Technique for the observation of early morphological changes during ectomycorrhiza formation

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 361-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. André Fortin ◽  
Yves Piché ◽  
Maurice Lalonde
Keyword(s):  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Pinus Strobus ◽  
Pisolithus Tinctorius ◽  
Hartig Net ◽  
Cenococcum Graniforme

Flat, transparent polyester growth pouches were used for synthesis of ectomycorrhizae on Pinus strobus seedlings. Typical ectomycorrhizae with mantle and Hartig net were obtained within 5 days after inoculation with Pisolithus tinctorius. An extensive extramatrical network of hyphae and hyphal strands could be observed within 15 days after ectomycorrhizae formation. The process was somewhat slower with Cenococcum graniforme. Other proven ectomycorrhizal fungi on P. strobus were unsuccessful in forming ectomycorrhizae under conditions used in these experiments.

Formation of mycorrhizae in monoxenic culture by pond pine (Pinus serotina)

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 1003-1007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edna G. Suggs ◽  
Larry F. Grand
Keyword(s):  
Pisolithus Tinctorius ◽  
Laccaria Laccata ◽  
Monoxenic Culture ◽  
Amanita Muscaria ◽  
Hartig Net ◽  
Cenococcum Graniforme ◽  
Pond Pine

Ectomycorrhizae were formed by pond pine after 4 months in monoxenic culture with Amanita muscaria, Cenococcum graniforme, Laccaria laccata, Pisolithus tinctorius, Suillus brevipes, S. cothurnatus, S. granulatus, S. hirtellus, and S. pictus. Phylloporus rhodoxanthus formed a fungal mantle but no Hartig net. Macroscopic characteristics which were used for distinguishing among species of fungi forming mycorrhizae in this study were type of branching, color of mycorrhizae, and production of rhizomorphic strands.

A structural study of the interaction between the ectomycorrhizal fungus Pisolithus tinctorius and Pinus strobus roots

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 1185-1193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Piché ◽  
R. L. Peterson ◽  
Melanie J. Howarth ◽  
J. André Fortin
Keyword(s):  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Cortical Cell ◽  
Middle Lamella ◽  
Pinus Strobus ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Pisolithus Tinctorius ◽  
Cortical Cells ◽  
Root Cells ◽  
Hartig Net ◽  
Limited Digestion

Stages in ectomycorrhizal development between the fungus Pisolithus tinctorius (Pers.) Coker & Couch and short roots of Pinus strobus L. were followed in growth pouches. Short roots from preinoculation through Hartig net formation were processed for light and electron microscopy. Fungal hyphae approaching the surface of roots have Thiéry-positive substances in their modified walls and in lomasomes, indicating the possibility of extracellular polysaccharide secretion. Hyphae grow between and beneath the flattened, tannin-filled superficial root cells and subsequently into the intercellular region of the cortex. A Hartig net several hyphae wide is formed, isolating the cortical cells from each other. Plasmodesmata were not observed in these cortical cells. Middle lamella material is always present around the intercellular hyphae, suggesting limited digestion by the hyphae. Cortical cell cytoplasm becomes necrotic in regions of mature Hartig net formation.

Sclerotia as viable sources of mycelia for the establishment of ectomycorrhizae

1985 ◽  
Vol 31 (12) ◽  
pp. 1085-1088 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Grenville ◽  
Y. Piché ◽  
R. L. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Agar Medium ◽  
Pisolithus Tinctorius ◽  
Paxillus Involutus ◽  
Hartig Net ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Pure Cultures

The ectomycorrhizal fungi Pisolithus tinctorius and Paxillus involutus, which have wide host potential and diverse ecological ranges, were grown in association with pine seedlings in plastic growth pouches. Sclerotia formed under these conditions were stored at room temperature for up to 30 days and then germinated on agar medium. Pure cultures of P. involutus also produced sclerotia and these also regenerated in culture. Mycelial plugs from the sclerotia-derived cultures were subsequently reinoculated onto pine roots. Typical ectomycorrhizae with a mantle and Hartig net were established.

Structure and ontogeny of Betula alleghaniensis – Pisolithus tinctorius ectomycorrhizae

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 579-593 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. B. Massicotte ◽  
R. L. Peterson ◽  
C. A. Ackerley ◽  
L. H. Melville
Keyword(s):  
Root Hairs ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Pisolithus Tinctorius ◽  
Initial Contact ◽  
Broad Host Range ◽  
Betula Alleghaniensis ◽  
Cortical Cells ◽  
Structural Modifications ◽  
Hartig Net ◽  
Primary Roots

The ontogeny and ultrastructure of ectomycorrhizae synthesized between Betula alleghaniensis (yellow birch) and Pisolithus tinctorius, a broad host range fungus, were studied to determine the structural modifications in both symbionts during ectomycorrhiza establishment. A number of stages, including initial contact of hyphae with the root surface, early mantle formation, and mature mantle formation, were distinguished. Interactions between hyphae and root hairs were frequent. As a paraepidermal Hartig net developed, root epidermal cells elongated in a radial direction, but wall ingrowths were not formed. Repeated branching of Hartig net hyphae resulted in extensive fine branches and the compartmentalization of hyphal cytoplasm. Nuclei and elongated mitochondria were frequently located in the narrow cytoplasmic compartments, and [Formula: see text] thickenings developed along walls of cortical cells in primary roots.

scholarly journals Mycorrhizal colonization and phenolic compounds accumulation on roots of Eucalyptus dunnii maiden inoculated with ectomycorrhizal fungi

2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (9) ◽  
pp. 1905-1910 ◽  
Author(s):  
EDUARDO LUIZ VOIGT ◽  
VETÚRIA LOPES DE OLIVEIRA ◽  
ÁUREA MARIA RANDI
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Colonization ◽  
Hartig Net ◽  
Eucalyptus Dunnii ◽  
Pinus Spp

