THE PHYSIOLOGY OF HOST–PARASITE RELATIONS: XIII. THE EFFECT OF STEM RUST ON PURINES IN WHEAT LEAVES

1964 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Shaw ◽  
B. I. Sahai Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Copper Oxide ◽  
Perchloric Acid ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Puccinia Graminis ◽  
Puccinia Graminis Tritici ◽  
Detached Leaves ◽  
Wheat Leaves ◽  
Host Parasite

The purines were precipitated from alcohol extracts of Little Club wheat with copper oxide or absorbed from perchloric acid extracts with Norit A. Guanine, adenine, and an unidentified purine were isolated from seedlings germinated in darkness and from the tops of young plants grown in the greenhouse. Adenine and the unidentified purine were present in much larger amounts than guanine. The concentrations of adenine and the unidentified purine in the first seedling leaves were increased approximately four- and five-fold by infection with Puccinia graminis tritici Erikss. and Henn. No evidence was obtained for the presence of any purine or purine-like substance in uninfected or infected leaves which would delay senescence in detached leaves as do kinetin, benzimidazole, and purine-like substances present in coconut endosperm.

THE PHYSIOLOGY OF HOST–PARASITE RELATIONS: XVIII. DISTRIBUTION OF TRITIUM-LABELLED CYTIDINE, URIDINE, AND LEUCINE IN WHEAT LEAVES INFECTED WITH THE STEM RUST FUNGUS

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 555-563 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. K. Bhattacharya ◽  
Michael Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Stem Rust ◽  
Rust Fungus ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Fungal Mycelium ◽  
Puccinia Graminis ◽  
Mesophyll Cells ◽  
Wheat Leaves ◽  
Host Parasite

Wheat leaves were detached 6 days after inoculation with the stem rust fungus (Puccinia graminis var. tritici Erikss. and Henn.) and fed with tritiated leucine, cytidine, uridine, or thymidine. Mesophyll cells in infected zones incorporated more leucine into protein and more cytidine and uridine into RNA than did cells in adjacent uninfected tissue. Leucine, cytidine, and uridine were also heavily incorporated by fungal mycelium and developing uredospores. Grain counts over host nuclei in the infected zone were two to three-fold of those over nuclei in adjacent uninfected zones. There was no detectable incorporation of thymidinemethyl-3H into either the fungus or the host cells. The results are discussed.

The physiology of host–parasite relations. XIX. Further observations on nucleoprotein changes in wheat leaf nuclei during rust infection

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. K. Bhattacharya ◽  
Michael Shaw ◽  
J. M. Naylor
Keyword(s):  
Stem Rust ◽  
Rust Fungus ◽  
Puccinia Graminis ◽  
Mesophyll Cells ◽  
Rust Infection ◽  
Puccinia Graminis Tritici ◽  
Wheat Leaf ◽  
Host Parasite

Cytophotometric measurements of DNA (Feulgen) and protein-bound lysine and arginine (fluorodinitrobenzene-Sakaguchi) were made on nuclei in mesophyll cells of infected and uninfected leaves of Little Club wheat at intervals of 2 to 4 days up to 13 days after inoculation with uredospores of race 15B of the stem rust fungus (Puccinia graminis tritici Erikss. and Henn.). No change in host DNA was found within 6 days after inoculation, but there were marked decreases in protein-bound lysine and arginine as early as 2 days after inoculation. The DNA/lysine and DNA/arginine ratios were higher in rust-affected host nuclei, but infection did not alter the ratio of protein-bound lysine to arginine. In another series of measurements it was shown that rust infection caused striking increases in the volume and the RNA and protein contents of host nucleoli. These changes persisted even in advanced infections.All the results are consistent with our earlier observations and indicate that profound changes in nuclear metabolism are induced by infection with the rust fungus.

THE PHYSIOLOGY OF HOST–PARASITE RELATIONS: VIII. EFFECTS OF RUST INFECTION ON ASCORBIC ACID ANDGLUTATHIONE IN WHEAT LEAVES

1961 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 1327-1336 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. I. Sahai ◽  
Michael Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Puccinia Graminis ◽  
Oxidized Glutathione ◽  
Redox Potentials ◽  
Rust Infection ◽  
Puccinia Graminis Tritici ◽  
Auxin Content ◽  
Wheat Leaves ◽  
Host Parasite

First seedling leaves of Little Club (susceptible), Khapli I (moderately susceptible), and Khapli (resistant) wheats were inoculated with Puccinia graminis tritici Erikss. and Henn. (Race 15B). Ascorbic (AA) and dehydroascorbic (DHA) acids and glutathione (GSH) were measured at 1–2 day intervals after inoculation until after sporulation. After infection, AA and DHA increased in Little Club and decreased in Khapli. In Khapli the DHA/AA ratio rose sharply 6–8 days after inoculation; in Little Club a similar rise occurred 15–16 days after inoculation. In Khapli I and Little Club, but not in Khapli, GSH increased sharply when sporulation occurred. AA was not detected in uredospores, but DHA was. Oxidized glutathione was not detected in healthy or infected leaves but was present in uredospores. The results are discussed briefly in relation to the changes in auxin content and redox potentials caused by rust infection.

