The effects of altered hydrologic regime on tree growth along the Missouri River in North Dakota

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (11) ◽  
pp. 2410-2423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peggy W. Reily ◽  
W. Carter Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Water Table ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Populus Deltoides ◽  
Missouri River ◽  
Hydrologic Regime ◽  
Fraxinus Pennsylvanica ◽  
Reference Sites ◽  
Ulmus Americana ◽  
Quercus Macrocarpa ◽  
Seasonal Streamflow

Increment cores were collected to examine effects of changed hydrologic regime on radial growth of floodplain trees downstream of Garrison Dam. Alterations in seasonal streamflow patterns, near elimination of over-bank flooding, and apparent lowering of the water table during the early growing season following completion of the dam in 1953 were implicated in the significant decline in postdam growth of Ulmus americana, Fraxinus pennsylvanica, Acer negundo, and Quercus macrocarpa. The measured decline in Populus deltoides growth was not statistically significant. Trees on terraces at the edge of the floodplain that received concentrated runoff from upland ravines (e.g., Quercus macrocarpa) and those with deep root systems (e.g., P. deltoides) on low terraces close to the water table were least affected. The most pronounced change in tree growth occurred on high terraces that received little upland runoff (e.g., U. americana, A. negundo). Multiple regression analysis for P. deltoides growth showed a distinct change from correlation with spring streamflow in the predam period to correlation with rainfall parameters in the postdam period. Growth of P. deltoides and Q. macrocarpa on reference sites unaffected by damming of the Missouri River increased significantly in the postdam period.

Population dynamics of woody plants on a river island

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 647-655 ◽  
Author(s):  
William J. Barnes
Keyword(s):  
Growth Form ◽  
Populus Deltoides ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Fraxinus Pennsylvanica ◽  
Green Ash ◽  
Ulmus Americana ◽  
Silver Maple ◽  
Major Species ◽  
Successional Species

The woody plant population on a small, frequently flooded, river island was studied. The island occurs on the Chippewa River near Eau Claire, Wisconsin, U.S.A. The major species included sandbar willow (Salix interior, Rowlee), a small shrub; Cottonwood (Populus deltoides Marsh.) and river birch (Betula nigra L.), both early successional species in river bottoms; and silver maple (Acer saccharinum L.), green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh), and American elm (Ulmus americana L.) which are later successional species. Seedling input is sporadic and unpredictable. However, mortality rates of successfully established plants are quite low because of their ability to sprout following damage. The resultant clones may exhibit differing growth patterns. Willow extends laterally into adjacent unoccupied areas, thereby increasing its cover. It tends to be most abundant in the low, frequently flooded parts of the island and is predicted to continue to increase in abundance. Others, such as elm and silver maple, produce fewer sprouts which grow directly from the root crown and attain greater heights but do not spread into new areas. These species occur at higher elevations and are also predicted to increase in numbers. Still other species, such as green ash and Cottonwood, are so severely damaged by recurring beaver cutting that their normal growth form is greatly modified and their future uncertain.

Ethylene production and morphological adaptation of woody plants to flooding

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (8) ◽  
pp. 1659-1664 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. C. Tang ◽  
T. T. Kozlowski
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Woody Plants ◽  
Pinus Halepensis ◽  
Eucalyptus Camaldulensis ◽  
Vertical Gradient ◽  
Fraxinus Pennsylvanica ◽  
Melaleuca Quinquenervia ◽  
Morphological Adaptation ◽  
Ulmus Americana ◽  
Ethylene Content

Seedlings of Ulmus americana, Fraxinus pennsylvanica, Melaleuca quinquenervia, and Eucalyptus camaldulensis exhibited greater morphological adaptation to flooding than did Eucalyptus globulus or Pinus halepensis seedlings. Formation of hypertrophied lenticels and production of adventitious roots on submerged portions of stems were characteristic of the flood-tolerant species only. Ethylene production was greatly stimulated by the flooding of all species except P. halepensis. In flooded F. pennsylvanica seedlings ethylene production was higher in stems with well-developed hypertrophy than in those without stem hypertrophy. Lack of a vertical gradient in ethylene content of the stems of flooded Eucalyptus plants indicated either that waterlogging of soil indirectly stimulated ethylene production in stems above the waterline or that ethylene was translocated upward from submerged portions of stems. Application of indoleacetic acid stimulated ethylene producton in submerged portions of M. quinquenervia and U. americana stems. The data indicate an important role for ethylene in the morphological adaptation of woody plants to flooding. The additional involvement of several other compounds in such adaptation is discussed.

scholarly journals SURVIVAL AND GROWTH OF SHELTERBELT TREES AT THREE SPACINGS

1961 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 187-191
Author(s):  
W. H. Cram ◽  
G. A. Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Populus Deltoides ◽  
Maximum Height ◽  
Forest Nursery ◽  
Ulmus Americana ◽  
Acer Negundo ◽  
Caragana Arborescens ◽  
Survival And Growth

Seedlings of Caragana arborescens Lam., Acer Negundo L., Ulmus americana L., Populus deltoides Bartr. and Fraxinus p. lanceolata Sarg. were planted in 3-row shelterbelts at spacings of 4, 8, and 16 feet at the Forest Nursery Station, Indian Head, Saskatchewan. Data for stand and height are presented after 17 years of growth. Survival of caragana, maple, and ash were not materially influenced by Spacing, but that of elm increased from 91 to 100% and of cottonwood from 0 to 25%, as spacings increased from 4 to 16 feet. Caragana was outstanding with 100% survival at all spacings. Maximum height of caragana and ash (15 and 19 feet, respectively) was obtained at the 8-foot spacings; while that of maple and elm (23 and 26 feet) was obtained at the 16-foot spacing.

