IN VITRO GERMINATION AND POLLEN TUBE GROWTH OF MAIZE (ZEA MAYS L.) POLLEN.: I. CALCIUM AND BORON EFFECTS

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 839-845 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. L. Pfahler
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Tube ◽  
Boric Acid ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Tube Length ◽  
Artificial Medium ◽  
Bacto Agar ◽  
Pollen Tube Length

Pollen grains from the single cross hybrid Wf9 × H55 were cultured on an artificial medium containing 15% sucrose and 0.6% bacto-agar supplemented with all possible combinations of three concentrations (0.00, 0.03, and 0.06%) of calcium nitrate and three concentrations (0.00, 0.01, and 0.02%) of boric acid. The combination containing 0.03% calcium nitrate and 0.01% boric acid produced the highest germination (47.9%) and the longest tube length (405 μ). The addition of either calcium nitrate or boric acid alone decreased the germination percentage and pollen tube length. The percentage of grains producing more than one pollen tube was reduced by the addition of calcium nitrate or boric acid singly or in combination. The significance of these results in relation to pollen physiology was discussed.

In vitro germination and pollen tube growth of maize (Zea mays) pollen. IV. Effects of the fertility restoring Rf1 locus

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. L. Pfahler
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Tube ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Tube Length ◽  
In Vitro Germination ◽  
Germination Characteristics ◽  
Bacto Agar ◽  
Pollen Tube Length

Pollen grains from the near-isogenic inbreds, Oh 43 Rf1Rf1, Oh 43 rf1rf1, 106 Rf1Rf1, and 106 rf1rf1 were cultured on an artificial medium containing 15% sucrose and 0.6% bacto-agar supplemented with all possible combinations of two levels (0.00 and 0.03%) of calcium nitrate (Ca) and two levels (0.00 and 0.01%) of boric acid (B). At certain combinations of Ca and B, significant differences between the Rf1Rf1 and rf1rf1 genotypes were obtained for germination percentage, rupturing percentage, and pollen tube length. However, the effect of the Rf1 and rf1 alleles was not consistent in magnitude for both inbreds. Apparently, the Rf1 and rf1 alleles can alter certain in vitro germination characteristics but genetic background is also involved.

In vitro germination and pollen tube growth of maize (Zea mays) pollen. II. Pollen source, calcium, and boron interactions

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. L. Pfahler
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Pollen Tube ◽  
Pollen Tube Growth ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Tube Growth ◽  
Tube Length ◽  
Pollen Tube Length

Pollen grains from six single cross hybrids (Wf9 × H55, Wf9 × H50, H49 × H55, H49 × H50, Ky49 × Ky27, and K64 × K55) of Zea mays L. were cultured on an artificial medium containing 15% sucrose and 0.6% bacto-agar supplemented with all possible combinations of two levels (0.00 and 0.03%) of calcium nitrate (Ca) and two levels (0.00 and 0.01%) of boric acid (B). The effect of Ca and B on germination percentage was found to be dependent on the genetic source of the pollen. At the 0.00% levels of Ca and B, the germination percentage of the hybrids ranged from 26.6% for Ky49 × Ky27 to 58.1% for K64 × K55. With either Ky49 × Ky27 or K64 × K55 pollen, the addition of Ca and B to the medium resulted in a lower germination percentage whereas the addition of Ca and B increased the germination percentage of the other hybrids. The addition of B in the absence of Ca sharply reduced the germination percentage in all hybrids while in the presence of Ca, the effect of B varied with the hybrid involved. For pollen tube length, highly significant interactions between hybrids and levels of Ca and B were found. However, maximum pollen tube lengths were obtained for all hybrids with both Ca and B in the medium. The addition of B in the absence of Ca reduced the pollen tube length of all hybrids whereas the addition of B in the presence of Ca increased pollen tube length. In general, the addition of both Ca and B increased the rate of pollen tube growth especially in the period 2 to 3 hours after inoculation.

In vitro germination and pollen tube growth of maize (Zea mays) pollen. III. The effect of pollen genotype and pollen source vigor

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. L. Pfahler
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Tube ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
In Vitro Germination ◽  
Artificial Medium ◽  
Germination Characteristics ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Single Cross Hybrids

Pollen grains from three inbreds (H49, H55, and H50) and two of their single cross hybrids (H49 × H55 and H49 × H50) were cultured on an artificial medium containing 15% sucrose and 0.6% bactoagar supplemented with all possible combinations of two levels (0.00 and 0.03%) of calcium nitrate (Ca) and two levels (0.00 and 0.01%) of boric acid (B). For all characteristics measured (germination percentage, germination with more than one pollen tube percentage, rupturing percentage, length and growth rate of the pollen tubes), significant differences between inbreds were obtained on most combinations of Ca and B. Since the inbreds were presumably homozygous and, as a result, each produced pollen grains of only one genotype, these differences in germination characteristics were apparently produced by the genetic differences between the inbreds. Therefore, the in vitro germination characteristics of pollen grains are associated with pollen genotype. The response of the hybrids could not be accurately predicted from the behavior of their inbred parents. In general, the hybrid mean was in the range between the means for the two inbred parents. However, the value of the mean for the hybrid relative to the values of the parental means depended on which hybrid combination was involved. The results indicated that the germination characteristics of pollen grains on various combinations of Ca and B are influenced in large part by pollen genotype but that the genetic expression is quite complex. Vigor of the pollen source per se was not a factor.

