Ectomycorrhizal synthesis with Alaskan Alnus tenuifolia

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 761-767 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. L. Brunner ◽  
F. Brunner ◽  
O. K. Miller Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
In Vitro Synthesis ◽  
First Report ◽  
Alnus Nepalensis ◽  
Hartig Net

The ability of Alnus tenuifolia to form ectomycorrhizae with potential ectomycorrhizal fungi was investigated. Alnus tenuifolia seedlings raised in growth pouches were inoculated with Frankia to induce nodulation and then with a putative ectomycorrhizal fungus. The fungi used were collected in nearly pure A. tenuifolia stands in Alaska or were found in Alnus nepalensis stands in Nepal. Five species of putative ectomycorrhizal symbionts of alders were tested. Alpova diplophloeus and Paxillus filamentosus formed both mantle and Hartig net. Cortinarius cf. saturninus developed a mantle but no Hartig net. Hebeloma cf. crustuliniforme and Gyrodon lividus developed neither mantle nor Hartig net. This is the first report of synthesis of P. filamentosus and C. cf. saturninus with Alnus. The ectomycorrhizal status of the genus Gyrodon is discussed, since in vitro synthesis has not yet been demonstrated. Synthesis with A. diplophloeus and H. crustuliniforme did not result in ectomycorrhizal formations with nonnodulated alder seedlings.

scholarly journals Mycorrhizal colonization and phenolic compounds accumulation on roots of Eucalyptus dunnii maiden inoculated with ectomycorrhizal fungi

2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (9) ◽  
pp. 1905-1910 ◽  
Author(s):  
EDUARDO LUIZ VOIGT ◽  
VETÚRIA LOPES DE OLIVEIRA ◽  
ÁUREA MARIA RANDI
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Colonization ◽  
Hartig Net ◽  
Eucalyptus Dunnii ◽  
Pinus Spp

Compatibility between Eucalyptus dunnii and the ectomycorrhizal fungi Hysterangium gardneri and Pisolithus sp. - from Eucalyptus spp. -, Rhizopogon nigrescens and Suillus cothurnatus - from Pinus spp.-, was studied in vitro. Pisolithus sp., H. gardneri and S. cothurnatus colonized the roots. Pisolithus sp. mycorrhizas presented mantle and Hartig net, while H. gardneri and S. cothurnatus mycorrhizas presented only mantle. S. cothurnatus increased phenolics level on roots. Pisolithus sp. and R. nigrescens decreased the level of these substances. The isolates from Eucalyptus seem to be more compatible towards E. dunnii than those from Pinus. The mechanisms involved could be related, at least in the cases of Pisolithus and Suillus, to the concentration of phenolics in roots.

Phosphate-solubilizing activity of ectomycorrhizal fungi in vitro

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 342-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Lapeyrie ◽  
J. Ranger ◽  
D. Vairelles
Keyword(s):  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Calcium Phosphates ◽  
Growth Stimulation ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Phosphate Solubilizing ◽  
Phosphate Source ◽  
Solubilizing Activity

An easy to use method is presented here to compare and study the mineral phosphate-solubilizing activity of ectomycorrhizal fungi. This technique can discriminate between strains with differing phosphate-solubilizing activities. Synthetic mineral phosphates, crystalline or amorphous, were differentially solubilized by 10 ectomycorrhizal fungi. Natural crystalline phosphates studied do not seem to be solubilized by fungi under similar experimental conditions. Paxillus involutus 1 appears to be able to solubilize calcium phosphates using either ammonium or nitrate nitrogen, but the other isolates were able to effectively solubilize phosphate only in the presence of ammonium. This has implications regarding the possible mechanism used to solubilize phosphate by these isolates. Recrystallization can be seen in the culture medium if calcium ions are present. The type of crystals depends on the phosphate source and on the fungal strain. This technique is suitable for screening a large number of ectomycorrhizal strains. The significance of phosphate-solubilizing activity to plant growth stimulation needs to be determined by field trials. Key words: ectomycorrhizal fungus, phosphate, solubilization.