Tolerance of Planed Hardwoods to Spring Flooding

1977 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 23-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
James B. Baker
Keyword(s):  
Populus Deltoides ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Liquidambar Styraciflua ◽  
Fraxinus Pennsylvanica ◽  
Green Ash ◽  
Nyssa Aquatica ◽  
Eastern Cottonwood ◽  
Platanus Occidentalis ◽  
Water Tupelo ◽  
Root Collar

Abstract Cuttings of eastern cottonwood (Populus deltoides) and seedlings of sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua), water tupelo (Nyssa aquatica), American sycamore (Platanus occidentalis), and green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica) were planted on a slackwater clay (Vertic Haplaquept) in western Mississippi in two consecutive years and inundated soon after foliation. During each of the two years, survival following flooding was consistently high for water tupelo, green ash, and sycamore, low for cottonwood, and intermediate for sweetgum. With the exception of green ash, however, all species lost their leaves and died back to the root collar during flooding. Thus trees, other than ash, that were living at the end of the growing season had originated from root collar sprouts.

scholarly journals Tree Water Use, Water Use Efficiency, and Carbon Isotope Discrimination in Relation to Growth Potential in Populus deltoides and Hybrids under Field Conditions

Forests ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maier ◽  
Burley ◽  
Cook ◽  
Ghezehei ◽  
Hazel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Carbon Isotope ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Carbon Isotope Discrimination ◽  
Populus Deltoides ◽  
Biomass Growth ◽  
Stem Biomass ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Hybrid Clones

We explored the relationship between tree growth, water use, and related hydraulic traits in Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh.and hybrid clones, to examine potential trade-offs between growth and water use efficiency. Nine genotypes, six P. deltoides and three hybrid clones, that represented genotypes with high (Group H), intermediate (Group I), and low (Group L) growth performance were selected for study, based on year-two standing stem biomass in a replicated field trial. In year four, tree growth, transpiration (Et), canopy stomatal conductance (Gs), whole-tree hydraulic conductance (Gp), and carbon isotope discrimination (Δ13C) were measured. Tree sap flux was measured continuously using thermal dissipation probes. We hypothesized that Group H genotypes would have increased growth efficiency (GE), increased water use efficiency of production (WUEp, woody biomass growth/Et), lower Δ13C, and greater Gp than slower growing genotypes. Tree GE increased with relative growth rate (RGR), and mean GE in Group H was significantly greater than L, but not I. Tree WUEp ranged between 1.7 and 3.9 kg biomass m3 H2O−1, which increased with RGR. At similar levels of Et, WUEp was significantly greater in Group H (2.45 ± 0.20 kg m−3), compared to I (2.03 ± 0.18 kg m−3) or L (1.72 ± 0.23 kg m−3). Leaf and wood Δ13C scaled positively with stem biomass growth but was not correlated with WUEp. However, at a similar biomass increment, clones in Group H and I had significantly lower leaf Δ13C than Group L. Similarly, Group H clones had a significantly lower wood Δ13C than Group L, supporting our hypothesis of increased WUE in larger trees. Tree physiological and hydraulic traits partially explain differences in WUEp and Δ13C, and suggest that clone selection and management activities that increase tree biomass production will likely increase tree and stand WUE. However, more research is needed to discern the underlying hydraulic mechanisms responsible for the higher WUE exhibited by large trees and distinct clones.

Peatland pines as a proxy for water table fluctuations: Disentangling tree growth, hydrology and possible human influence

2014 ◽  
Vol 500-501 ◽  
pp. 52-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marko Smiljanić ◽  
Jeong-Wook Seo ◽  
Alar Läänelaid ◽  
Marieke van der Maaten-Theunissen ◽  
Branko Stajić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Table ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Human Influence ◽  
Water Table Fluctuations

An analysis of elm (Ulmus americana) mortality in a second-growth hardwood forest in southeastern Michigan

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (10) ◽  
pp. 1120-1125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Curtis J. Richardson ◽  
Charles W. Cares
Keyword(s):  
Acer Rubrum ◽  
Dutch Elm Disease ◽  
Forest Community ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Hardwood Forest ◽  
Importance Value ◽  
Ulmus Americana ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Quercus Macrocarpa ◽  
Second Growth

A second-growth hardwood forest containing both wet lowland and mesic upland sites in southeastern Michigan was studied 24 years after the introduction of Dutch elm disease. American elm (Ulmus americana) surprisingly had the highest importance value (IV = 61/300) (IV = relative density + relative dominance + relative frequency). Two other species (Acer rubrum and Quercus macrocarpa) closely followed elm with IVs of 41/300 and 38/300. respectively. Mortality for all trees surveyed was 20.4%. Elm comprised 86.6% of this total. Although reduced, the present IV for elm and the percentage of living individuals in each diameter class indicate that elm is still an important species in the forest community. Elm mortality reached 100% only on the poorly drained lowland pockets where densities of elm exceeded 50%. Its high reproductive capacity and dispersal rate indicate that elm will continue to exist as an important species, even if not a canopy dominant, in some types of hardwood communities.

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