Influence of the mycangial fungi of the western pine beetle on water conduction through ponderosa pine seedlings

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 556-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. D. Paine
Keyword(s):  
Hypersensitive Response ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Water Movement ◽  
Western Pine Beetle ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Water Conduction ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
Water Tension

The mycangial fungi Ceratocystis nigracarpa Davidson and a basidiomycete associated with western pine beetle reduce water conduction through seedling ponderosa pine. Only after the trees had been severely water stressed was the water tension in control treated trees not significantly different from that of a fungus treatment. There were no differences in the lengths of the lesions produced in a hypersensitive response to inoculated fungi or in the controls. This suggests that the reduction in water movement is a result of some factor other than destruction of conductive tissue.

Seasonal response of ponderosa pine to inoculation of the mycangial fungi from the western pine beetle

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 551-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. D. Paine
Keyword(s):  
Hypersensitive Response ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Dendroctonus Brevicomis ◽  
Western Pine Beetle ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Blue Stain ◽  
Ethanol Extracts ◽  
Ceratocystis Minor ◽  
Made In

The hypersensitive response obtained by inoculating the two mycangial fungi of the western pine beetle, Dendroctonus brevicomis LeC, and the blue-stain fungus, Ceratocystis minor Hedge, into ponderosa pine was measured during three different seasons in the same 12-month period. The lesions were produced faster and were significantly longer in the fall than in the summer. Similarly, lesions were longer and were produced faster when inoculations made in the summer were compared with spring inoculations. However, the response to a nonpathogenic fungus, a Penicillium sp., was not different from the response to mycangial fungi, suggesting that lesion production is a generalized response to infection that isolates fungus-colonized tissue from the rest of the tree. Ethanol extracts of hypersensitive-response lesions produced during the spring did not reduce growth of the mycangial fungi or C. minor when bioassayed at concentrations similar to those found in host tissue. This is different from other bark beetle–host tree systems that have been investigated.

Efficacy of Verbenone for Protecting Ponderosa Pine Stands From Western Pine Beetle (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) Attack in California

2009 ◽  
Vol 102 (5) ◽  
pp. 1846-1858 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher J. Fettig ◽  
Stephen R. Mckelvey ◽  
Robert R. Borys ◽  
Christopher P. Dabney ◽  
Shakeeb M. Hamud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Western Pine Beetle ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
Pine Stands

Non-staining fungi associated with the bark beetle Dendroctonus brevicomis (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) on Pinus ponderosa

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (9) ◽  
pp. 1943-1945 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. S. Whitney ◽  
F. W. Cobb Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Pinus Ponderosa ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Dendroctonus Brevicomis ◽  
Western Pine Beetle ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Ceratocystis Minor

Three fungi—Ceratocystis nigrocarpa Davidson, an unidentified hyphomycete, and an unidentified basidiomycete—were isolated from extensive non-stained areas of sapwood of ponderosa pine infested with western pine beetle, Dendroctonus brevicomis Lec., in California. The two unidentified fungi were also present in the thoracic mycangium of the female beetle while C. nigrocarpa was found only externally on the beetle. The mycangium and its contents are illustrated. Ceratocystis minor (Hedgc.) Hunt, which was also found externally on the beetle but not in the mycangium, was isolated only from scattered patches of blue-stained sapwood. It is suggested that non-staining fungi play a role in causing the death of ponderosa pine trees attacked by D. brevicomis.

Association between Dendroctonus valens and black stain root disease on ponderosa pine in the Sierra Nevada of California

2005 ◽  
Vol 137 (3) ◽  
pp. 367-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald R. Owen ◽  
David L. Wood ◽  
John R. Parmeter
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Sierra Nevada ◽  
Pinus Ponderosa ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Mountain Pine Beetle ◽  
Root Disease ◽  
Western Pine Beetle ◽  
Dendroctonus Valens ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
Colonization Behavior

AbstractThe host-colonization behavior of the red turpentine beetle, Dendroctonus valens LeConte (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), was investigated in stands of ponderosa pine, Pinus ponderosa P. & C. Lawson (Pinaceae), with black stain root disease in the central Sierra Nevada of California. By felling live trees, we found that trees with pitch tubes produced during the initiation of tunneling by D. valens had a significantly higher incidence of black stain root disease, caused by Leptographium wageneri var. ponderosum (Harrington et Cobb), than trees without pitch tubes. Trees with the most D. valens pitch tubes had the greatest likelihood of being diseased. Additionally, observations over a 3-year period revealed that trees with D. valens pitch tubes had a significantly higher mortality rate than trees without pitch tubes. Infection by L. wageneri was confirmed for most of the trees that died, and death typically did not occur without mass attacks by the western pine beetle, D. brevicomis LeConte, and (or) the mountain pine beetle, D. ponderosae Hopkins. Trees with the most D. valens pitch tubes had the highest mortality rate. An experiment was conducted to compare the attraction of D. valens and other insects to wounded-diseased, wounded-symptomless, and unwounded trees. More D. valens, Spondylis upiformis Mannerheim (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), and Hylastes spp. (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) were attracted to wounded trees than to unwounded trees. Catches of these beetles on wounded-diseased trees were not significantly different from catches on wounded-symptomless trees.

A SAMPLING DESIGN FOR THE EGG AND FIRST INSTAR LARVAL POPULATIONS OF THE WESTERN PINE BEETLE, DENDROCTONUS BREVICOMIS (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE)

1971 ◽  
Vol 103 (9) ◽  
pp. 1291-1313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cornell O. Dudley
Keyword(s):  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Dendroctonus Brevicomis ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Western Pine Beetle ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Pine Beetle ◽  
Endemic Population ◽  
Image Position ◽  
Linear Regressions

AbstractThe distributions of attack, gallery length, eggs, and first instar larvae of an endemic population of the western pine beetle in ponderosa pine are described.Mean gallery length (GL) and larval (L) densities of mature populations are significantly correlated with attack (A) density. The associations are adequately described by the simple linear regressionsThe ratios E/GL and L/GL are stable over a wide range of gallery length densities and consequently egg-gallery length and larval-gallery length correlations are highly significant. The regression equations areAll four equations predict values within 10% of observed values.An 88 cm2 sampling unit is satisfactory for sampling either egg or first instar larval populations. Taking four paired sampling units, evenly spaced along the infested bole, from each of four trees per generation, provided a sampling precision of 15%. Increasing the number of paired units to 10 and the number of trees sampled per generation to 9 improved the precision to 10%. If the trees are sampled before oviposition is complete, the number of sampled trees per generation should be increased by 1 for each level of precision.

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