Effects of red raspberry polyphenols and metabolites on biomarkers of inflammation and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes: A pilot study

Berry fruits are rich in polyphenolic compounds (PCs) and may promote health benefits. Anthocyanin (ACNs) concentrations of red raspberry (RR)(Rubus idaeus) extracts were 887.6 ± 262.8 μg/g consisting mainly of...

Effect of Modified Atmosphere Packaging (MAP) and UV-C Irradiation on Postharvest Quality of Red Raspberries

Red raspberries (Rubus idaeus L.) are highly appreciated by consumers. However, their postharvest shelf life scarcely exceeds 5 d under the refrigeration temperatures usually applied during commercialization, due to their high susceptibility to dehydration, softening and rot incidence. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate the ability of UV-C radiation (UV1: 2 kJ m−2 and UV2: 4 kJ m−2), passive modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) with transmission rates (TR) for O2 and CO2 of 1805 mL d−1 and 1570 mL d−1 (MAP1), and 902 mL d−1 and 785 mL d−1 (MAP2), respectively, and the combination of both technologies to prolong raspberries’ shelf life at 6 °C. Their influence on respiration, physicochemical parameters, and microbiological and nutritional quality was assessed during 12 d of storage. The combination of 4 kJ m−2 UV-C radiation and a packaging film with O2 and CO2 transmission rates of 902 mL d−1 and 785 mL d−1, respectively, produced a synergistic effect against rot development, delaying senescence of the fruit. The UV2MAP2 and MAP2 samples only showed 1.66% rot incidence after 8 d of storage. The UV2MAP2 samples also had higher bioactive content (1.76 g kg−1 of gallic acid equivalents (GAE), 1.08 g kg−1 of catechin equivalents (CE) and 0.32 g kg−1 of cyanidin 3-O-glucoside equivalents (CGE)) than the control samples at the end of their shelf life. Moreover, the mass loss was minimal (0.56%), and fruit color and firmness were maintained during shelf life. However, the rest of the batches were not suitable for commercialization after 4 d due to excessive mold development.

Rubus idaeus L. fruit nutrients are affected by different growing technologies

The biochemical compounds of red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) fruits cultivated with conventional growing technology and on a nutrient substrate were studied during 2019–2020 at the Federal Horticultural Research Center for Breeding, Agrotechnology and Nursery, Moscow, Russia. The antioxidant activity, phenolic compounds, and ash constituents of the fruits and the metabolites of the alcoholic extract of the raspberries were determined. The effect of growing technologies, i.e., conventional vs. nutrient substrate, on the accumulation of macro- and microelements in raspberry fruits was established. In red raspberries grown on nutrient substrate, the antioxidant activity decreased by 25 times (aqueous extract) and 1.5 times (alcoholic extract). The K and Na contents and Se contents of red raspberries grown on nutrient substrate were 1.5 and 3 times higher than those of raspberries of grown with conventional technology. Raspberries grown with conventional technology contained 2 times more Ca, Ni, and Mn and 7.4 times more Fe than raspberries grown on nutrient substrate. The total amount of elements in raspberries grown through soilless cultivation was 5.5% higher than that in berries grown conventionally. A total of 48 compounds were identified in the alcoholic extracts, and only 29 substances were found in berries grown on a nutrient substrate. Sugar and citric acid constituted the largest share of red raspberry components. Fructose and turanose disaccharide synthesis in raspberries grown on nutrient substrate was 20% higher than that in conventionally grown raspberries. A total of 48 organic compounds with different biological activities were identified. They included five substances with antimicrobial activity, three phenolic substances, eight organic acids, four sugar acids, nine amino acids, and 19 sugars and their derivatives. At the same time, 42 compounds were found in raspberries grown with traditional technology, and 21 compounds were identified in raspberry fruits grown on nutrient substrate. Three fatty acids, namely, ɑ-linoleic acid (polyunsaturated omega-6 fatty acid), palmitic acid, and stearic acid (saturated fatty acid), along with cinnamic acid, shikimic acid, and chrysin were found in berries grown conventionally.

Upcycling and Recycling Potential of Selected Lignocellulosic Waste Biomass

This research aimed to confirm the ability to reduce carbon dioxide emissions by novel composite production using plantation waste on the example of lignocellulosic particles of black chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Elliott) and raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.). Furthermore, to characterize the particles produced by re-milled particleboards made of the above-mentioned alternative raw materials in the light of further recycling. As part of the research, particleboards from wooden black chokeberry and raspberry were produced in laboratory conditions, and select mechanical and physical properties were examined. In addition, the characterization of raw materials (particles) on the different processing stages was determined, and the fraction share and shape of particles after re-milling of the produced panels was provided. The tests confirmed the possibility of producing particleboards from the raw materials used; however, in the case of boards with raspberry lignocellulose particles, their share cannot exceed 50% so as to comply with the European standards regarding bending strength criterion. In addition, the further utilization of chips made of re-milled panels can be limited due to the significantly different shape and fraction share of achieved particles.

