The effect of colonization by Verticillium dahliae on the root tips of Russet Burbank potatoes

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (12) ◽  
pp. 3422-3429 ◽  
Author(s):  
James W. Perry ◽  
Ray F. Evert
Keyword(s):  
Verticillium Dahliae ◽  
Apical Meristem ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Root Cap ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Vascular Differentiation ◽  
Infected Root ◽  
Cell Layers ◽  
Wall Appositions ◽  
Verticillium Dahliae Kleb

The structure and development of tissues in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) root tips colonized by Verticillium dahliae Kleb. were contrasted with those of uninoculated root tips. Within 2 days of inoculation hyphae had penetrated the root cap without eliciting any wall appositions in the root cap cells. Callose-like deposits were found along the walls of protodermal cells bordering the colonized cap cells. Overall, colonized root tips had lost their meristematic appearance owing to increased vacuolation in the cells. In contrast to the normal longitudinal course of primary vascular differentiation, in infected root tips the protoxylem matured in advance of the protophloem. Fifteen days after inoculation the root tips had lapsed into maturity. The endodermis and exodermis extended completely around what was once the apical meristem. Although the xylem had differentiated to within several cell layers of the colonized apex, xylem infection had not occurred in this region. Sieve elements in colonized root tips failed to develop sieve-plate pores.

Histopathology of Verticillium dahliae within mature roots of Russet Burbank potatoes

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (12) ◽  
pp. 3405-3421 ◽  
Author(s):  
James W. Perry ◽  
Ray. F. Evert
Keyword(s):  
Verticillium Dahliae ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzymes ◽  
Structural Response ◽  
Cortical Layer ◽  
Russet Burbank ◽  
Vessel Elements ◽  
Dense Substance ◽  
Perforation Plates ◽  
Verticillium Dahliae Kleb

Roots of Russet Burbank potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) inoculated with Verticillium dahliae Kleb. were examined, primarily with the electron microscope. Penetration hyphae entered epidermal cells directly, apparently aided by hydrolytic enzymes. In most instances, penetration took place without eliciting any structural response. Most hyphae failed to penetrate deeper than the epidermal layer, owing primarily to the formation by exodermal cells of lignitubers that ensheathed the penetration hyphae. Apparently lignitubers were sometimes initiated as callose-like appositions opposite encounter sites. All cortical layers were capable of lignituber production. Few hyphae were encountered within cells deeper than the second cortical layer, and intercellular colonization was not extensive. Nonetheless, vascular infection of unwounded roots occurred. Wilt symptoms were first noted 2 days after hyphae were found in vessel elements of the root. Walls and pit membranes of colonized tracheary elements were coated with an electron-dense substance. As the disease progressed, hyphae invaded all tissues in the vascular cylinder and eventually grew back out into the cortex. The soft-walled tissues were destroyed. In wounded roots many severed vessels contained membranous remnants, conidia, and hyphae that tended to be accumulated at the perforation plates.

scholarly journals Calmodulin: localization in plant tissues.

1986 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 561-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
C T Lin ◽  
D Sun ◽  
G X Song ◽  
J Y Wu
Keyword(s):  
Apical Meristem ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Bovine Brain ◽  
Root Cap ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Cortical Cells ◽  
Oat Seeds ◽  
Terminal Buds

Calmodulin was purified from bovine brain by preparative SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The denatured, purified calmodulin was used to immunize rabbits to produce antiserum. This antiserum was used to study the distribution of calmodulin in plant tissues by indirect immunohistochemistry. The root tips from corn seeds, oat seeds, peanuts, spaghetti squash seeds, and the terminal buds of spinach were investigated. A method for plant tissue sectioning and inhibition of endogenous peroxide activity was developed. In the corn root section, reaction product from anti-calmodulin was found mainly in the root cap cells. Lesser but significant amounts of calmodulin were localized in metaxylem elements, in some stele cells surrounding metaxylem elements, in apical initials, and in the cortical cells. Similar findings were also observed in other root tips from oat seeds, peanuts, and spaghetti squash seeds. In the terminal buds of the spinach, calmodulin-stained cells were highly concentrated in the apical meristem and leaf primordium. These findings suggest that the high concentration of calmodulin in the root cap may be important in relation to gravitropism and growth development.

