Sorbents of Phenols As a Components of the Nutritional Medium in Microclonal Reproduction of Plants

In the process of microclonal reproduction, plants secrete various substances into the nutrient medium, for example, phenolic compounds, which act as inhibitors of growth processes and, accordingly, prevent the normal development of explants in vitro. Plant tissues are treated with stabilizing substances, and various sorbents are also used as components of the nutrient medium to neutralize the negative effects of phenols. This paper presents an overview of the approved methods for solving the problem of sorption of phenolic compounds during microclonal propagation of plants. Various studies are considering the addition of certain components to the nutrient medium that prevent the release of harmful growth-inhibiting substances. Most often, various carbon compounds, such as activated carbon, are used as an adsorbent. The authors, based on the analysis of domestic and foreign literature on this topic, conclude that the most effective and frequently used are carbon compounds and the polymer polyvinyl pyrrolidone, less common is the use of the following inhibitory substances: ascorbic and citric acids, silver nitrate and mercury chloride. According to the results of the conducted analytical studies, the prospects of using such substances as thermally expanded graphite (TEG) and colloidal silicon dioxide as sorbents in the composition of the drug “Polysorb” were revealed. Due to the inhomogeneous porous structure, including both micropores and meso- or macropores, TEG is able to adsorb pollutants both from the solution and from the water surface, which makes it a potential sorbent for phenolic compounds. The effect of silicon dioxide, in amorphous form, on plants in vitro has already been successfully tested by some researchers, which indicates the prospects of its study.

Differentiation of Cholera Vibryo Strains from Microorganisms - Representatives of the Genus Aeromonas Using the Nutritional Medium "Arginine-Iron-Sugar Agar"

The study of the possibility of using the developed nutrient medium "Arginine-iron-sucrose agar" for the differentiation of Vibrio cholerae strains of various origins from microorganisms of the genus Aeromonas was carried out. The results obtained allow us to consider the use of this medium as a promising direction for solving the problem of differentiation of V. cholerae strains from closely related aeromonads at the stages of selecting suspicious colonies from alkaline agar and differential agarized media of the TCBS type and selecting cultures for further identification. The developed environment can be recommended for bacteriological laboratories at the territorial level conducting monitoring studies for cholera.

Study of bactericide properties of MARZA-1 agent in laboratory conditions

Bactericide properties of MARZA-1 inhibitor were studied with regard to desulfovibrio-desulfuricans and desulfo-microbium sulfate-reducing bacteria. According to the results of experiments, the effect of MARZA-1 inhibitor on the quantity of sulfate-reducing bacteria cells and formation of biogenic hydrogen-sulfide in Postgate-B nutritional medium has been estimated. MARZA-1 agent showed high bactericide effect towards desulfovibrio-desulfuricans and sulfate-reducing bacteria of desulfo-microbium type. The comparison of results with both bacteria justified that the rate of SRB cell disruption in the medium with desulfovibrio-desulfurican bacteria in the concentration of 7 mg/l on the fifth-seventh days, and in desulfo-microbium bacteria is observed with 10 mg/l concentration of MARZA-1 agent on the seventh day.

INVESTIGATION OF PRODUCTION-VALUABLE AND TECHNOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF LEUCONOSTOCS FROM THE REPUBLICAN COLLECTION OF INDUSTRIAL STRAINS OF STARTER CULTURES AND THEIR BACTERIOPHAGES

We investigated the industrial important properties of leuconostocs that make them possible to use it in starter cultures for the dairy industry (fermented and gas-forming activities, resistance for NaCl, pH, sensitivity to bacteriophages, antagonistic activity against coliform bacteria). We have developed the nutritional medium for their cultivation with the justification of the carbohydrate component and identified cultivation temperature of microorganisms.

Micropropagation of Capparis spinosa through plant tissue culture technology

The study was conducted to investigate the effect of adding different concentrations of plant growth regulators of Benzyl adenine BA, KIN and 2 iP to MS nutritional medium on the growth of single nodes of Capparis spinosa plant. The results showed that in plant length factor the treatments of 2 and 1 mg / liter 2iP were significantly higher compared with the other treatments and the obtained plants reached average length of 3,3.3,1 cm respectively in these treatments, while for the average number of branches and leaves factors, the treatment 2 mg / liter of BA was significantly higher compared with other treatments, the produced plants arrive to 3.6 branches and 14.1 leaves. For rooting system, the treatment of MS supplemented with IBA growth regulator with a concentration of 2 mg / liter was significantly higher for both length and number of roots. The obtained plants were adapted using different treatments but the treatment of mixture peat moss and sand 1: 2 was the best

Nutritional Conditions Modulate C. neoformans Extracellular Vesicles’ Capacity to Elicit Host Immune Response

Cryptococcus neoformans is a human pathogenic fungus that mainly afflicts immunocompromised patients. One of its virulence strategies is the production of extracellular vesicles (EVs), containing cargo with immunomodulatory properties. We evaluated EV’s characteristics produced by capsular and acapsular strains of C. neoformans (B3501 and ΔCap67, respectively) growing in nutritionally poor or rich media and co-cultures with bone marrow-derived macrophages or dendritic cells from C57BL/6 mice. EVs produced under a poor nutritional condition displayed a larger hydrodynamic size, contained more virulence compounds, and induced a more robust inflammatory pattern than those produced in a rich nutritional medium, independently of strain. We treated infected mice with EVs produced in the rich medium, and the EVs inhibited more genes related to the inflammasome than untreated infected mice. These findings suggest that the EVs participate in the pathogenic processes that result in the dissemination of C. neoformans. Thus, these results highlight the versatility of EVs’ properties during infection by C. neoformans in different tissues and support ongoing efforts to harness EVs to prevent and treat cryptococcosis.

Micro propagation of Adiantum Capillus plant through a culture of plant spores

This experiment was conducted in Biotechnology research center BTRC for the purpose of studying the possibility of propagate Adiantum Capillus plant by using spores through plant tissues culture technology, which is one of the endangered plants in Libya. MS media was used in this study supplemented with some growth regulators (cytokines) of benzyl adenine BA and Kinten K at different concentrations (0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0) mg / l. The results indicate that the growth of spores represented by the increase in the length and size of the vegetative masses in the MS nutritional medium equipped with BA growth regulator at a concentration of 2.0 mg / l is significantly higher than other treatments. The obtained plants were adapted by using growth medium of the Betmos and sand mixture in a ratio of 1: 2 in the growth room. The branches and roots formed when the plant moved to the greenhouse in the same medium of development