Effect of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Hebeloma hiemale on adventitious root formation in derooted Pinus halepensis shoot hypocotyls

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 1265-1270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilles Gay
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Culture Filtrate ◽  
Root Formation ◽  
Pinus Halepensis ◽  
Hormonal Treatment ◽  
Adventitious Root Formation ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid

The effect of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Hebeloma hiemale and of its culture filtrate on in vitro rooting of Pinus halepensis derooted shoot hypocotyls was studied in an attempt to determine if ectomycorrhizal fungi could enhance adventitious root formation in gymnosperms. Pinus halepensis hypocotyls did not root in the absence of hormonal treatment, whereas the rooting percentage was 87.3% in the presence of 5 μM indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). In the presence of tryptophan, which is a precursor of IAA, H. hiemale strongly enhanced rooting of hypocotyls cultivated in the absence of any hormonal treatment. In the presence of 0.1 mM tryptophan, the rooting percentage of the inoculated hypocotyls was 96.6%, whereas it was only 7.6% in the absence of the fungus. Hebeloma hiemale culture filtrate obtained in the absence of tryptophan did not contain IAA and did not stimulate rooting of the hypocotyls. In contrast, a culture filtrate obtained in the presence of tryptophan contained IAA; an ethyl acetate extract from this filtrate allowed 100% rooting. Different fractions were isolated by preparative thin-layer chromatography from the IAA-containing filtrate and studied for their effect on rooting. It was demonstrated that IAA was responsible for the rhizogenic activity of H. hiemale. These results suggest that ectomycorrhizal fungi which rapidly metabolize exogenously supplied tryptophan to IAA could be a suitable tool to enhance in vitro rooting of micropropagated gymnosperms. Key words: ectomycorrhizal fungus, indole-3-acetic acid, rooting, shoot hypocotyl, Hebeloma hiemale, Pinus halepensis.

scholarly journals Involutin Is an Fe3+Reductant Secreted by the Ectomycorrhizal Fungus Paxillus involutus during Fenton-Based Decomposition of Organic Matter

2015 ◽  
Vol 81 (24) ◽  
pp. 8427-8433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Firoz Shah ◽  
Daniel Schwenk ◽  
César Nicolás ◽  
Per Persson ◽  
Dirk Hoffmeister ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Organic Matter Decomposition ◽  
Mineral Nutrient ◽  
Paxillus Involutus ◽  
Fenton Chemistry ◽  
Content Type

ABSTRACTEctomycorrhizal fungi play a key role in mobilizing nutrients embedded in recalcitrant organic matter complexes, thereby increasing nutrient accessibility to the host plant. Recent studies have shown that during the assimilation of nutrients, the ectomycorrhizal fungusPaxillus involutusdecomposes organic matter using an oxidative mechanism involving Fenton chemistry (Fe2++ H2O2+ H+→ Fe3++ ˙OH + H2O), similar to that of brown rot wood-decaying fungi. In such fungi, secreted metabolites are one of the components that drive one-electron reductions of Fe3+and O2, generating Fenton chemistry reagents. Here we investigated whether such a mechanism is also implemented byP. involutusduring organic matter decomposition. Activity-guided purification was performed to isolate the Fe3+-reducing principle secreted byP. involutusduring growth on a maize compost extract. The Fe3+-reducing activity correlated with the presence of one compound. Mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) identified this compound as the diarylcyclopentenone involutin. A major part of the involutin produced byP. involutusduring organic matter decomposition was secreted into the medium, and the metabolite was not detected when the fungus was grown on a mineral nutrient medium. We also demonstrated that in the presence of H2O2, involutin has the capacity to drive anin vitroFenton reaction via Fe3+reduction. Our results show that the mechanism for the reduction of Fe3+and the generation of hydroxyl radicals via Fenton chemistry by ectomycorrhizal fungi during organic matter decomposition is similar to that employed by the evolutionarily related brown rot saprotrophs during wood decay.

In vitro synthesis of a unique RNA species by a T particle of vesicular stomatitis virus.

1977 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 708-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
S U Emerson ◽  
P M Dierks ◽  
J T Parsons
Keyword(s):  
Vesicular Stomatitis Virus ◽  
In Vitro Synthesis ◽  
Vesicular Stomatitis

In vitro synthesis of enzymatically active HIV-1 protease for rapid phenotypic resistance profiling

2005 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 294-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dieter Hoffmann ◽  
Bernd Buchberger ◽  
Cordula Nemetz
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Synthesis ◽  
Phenotypic Resistance ◽  
Hiv 1
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