scholarly journals SURVIVAL AND GROWTH OF SHELTERBELT TREES AT THREE SPACINGS

1961 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 187-191
Author(s):  
W. H. Cram ◽  
G. A. Morgan
Keyword(s):  
Populus Deltoides ◽  
Maximum Height ◽  
Forest Nursery ◽  
Ulmus Americana ◽  
Acer Negundo ◽  
Caragana Arborescens ◽  
Survival And Growth

Seedlings of Caragana arborescens Lam., Acer Negundo L., Ulmus americana L., Populus deltoides Bartr. and Fraxinus p. lanceolata Sarg. were planted in 3-row shelterbelts at spacings of 4, 8, and 16 feet at the Forest Nursery Station, Indian Head, Saskatchewan. Data for stand and height are presented after 17 years of growth. Survival of caragana, maple, and ash were not materially influenced by Spacing, but that of elm increased from 91 to 100% and of cottonwood from 0 to 25%, as spacings increased from 4 to 16 feet. Caragana was outstanding with 100% survival at all spacings. Maximum height of caragana and ash (15 and 19 feet, respectively) was obtained at the 8-foot spacings; while that of maple and elm (23 and 26 feet) was obtained at the 16-foot spacing.

RESPONSE OF WEEDS AND SEVERAL SHELTERBELT TREE AND SHRUB SPECIES TO GRANULAR SIMAZINE

1972 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-202
Author(s):  
R. GROVER ◽  
G. A. MORGAN
Keyword(s):  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Populus Deltoides ◽  
Prunus Virginiana ◽  
Shrub Species ◽  
Visible Injury ◽  
Ulmus Americana ◽  
Caragana Arborescens ◽  
Malus Baccata ◽  
Salix Pentandra ◽  
Annual Weeds

Granular simazine (2-chloro-4,6-bis(ethylamino)-s-triazine), at 3.36, 6.72, and 10.08 kg/ha, was applied to new transplants of Caragana arborescens Lam., Cotoneaster acutifolia Turcz., Crataegus sp., Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh. var. subintegerrima (Vahl.) Fern., Hippophae rhamnoides L., Lonicera tatarica L., Malus baccata (L.) Borkh., Picea glauca (Moench) Voss, Picea pungens Engelm., Pinus sylvestris L., Populus deltoides Marsh., Populus × Northwest (Hort.), Prunus padus L. var. commutata Dipp., Prunus virginiana L. var. melanocarpa (A. Nels.) Sarg., Rosa rugosa Thunb. cult Hansa, Salix acutifolia Willd., Salix pentandra L., Shepherdia argentea Nutt., Sorbus americana Marsh., Syringa villosa Vahl., Ulmus americana L., and Ulmus pumila L. Simazine at 6.72 kg/ha gave 68% control of annual weeds and this was sufficient for the adequate growth of most of the tree and shrub species in this test. None of the species showed visible injury symptoms at any of the simazine rates tested, but the growth of some was reduced at the high simazine rate.

Challenging growth–survival trade-off: a key for Acer negundo invasion in European floodplains?

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (10) ◽  
pp. 1879-1886 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Saccone ◽  
Jean-Jacques Brun ◽  
Richard Michalet
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Adaptive Plasticity ◽  
High Survival ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Acer Negundo ◽  
Successional Species ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Succession Theory ◽  
Better Than

We compared the performances of juvenile Acer negundo with those of native species to assess how this species has invaded intermediate habitats along European riparian successional gradients. In the middle Rhône floodplain (France), we measured survival and growth of transplants of the invasive and of three native tree species from contrasted successional status within forests and in experimental gaps and at three positions along a riparian gradient: (i) a highly disturbed Salix – Populus stand, (ii) a moderately disturbed stand dominated by the invasive Acer , and (iii) a mature Fraxinus community. Acer’s growth in the gaps was as high as that of the two native early-successional species, Salix and Populus, and higher than that of the native late-successional Fraxinus. In contrast, Acer survived as well in the shadiest understory conditions of the Fraxinus community as did Fraxinus and better than the two early-successional species. Inconsistent with the resource trade-off of succession theory, Acer showed both a high survival in the shade and a high growth in full light. This particular suite of traits shared with other invasive and native Acer species could be an example of adaptive plasticity that certainly represents an advantage to give it a competitive advantage over native species.

Population dynamics of woody plants on a river island

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 647-655 ◽  
Author(s):  
William J. Barnes
Keyword(s):  
Growth Form ◽  
Populus Deltoides ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Fraxinus Pennsylvanica ◽  
Green Ash ◽  
Ulmus Americana ◽  
Silver Maple ◽  
Major Species ◽  
Successional Species

The woody plant population on a small, frequently flooded, river island was studied. The island occurs on the Chippewa River near Eau Claire, Wisconsin, U.S.A. The major species included sandbar willow (Salix interior, Rowlee), a small shrub; Cottonwood (Populus deltoides Marsh.) and river birch (Betula nigra L.), both early successional species in river bottoms; and silver maple (Acer saccharinum L.), green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh), and American elm (Ulmus americana L.) which are later successional species. Seedling input is sporadic and unpredictable. However, mortality rates of successfully established plants are quite low because of their ability to sprout following damage. The resultant clones may exhibit differing growth patterns. Willow extends laterally into adjacent unoccupied areas, thereby increasing its cover. It tends to be most abundant in the low, frequently flooded parts of the island and is predicted to continue to increase in abundance. Others, such as elm and silver maple, produce fewer sprouts which grow directly from the root crown and attain greater heights but do not spread into new areas. These species occur at higher elevations and are also predicted to increase in numbers. Still other species, such as green ash and Cottonwood, are so severely damaged by recurring beaver cutting that their normal growth form is greatly modified and their future uncertain.