Compatibility between Eucalyptus dunnii and the ectomycorrhizal fungi Hysterangium gardneri and Pisolithus sp. - from Eucalyptus spp. -, Rhizopogon nigrescens and Suillus cothurnatus - from Pinus spp.-, was studied in vitro. Pisolithus sp., H. gardneri and S. cothurnatus colonized the roots. Pisolithus sp. mycorrhizas presented mantle and Hartig net, while H. gardneri and S. cothurnatus mycorrhizas presented only mantle. S. cothurnatus increased phenolics level on roots. Pisolithus sp. and R. nigrescens decreased the level of these substances. The isolates from Eucalyptus seem to be more compatible towards E. dunnii than those from Pinus. The mechanisms involved could be related, at least in the cases of Pisolithus and Suillus, to the concentration of phenolics in roots.

scholarly journals KARAKTERISTIK AKAR BEREKTOMIKORIZA PADA Shorea pinanga, Pinus merkusii DAN Gnetum gnemon

PERENNIAL ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Melya Riniarti ◽  
Irdika Mansur ◽  
Arum Sekar Wulandari ◽  
Cecep Kusmana
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Clamp Connection ◽  
The Other ◽  
Branching Pattern ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Hartig Net ◽  
Gnetum Gnemon ◽  
Pinus Merkusii

Morphology and anatomy characteristics often used to identify ectomycorrhizal fungi. We used three Scleroderma spp. (Scleroderma columnare, S. dictyosporum), and S. sinnamariense) and inoculated to Shorea pinanga, Pinus merkusii, and Gnetum gnemon. After 6,8, and 10 months, each root tips were collected to determined hyphae colour, branching pattern, clamp-connection, hartig net and mantle. This result revealed that S. sinnamariense did not form association with S. pinanga and P. merkusii but form association with G. gnemon. On the other hand, S. columnare and S. dictyosporum could form association with all the host plants. S. columnare and S. dictyosporum formed white hyphae while S. sinnamariense formed yellow hyphae with monopodial branching pattern. The depth of hartig net and mantle was increased by timed. Key words: ectomycorrhizal fungi, hartig net, mantle, Scleroderma

Ontogeny of dichotomizing apices in mycorrhizal short roots of Pinus strobus

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (8) ◽  
pp. 1523-1528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yves Piche ◽  
J. André Fortin ◽  
R. L. Peterson ◽  
U. Posluszny
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Strobus ◽  
Pisolithus Tinctorius ◽  
External Morphology ◽  
Lateral Growth ◽  
Central Group ◽  
Apical Meristems ◽  
Sectioned Material ◽  
Growth Centres

Growth pouches were used to establish ectomycorrhizae of Pinus strobus using Pisolithus tinctorius as inoculum. An epi-illumination technique was used to follow changes in external morphology of short roots as they became colonized by hyphae and dichotomized. Apices became broader and flatter before an obvious dichotomy was apparent. Secondary dichotomies often formed after the primary dichotomy of the original short roots. Sectioned material showed that a central group of cells in the meristem stopped dividing and became vacuolated as dichotomy was initiated. Two lateral growth centres were established which led to the formation of two apical meristems.

Effet du phosphate et du calcium sur la croissance et l'accumulation ionique chez les champignons ectomycorhiziens en culture in vitro

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (12) ◽  
pp. 2600-2609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Mousain ◽  
Louis Salsac
Keyword(s):  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Exponential Function ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Pisolithus Tinctorius ◽  
Maximal Growth ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Total P

The orthophosphate and calcium influence on growth and ionic accumulation was studied in several ectomycorrhizal fungi (Pisolithus tinctorius included) grown in vitro. The "optimal" growth was obtained with [Formula: see text] concentrations much lower than those of usual media: it may be represented by an exponential function, the parameters ("maximal" growth and "concentration of half-maximal growth") of which were calculated. For low phosphate and calcium concentrations in the medium the dry matter mass of the mycelium and their content of the two elements increased simultaneously. For high concentrations, an accumulation independant of growth was observed in the thalli. When the P. tinctorius mycelium accumulated phosphate and calcium in relatively large amounts, these accumulations seemed to be not correlated. Rather, the correlation between the accumulation of total phosphorus and that of potassium was significant. The ratio of acid-soluble P to total P decreased in the mycelium when the orthophosphate concentration increased in the medium.

Co-metabolic degradation of mono-fluorophenols by the ectomycorrhizal fungi Pisolithus tinctorius

Chemosphere ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 260-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albina R. Franco ◽  
António C. Ferreira ◽  
Paula M.L. Castro
Keyword(s):  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Pisolithus Tinctorius ◽  
Metabolic Degradation

Ectomycorrhiza synthesis between isolated roots of Eucalyptus pilularis and Pisolithus tinctorius

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 1237-1239 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. R. Bailey ◽  
R. L. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Filter Paper ◽  
Callus Cultures ◽  
Pisolithus Tinctorius ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Apical Portion ◽  
Hypocotyl Explants ◽  
Hartig Net ◽  
Isolated Roots ◽  
Basal Portion ◽  
Eucalyptus Pilularis

Callus cultures were established from epicotyl–hypocotyl explants of Eucalyptus pilularis seedlings. Roots formed on these cultures were excised and placed in divided petri plates. The apical portion of each root was placed on filter paper overlying modified Bonner–Deverian medium, while the basal portion was placed on Bonner–Deverian medium containing carbohydrates. Plugs of Pisolithus tinctorius mycelium were placed adjacent to the apical portion of each root. After 10–14 days, approximately 40% of all root tips formed a mantle and Hartig net typical of ectomycorrhizas.

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