Localization of acid phosphatases in root cap of rice plant

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 224-225
Author(s):  
Y. R. Chen ◽  
Y. F. Huang ◽  
W. S. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Rice Plant ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Root Cap ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Acid Phosphatases ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Buffer Solution ◽  
Cacodylate Buffer ◽  
Ethanol Series

Acid phosphatases are widely distributed in different tisssues of various plants. Studies on subcellular localization of acid phosphatases show they might be present in cell wall, plasma lemma, mitochondria, plastid, vacuole and nucleus. However, their localization in rice cell varies with developmental stages of cells and plant tissues. In present study, acid phosphatases occurring in root cap are examined.Sliced root tips of ten-day-old rice(Oryza sativa) seedlings were fixed in 0.1M cacodylate buffer containing 2.5% glutaraldehyde for 2h, washed overnight in same buffer solution, incubated in Gomori's solution at 37° C for 90min, post-fixed in OsO4, dehydrated in ethanol series and finally embeded in Spurr's resin. Sections were doubly stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate, and observed under Hitachi H-600 at 75 KV.

Phytotoxicity of Verticillium dahliae Kleb. on sunflower sprouts

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.A. Vypritskaya ◽  
◽  
A.A. Kuznetsov
Keyword(s):  
Verticillium Dahliae ◽  
The Family ◽  
Verticillium Dahliae Kleb

Data on the prevalence in the Tambov region of the pathogen Verticillium dahliae Kleb (Verticillium dahliae) and the phytotoxicity of filtrates of the pathogen isolated from sunflower and a wild weed of the family of compound flowers (Xantium strumarium) are presented.

Interaction of Meloidogyne hapla and Verticillium dahliae, and the chemical control of wilt in strawberry

1970 ◽  
Vol 10 (45) ◽  
pp. 493 ◽  
Author(s):  
JW Meagher ◽  
PT Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Verticillium Dahliae ◽  
Methyl Bromide ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Soil Fumigation ◽  
Meloidogyne Hapla ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Methyl Isothiocyanate ◽  
Severity Of Disease ◽  
Verticillium Dahliae Kleb

In a field experiment with strawberries, pre-plant treatments with broad-spectrum fumigants methyl bromide-chloropicrin (450 kg/ha) or methyl isothiocyanate-dichloropropene (500 l/ha) (and 300 l/ha) controlled wilt caused by Verticillium dahliae Kleb and resulted in increased yields. Soil fumigation with the nematicide ethylene dibromidz (105 l/ha) also improved yields. It controlled the root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne hapla Chitwood), delayed the onset of wilt symptoms and reduced the severity of disease. This indicated a nematode-fungus interaction and is the first report of a Meloidogyne-Verticillium interaction in strawberry.

Regulation of cell proliferation patterns by homeotic genes during Arabidopsis floral development

Development ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 127 (6) ◽  
pp. 1267-1276 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.D. Jenik ◽  
V.F. Irish
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Apical Meristem ◽  
Floral Development ◽  
Developmental Process ◽  
Cell Layer ◽  
Homeotic Genes ◽  
Transmitting Tract ◽  
Organ Identity ◽  
Element System ◽  
Cell Layers

The shoot apical meristem of Arabidopsis thaliana consists of three cell layers that proliferate to give rise to the aerial organs of the plant. By labeling cells in each layer using an Ac-based transposable element system, we mapped their contributions to the floral organs, as well as determined the degree of plasticity in this developmental process. We found that each cell layer proliferates to give rise to predictable derivatives: the L1 contributes to the epidermis, the stigma, part of the transmitting tract and the integument of the ovules, while the L2 and L3 contribute, to different degrees, to the mesophyll and other internal tissues. In order to test the roles of the floral homeotic genes in regulating these patterns of cell proliferation, we carried out similar clonal analyses in apetala3-3 and agamous-1 mutant plants. Our results suggest that cell division patterns are regulated differently at different stages of floral development. In early floral stages, the pattern of cell divisions is dependent on position in the floral meristem, and not on future organ identity. Later, during organogenesis, the layer contributions to the organs are controlled by the homeotic genes. We also show that AGAMOUS is required to maintain the layered structure of the meristem prior to organ initiation, as well as having a non-autonomous role in the regulation of the layer contributions to the petals.

First report of Verticillium dahliae Kleb. causing wilt symptoms in canola (Brassica napus L.) in North America

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 514-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheau-Fang Hwang ◽  
Stephen E. Strelkov ◽  
Hafiz U. Ahmed ◽  
Qixing Zhou ◽  
Heting Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
North America ◽  
Verticillium Dahliae ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
First Report ◽  
Verticillium Dahliae Kleb
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