In vitro germination and pollen tube growth of maize (Zea mays) pollen. IX. Pollen source genotype and nonionic surfactant interactions

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 557-561 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. L. Pfahler ◽  
H. F. Linskens ◽  
M. Wilcox
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Tube ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Tube Length ◽  
In Vitro Germination ◽  
Sorbitan Monooleate ◽  
Germination Characteristics ◽  
Surfactant Effects

Because of their structure and active metabolic state, pollen grains are vulnerable to any agent in the in vitro germination medium. Surfactants are used in biological systems to reduce surface tension but are also known to produce subtle biochemical effects. This study investigated the effect of three nonionic surfactants on the germination characteristics of pollen grains from three pollen source genotypes. Pollen grains from three single cross hybrids (Wf9 × H55, K64 × K55, Ky228 × Ky226) were cultured on an artificial medium (15% sucrose, 0.6% bacto-agar, 0.03% calcium nitrate, 0.01% boric acid) supplemented with all possible combinations of three concentrations (10, 100, 1000 ppm, v/v) of the following surfactants: (i) Tween 80 (polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate); (ii) X-114 (alkyl phenoxypolyethoxy ethanol); and (iii) commercial sticker spreader (alkyl olefin aromatic polymers). A control containing no supplement was included. Over all genotypes, increasing concentrations of Tween 80 had the least effect on the germination characteristics measured (germination and ruptured percent, pollen tube length at 1, 2, and 3 h after inoculation) and X-114 had the greatest effect with no germination found above 10 ppm. For most of the germination characteristics, highly significant pollen source genotype X concentration interactions were found for each surfactant. The direction and magnitude of the surfactant effects depended on the surfactant, its concentration, the germination characteristic involved, and the pollen source genotype.

scholarly journals Longevity and germination of Juniperus communis L. pollen after storage

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrej Kormuťák ◽  
Peter Bolecek ◽  
Martin Galgóci ◽  
Dušan Gömöry
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Tube ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Tube Length ◽  
In Vitro Germination ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Storage ◽  
Pollen Tube Length ◽  
Common Juniper

AbstractPollen storage belongs among the most important activities associated with pollen handling. It overcomes the differences in pollen shedding and ovule receptivity during controlled pollination experiments. It is especially important for species like common juniper (Juniperus communis L.) with an extremely low quality of seeds due to pollination failure. Additionally, it is a substantial part of germplasm preservation programmes in pollen banks. In the present paper, the effect of short-term storage of pollen was studied using pollen samples from five shrubs in an in vitro germination test. Two temperature regimes were tested. The pollen viability of freshly collected pollen varied considerably between individual shrubs, exhibiting 67.3–88.6% germination rate and 248.0–367.3 µm of pollen tubes. Storage at + 4 °C for four months was accompanied by a profound decline in pollen viability. The germination percentage was reduced to 49.2–75.2% and the pollen tube length to 32.5–69.0%, depending on individual shrubs. The corresponding decline in pollen viability characteristics during storage at − 20 °C was only negligible in two of the tested shrubs. In the remaining three shrub samples, an increase in germination percentage was observed. Pollen tube growth responded more sensitively to freezing, but, on average, the decrease in length was lower than that at + 4 °C. The rate of reduction in pollen tube length varied between 11.5 and 45.4%. Cytological events accompanying in vitro germination of freezer-stored pollen exhibited some delay in releasing the exine from pollen grains during the early stages of germination as compared with freshly collected pollen. In conclusion, short-term storage of the common juniper pollen in a freezer is better for the preservation of its viability than storage at + 4 °C.

scholarly journals Pollen germination and pollen tube growth in Fraxinus pennsylvanica

Biologia ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dario Kremer ◽  
Tomislav Jemrić
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Tube ◽  
Pollen Germination ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Tube Length ◽  
Fraxinus Pennsylvanica ◽  
Green Ash ◽  
Optimum Temperature ◽  
Ecological Conditions ◽  
Pollen Tube Length

AbstractWith regard to adaptation of green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marshall) to ecological conditions in Croatia, pollen germination and pollen tube length after 2, 4 and 6 hours were examined in vitro at 10, 15, 20 and 25°C during two years 2001 and 2002. Narrow leaved ash (F. angustifolia Vahl) pollen served as a control in 2002. The year, time and temperature, and the interaction between time and temperature were significant for both germination percentage and pollen tube length. Interactions year × temperature and year × time were significant for pollen tube length only. The highest germination percentage (17.86% in 2001 and 19.40% in 2002) of green ash pollen was at 15°C after 6 hours. The pollen tube length was greatest at 20°C (393.46 µm) in 2001 and 25°C (899.50 µm) in 2002 after 6 hours. Narrow leaved ash pollen had the highest germination percentage (19.22%) at 20°C after 6 hours and was significantly reduced at 25°C. The pollen tube length was greatest at 25°C (518.90 µm) after 6 hours. It can be concluded that green ash pollen has satisfactory germination in ecological conditions in Croatia and that the optimum temperature for pollen germination is higher than 20°C.