Lateral sieve-area pores in woody dicotyledons

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (8) ◽  
pp. 1509-1515 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. F. Evert ◽  
B. P. Deshpande ◽  
S. E. Eichhorn
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Populus Deltoides ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia ◽  
Quercus Alba ◽  
Secondary Phloem ◽  
Salix Nigra ◽  
Ulmus Americana ◽  
P Protein ◽  
Sieve Plates

The secondary phloem of seven species of woody dicotyledons (Populus deltoides, Quercus alba, Rhus glabra, Robinia pseudoacacia, Salix nigra, Tilia americana, and Ulmus americana) was fixed in glutaraldehyde and in formaldehyde–glutaraldehyde and postfixed in osmium tetroxide for electron microscopy. The pores of the lateral sieve areas are essentially similar in structure to those of the sieve plates, with the exception that many of the lateral sieve-area pores contain median nodules at maturity. In addition, some pore groups in Rhus, Robinia, and Tilia are associated with median cavities, median enlargements arising through the union of two or more median nodules, similar to those associated with the sieve areas of conifers. The lateral sieve-area pores are lined by the plasmalemma and variable amounts of callose and contain P-protein. It has been concluded that the P-protein normally is loosely arranged in the pores.

scholarly journals Effects of fragment traits, burial orientation and nutrient supply on survival and growth in Populus deltoides × P. simonii

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Zhang ◽  
Zhi-Qin Su ◽  
Lie Xu ◽  
Xue-Ping Shi ◽  
Ke-Bing Du ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Populus Deltoides ◽  
Nutrient Supply ◽  
Survival And Growth

PHOTOPERIODIC RESPONSES IN SEEDLINGS OF NORTHERN TREE SPECIES

1957 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Vaartaja
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Thuja Plicata ◽  
Larix Laricina ◽  
Ulmus Americana ◽  
Photoperiodic Responses ◽  
Caragana Arborescens ◽  
Thuja Plicata Donn

Seedlings of 10 tree species were tested under two widely different photo periodic conditions in environment otherwise near optimum. The amount of light given to the plants was the same under both conditions. Under the conditions simulating long photoperiods, the seedlings of all the species grew well and continued their growth during the 8-month experimental period. Under the short photoperiod, the following species remained nearly or fully dormant for several months beginning soon after germination: Larix laricina (Du Roi) K. Koch, Ulmus americana L., and two provenances of Picea glauca (Moench) Voss; the following species either remained nearly dormant or grew significantly slower than under the long day conditions: Betula lutea Michx. f., B. verrucosa Ehr., and Pinus banksiana Lamb.; P. resinosa Ait. was considered sensitive to photoperiods but its responses in appearance and growth were small; Caragana arborescens Lam., Thuja plicata Donn, and Acer negundo L. showed no significant response.

The effects of altered hydrologic regime on tree growth along the Missouri River in North Dakota

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (11) ◽  
pp. 2410-2423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peggy W. Reily ◽  
W. Carter Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Water Table ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Populus Deltoides ◽  
Missouri River ◽  
Hydrologic Regime ◽  
Fraxinus Pennsylvanica ◽  
Reference Sites ◽  
Ulmus Americana ◽  
Quercus Macrocarpa ◽  
Seasonal Streamflow

Increment cores were collected to examine effects of changed hydrologic regime on radial growth of floodplain trees downstream of Garrison Dam. Alterations in seasonal streamflow patterns, near elimination of over-bank flooding, and apparent lowering of the water table during the early growing season following completion of the dam in 1953 were implicated in the significant decline in postdam growth of Ulmus americana, Fraxinus pennsylvanica, Acer negundo, and Quercus macrocarpa. The measured decline in Populus deltoides growth was not statistically significant. Trees on terraces at the edge of the floodplain that received concentrated runoff from upland ravines (e.g., Quercus macrocarpa) and those with deep root systems (e.g., P. deltoides) on low terraces close to the water table were least affected. The most pronounced change in tree growth occurred on high terraces that received little upland runoff (e.g., U. americana, A. negundo). Multiple regression analysis for P. deltoides growth showed a distinct change from correlation with spring streamflow in the predam period to correlation with rainfall parameters in the postdam period. Growth of P. deltoides and Q. macrocarpa on reference sites unaffected by damming of the Missouri River increased significantly in the postdam period.

The Microscopy of Compatibility and Incompatibility in Ulmus

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 504-505
Author(s):  
B. L. Redmond ◽  
Christopher F. Bob
Keyword(s):  
Dutch Elm Disease ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Hybrid Progeny ◽  
Ulmus Pumila ◽  
Ulmus Americana ◽  
American Elm ◽  
Asian Species ◽  
Ulmus Parvifolia ◽  
Initial Appearance ◽  
Chinese Elm

The American Elm (Ulmus americana L.) has been plagued by Dutch Elm Disease (DED), a lethal disease caused by the fungus Ceratocystis ulmi (Buisman) c. Moreau. Since its initial appearance in North America around 1930, DED has wrought inexorable devastation on the American elm population, triggering both environmental and economic losses. In response to the havoc caused by the disease, many attempts have been made to hybridize U. americana with a few ornamentally less desirable, though highly DED resistant, Asian species (mainly the Siberian elm, Ulmus pumila L., and the Chinese elm Ulmus parvifolia Jacq.). The goal is to develop, through breeding efforts, hybrid progeny that display the ornamentally desirable characteristics of U. americana with the disease resistance of the Asian species. Unfortunately, however, all attempts to hybridize U. americana have been prevented by incompatibility. Only through a firm understanding of both compatibility and incompatibility will it be possible to circumvent the incompatibility and hence achieve hybridization.

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