THE EFFECT OF VARIOUS METHODS OF BREAKING RESISTANCE ON STEM RUST REACTION AND CONTENT OF SOLUBLE CARBOHYDRATE AND NITROGEN IN WHEAT LEAVES

1958 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 717-723 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. R. Forsyth ◽  
D. J. Samborski
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Maleic Hydrazide ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Soluble Nitrogen ◽  
Puccinia Graminis ◽  
Substrate Availability ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Carbohydrate Levels ◽  
Wheat Leaves

The resistance of Khapli wheat to a number of races of stem rust, Puccinia graminis (Pers.) f. sp. tritici (Erikss. and Henn.), was broken after treatment with maleic hydrazide, DDT, detaching the leaves, and "searing" (heat treatment at the base of the leaf). In addition, the reaction of several other varieties to a number of races of stem rust was altered from resistant to susceptible by detaching and searing.DDT and searing caused marked increases in carbohydrate and soluble nitrogen levels, while maleic hydrazide caused smaller increases. There were no differences in carbohydrate levels, and only a slight difference in soluble nitrogen, between plants kept at 65° and 75° F., the temperatures at which McMurachy is respectively resistant and susceptible to rust. Insoluble nitrogen decreased after searing and DDT at rates approximately equal to those of the control. Insoluble nitrogen decreased at a faster rate in leaves kept at 75° F. than at 65° F. It remained fairly constant in leaves treated with maleic hydrazide.The data support the concept that substrate availability is of major importance in rust development.

THE PHYSIOLOGY OF HOST–PARASITE RELATIONS: X. THE METABOLISM OF INDOLEACETIC ACID-1-C14 BY WHEAT AND OAT COLEOPTILE SECTIONS, UNINFECTED AND RUSTED WHEAT LEAVES AND UREDOSPORES OF WHEAT STEM RUST

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 511-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. I. Sahai Srivastava ◽  
Michael Shaw ◽  
R. J. Woods
Keyword(s):  
Stem Rust ◽  
Indoleacetic Acid ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Wheat Stem Rust ◽  
Resistant Species ◽  
Metabolic Products ◽  
Soluble Compound ◽  
Wheat Leaves ◽  
Insoluble Compounds ◽  
Host Parasite

Coleoptiles of Little Club wheat and Brighton oats, uninfected and rusted leaves of Little Club and Khapli wheats and uredospores of stem rust were incubated with 10 or 100 parts per million of indoleacetate-C14OOK (IAA) in distilled water in darkness. The metabolic products formed were extracted by boiling the incubation medium. This was then partitioned with ether and the aqueous and ether fractions were analyzed by paper chromatography. In the coleoptiles and uninfected and rusted wheat leaves 8–14 different Ehrlich- or Salkowski-positive radioactive products of IAA metabolism were detected. These were not found when the plant material was incubated with water alone. One ether-soluble compound, and four ether-insoluble compounds from wheat coleoptiles had ultraviolet spectra of the indole type and were found to be active in the Avena straight growth test. IAA and its ether-soluble products disappeared more rapidly from uninfected than from rust-infected Little Club wheat leaves. Four water-soluble, radioactive products were found in uninfected leaves but only two in rusted leaves. A substance tentatively identified as indolecarboxylic acid (ICA) was not found in Little Club wheat leaves until 16 days after rust infection, but was present in both uninfected and infected leaves of the resistant species, Khapli. Uredospores apparently converted IAA only to nonradioactive decarboxylation products, tentatively identified as ICA and indolealdehyde. The results are discussed and attention is drawn to the importance of ether-insoluble products of IAA metabolism.

The Constitution of a Glucomannan from Wheat Stem Rust (Puccinia graminis tritici) Urediospores1

1959 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 684-688 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Prentice ◽  
L. S. Cuendet ◽  
W. F. Geddes ◽  
F. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Stem Rust ◽  
Puccinia Graminis ◽  
Wheat Stem Rust ◽  
Puccinia Graminis Tritici

FORMATION OF TREHALOSE AND POLYOLS BY WHEAT STEM RUST (PUCCINIA GRAMINIS TRITICI) UREDOSPORES

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 1248-1251 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Reisener ◽  
H. R. Goldschmid ◽  
G. A. Ledingham ◽  
A. S. Perlin
Keyword(s):  
Stem Rust ◽  
Puccinia Graminis ◽  
Wheat Stem Rust ◽  
Puccinia Graminis Tritici

Null

EFFECT OF BENZIMIDAZOLE, DIMETHYLBENZIMIDAZOLE, GLUCOSE, AND METAL IONS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF PUCCINIA GRAMINIS TRITICI ON DETACHED LEAVES OF KHAPLI WHEAT

1959 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalton Wang
Keyword(s):  
Metal Ions ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Puccinia Graminis ◽  
Nickel Ion ◽  
Cobalt Ions ◽  
Puccinia Graminis Tritici ◽  
Exogenous Glucose ◽  
Detached Leaves ◽  
Metabolic Activities

Leaves of Khapli wheat which are normally resistant to race 15B-1 of Puccinia graminis tritici become susceptible when detached and floated on water. This breakdown of resistance can be reversed by floating the detached leaves on a solution of benzimidazole. The effect of benzimidazole, however, can be nullified by a supply of exogenous glucose or 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole. Furthermore, the resistance can again be restored by the presence of cobalt ion combined in solution with glucose and benzimidazole or with glucose and 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole. Cobalt ions alone, or in combination with glucose, or with benzimidazole, or with 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole separately have no effect on rust development. In contrast, nickel ion alone or in any combination has a profound inhibitory effect on the development of rust in detached leaves. Other chemicals were also included in this study, and their effect on rust development is discussed. It is speculated that benzimidazole or a derivative of it and cobalt may form a vitamin B12-like factor which is required by the host to maintain its normal metabolic activities.

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