A REVIEW ON VARIOUS FORMULATION OF NANOEMULSIONS IN COSMETICS WITH PLANT EXTRACTS AS THE ACTIVE INGREDIENTS

This review conducted to compare the difference of the formulation of nanoemulsion cosmetics by plant extracts between Centella asiatica, seed oil from Rubus idaeus, Phyllanthus urinaria, Garcinia mangostana L., Vellozia sauamata, and Cordyceps militaris extract. Materials and methods was taken from several literature in valid databases that focuses on current status of the formulation of nanoemulsion and its characteristics, nanoemulsion cosmetics, and formulation of nanoemulsion cosmetics that are made by plant extract as the active ingredient. Comparison of the formulas above can be seen from various aspects. Referring to each article, 4 out of 6 formulas use high energy techniques and the rest use low energy techniques. Formula 1, 3, 6 use high energy technique with high pressure homogenization, and formula 4 uses ultrasonication, which is still a high energy technique. Formulas 2 and 5 use low energy techniques, namely formula 2 using Phase Inversion Composition (PIC) and formula 5 using Phase Inversion Temperature (PIT). High-Pressure Homogenizer (HPH) is the most widely used for the manufacture of nanoemulsions. In terms of formula, the use of components such as surfactant, cosurfactant, oil phase, and water phase is also different from the 6 formulas presented. Even though all of the six formulas are different, the active ingredients in the form of nanoemulsions need to be tested until finally the goal of the cosmetic product is achieved.

Physicochemical Properties, Fatty Acid Composition, Volatile Compounds of Blueberries, Cranberries, Raspberries, and Cuckooflower Seeds Obtained Using Sonication Method

Every year, thousands of tons of fruit seeds are discarded as agro-industrial by-products around the world. Fruit seeds are an excellent source of oils, monounsaturated fatty acids, and n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated essential fatty acids. This study aimed to develop a novel technology for extracting active substances from selected seeds that were obtained after pressing fruit juices. The proposed technology involved sonification with the use of ethyl alcohol at a low extraction temperature. Seeds of four species—blueberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.), raspberry (Rubus idaeus), cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon), and cuckooflower (Cardamine pratensis)—were used for extraction. Following alcohol evaporation under nitrogen, the antioxidant activity, chemical composition, and volatile compounds of the obtained extracts were analyzed using chromatographic methods, including gas chromatography (GC)–mass spectrometry (MS) (GC–MS/MS), and high-performance liquid chromatography–MS. We analyzed physicochemical properties, fatty acid, and volatile compounds composition, sterol and tocochromanol content of blueberry, cranberry, raspberry, and cuckooflower seed oils obtained by sonication. This method is safe and effective, and allows for obtaining valuable oils from the seeds.

Produção e avaliação microbiológica de cervejas artesanais com adição de framboesa vermelha (Rubus idaeus L.)

A cerveja artesanal é um produto de excelente qualidade e de alto valor de mercado, possuindo aromas e sabores diferentes, voltado a um mercado consumidor que busca produtos diferenciados. A adição de novos ingredientes para a obtenção de cervejas pode contribuir com o desenvolvimento do setor, atraindo mais consumidores. A framboesa é um fruto de excelente qualidade nutricional e traz vários benefícios a saúde. Um dos problemas que pode ocorrer na produção de cerveja artesanal é a deterioração por microrganismos indesejáveis, alterando suas características organolépticas e diminuindo sua qualidade. Diante desse contexto, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo elaborar e avaliar as características microbiológicas de diferentes formulações de cervejas com adição framboesa vermelha (Rubus idaeus L.). Foram elaboradas quatro formulações, sendo um controle, e três com adição de framboesa, nas concentrações de 10, 15 e 20%. Foram realizadas determinação de coliformes totais e termotolerantes, contagem de microrganismos aeróbios mesófilos e psicrotróficos e contagem de bolores e leveduras. Os valores encontrados nas contagens de mesófilos e bolores e leveduras encontram-se acima dos valores máximos permitidos pela Legislação, sendo assim conclui-se os produtos elaborados estão impróprios para o consumo e comercialização. Acredita-se que a contaminação microbiana na produção de cerveja pode ocorrer em vários pontos durante o processo de elaboração da bebida.

Micropropagation of Raspberries (Rubus idaeus L.) in Liquid Media by Temporary Immersion Bioreactor in Comparison with Gelled Media

Temporary Immersion Bioreactor (TIB) is a suitable technique for large scale micropropagation of plant species. The aim of this work was to test the capacity of in vitro proliferation of the primocane-fruiting red raspberry cv Maravilla and floricane-fruiting red raspberry cv Willamette on gelled media compared to liquid media. The two varieties were cultured in vitro on two media, Murashige and Skoog 1962 (MS) and Driver and Kuniyuki walnut medium, 1984 (DKW), both supplemented with 0.5 mg/l 6-benzyladenine (BA). In the control cultures on gelled media the media were gelled with 5g/l Plant Agar, whereas for the cultures in liquid media Plantform bioreactors were used. After six weeks of in vitro culture we recorded the proliferation rates and lengths of the axillary shoots obtained in all the experimental treatments. The highest proliferation rate was 16 ± 2.03, obtained in cv. Willamette on gelled MS medium with 0.5 mg/l BA. The longest shoots (3.17 ± 0.32 cm) were obtained at cv. Maravilla on the DKW medium with 0.5 mg / l BA in the bioreactor. Our research highlighted that Rubus idaeus L. Maravilla and Willamette can be TIB propagated, although further research is needed to improve the efficiency of this method.