Differences in Style Length and In vitro Germinated Pollen Tube Length and Other Reproductive Structures of Tetraploid and Diploid Cottons

2000 ◽  
Vol 3 (9) ◽  
pp. 1372-1374
Author(s):  
Mohammed Jurial Baloch . ◽  
Abdul Rahim Lakho . ◽  
Hidayatullah Bhutto . ◽  
Mohammad Hussain Arain .
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Tube ◽  
Tube Length ◽  
Style Length ◽  
Reproductive Structures ◽  
Germinated Pollen ◽  
Pollen Tube Length

Unilateral Cross-Incompatibility in Eucalyptus: the Case of Hybridisation Between E. globulus and E. nitens

1990 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 383 ◽  
Author(s):  
PL Gore ◽  
BM Potts ◽  
PW Volker ◽  
J Megalos
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Tube ◽  
Pollen Tube Growth ◽  
Pollen Tubes ◽  
Full Length ◽  
Tube Length ◽  
Style Length ◽  
Similar Difference ◽  
Structural Barrier ◽  
Pollen Tube Length

The growth of E. globulus and E. nitens pollen tubes in styles of E. globulus was examined in order to elucidate the site of the unilateral barrier to hybridisation. Pollen tubes of E. nitens failed to grow the full length of the larger E. globulus style. E. globulus pollen tubes grew an average of 1.4 mm per day for the first 4 days, compared with 0.8 mm per day for pollen tubes of E. nitens. From days 4 to 14, the growth of E. nitens pollen tubes slowed to an average of 0.2 mm per day and virtually no growth occurred after day 14. In contrast, E. globulus pollen tubes grew through the style and into the ovary between days 5 and 14. By day 28, at about the time of style abscission, E. nitens tubes had grown only 6 mm, well short of the full length of the E. globulus style (9-10 mm). A similar difference in growth was obtained in vitro where E. nitens pollen tubes were significantly shorter than those of E. globulus. A comparison also including E. ovata, E. urnigera and E. gunnii indicated a significant correlation between style length and in vitro pollen tube length. It is argued that the unilateral cross-incompatibility between E. globulus and E. nitens is due to a structural barrier arising from an inherent limit to pollen tube growth which is associated with pistil size.

Effect of nickel on pollen germination and pollen tube length in Arabis alpina (Brassicaceae)

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dolja Pavlova
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Tube ◽  
Pollen Germination ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Tube Length ◽  
Serpentine Soils ◽  
Nutritional Medium ◽  
Arabis Alpina ◽  
Pollen Tube Elongation ◽  
Germinated Pollen ◽  
Pollen Tube Length

In this work we studied and compared the toxic effect of nickel (Ni) on pollen germination and pollen tube length in Arabis alpina L. collected from serpentine and non-serpentine populations distributed in the Rila mountains, Bulgaria. Pollen grains were treated with prepared standard solutions of 100, 300, 500, and 700 μM Ni as NiCl2 in distilled water. A nutritional medium was also used to assess pollen germination. Nickel inhibited pollen germination and pollen tube elongation in both serpentine and non-serpentine plants. The percentage of germinated pollen in serpentine plants treated with Ni was higher than in non-serpentine plants but there was no difference in pollen tube elongation between groups. However, pollen tubes showed abnormalities such as coiling and swelling of the tip, or burst, and varied considerably among the samples. A complete break of pollen tube elongation is due to such abnormalities. Also, decreased pollen fertility in both populations was found. The plants from serpentines were less sensitive to (i.e. more tolerant of) elevated Ni concentrations commonly found in serpentine soils.

scholarly journals Storage Temperature Affects Viability of Banksia menziesii Pollen

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 916-917 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tina L. Maguire ◽  
Margaret Sedgley
Keyword(s):  
Boric Acid ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Flowering Period ◽  
Semisolid Medium

Storage of Banksia menziesii pollen was assessed at 20, 4, –20, –80, and –196 °C using a semisolid medium of 1% agar, 15% sucrose, 0.01% boric acid, 0.03% calcium nitrate, 0.02% magnesium sulfate, 0.01% potassium nitrate, and an incubation temperature of 25 °C. The germination percentage remained constant at ≈70% in all treatments except for pollen stored at 20 °C, which exhibited only 25% germination after 6 months. Pollen viability was assessed using fluorescein diacetate (FDA), but the results did not reflect the loss of germinability at 20 °C and correlation with in vitro results was variable. Floret position on the inflorescence did not affect germination, but pollen viability varied over the flowering period with maximum germination at midseason.

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