-stage IV (DS-IV) plants; and 3) nursery-matured (NM) S-IV plants, grown for 8 to 12 weeks in the field before harvest for cold storage. On 1 Apr. 1991, primocane-fruiting `Redwing' plants of each type were planted 0.6 m apart in ridged, drip-irrigated, and straw-mulched rows spaced 3 m apart in six, three-plant replications. In the establishment year, a small, but commercially viable, crop was harvested from 16 Aug. 1991 to 28 Oct. 1991. The S-IV and NM plants produced greater yields than DS-IV plants in the establishment year. However, by the end of the second year, the S-IV plants had the greatest fruit yield, followed by NM, with the DS-IV plants continuing to have the lowest yield. Fruit size of the S-IV plants was largest in both years. While there were differences in dry weight during the planting year, by the experiment's conclusion, the dry weights were similar among all nursery types. When planting `Redwing', the less-expensive, easier-to-handle, and higher-yielding S-IV plants would be recommended over the other nursery types.

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