Phylogenetic interrelationships in the order Primulales, with special emphasis on the family circumscriptions

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (11) ◽  
pp. 1699-1730 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arne A. Anderberg ◽  
Bertil Ståhl
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Monophyletic Group ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
The Family

Cladistic parsimony analyses, based on morphological data, have been undertaken with the purpose of identifying major monophyletic groups and phylogenetic interrelationships within the Primulales. Actinidia (Actinidiaceae, Ericales) and three genera from two families of the Ebenales (Diospyros of the Ebenaceae and Manilkara and Monotheca of the Sapotaceae) were used as outgroups in the analyses. The results indicate that the Primulaceae, Theophrastaceae, and Myrsinaceae (excluding Maesa) represent three major monophyletic groups. The Myrsinaceae were found to be paraphyletic, with the majority of taxa forming a monophyletic group but with the genus Maesa constituting the sister group of the Primulaceae. It is proposed that Maesa should be raised to the rank of family to obtain strictly monophyletic groups in the Primulales. The genera Aegiceras and Coris, for which family affinities have been controversial, are well nested within the families Myrsinaceae and Primulaceae, respectively. Key words: Primulales, Theophrastaceae, Myrsinaceae, Primulaceae, morphology, taxonomy, phylogeny, cladistics, classification.

Phylogenetic relationships of the African genera Alestes and Brycinus (Teleostei, Characiformes, Alestidae)

2002 ◽  
Vol 80 (11) ◽  
pp. 1887-1899 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison M Murray ◽  
Kathlyn M Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Monophyletic Group ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Subject

The family Alestidae (also referred to as the African Characidae) comprises the African dwarf forms ("Petersiini") and the genera Alestes, Brycinus, Bryconaethiops, and Hydrocynus. Although several authors have presented characters to support the monophyly of the family, a cladistic analysis of the group has not been published. Furthermore, the interrelationships of the constituent groups are the subject of some controversy. A cladistic analysis of the Alestidae is presented, including characters to support the monophyly of the family. The results of this study indicate that several species should be removed from the genus Brycinus, that Hydrocynus is the sister group of Alestes s.str. (containing only five species), and that the dwarf alestids ("Petersiini") do not form a monophyletic group.

scholarly journals Phylogeny of the Anomura (Decapoda, Crustacea): Spermatozoa and spermatophore morphological evidence

1997 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher C. Tudge
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Decapod Crustacean ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
The Other ◽  
Monophyletic Group ◽  
Morphological Evidence ◽  
Monophyletic Clade ◽  
The Family ◽  
Single Clade

A phylogenetic analysis of selected anomuran, thalassinidean, and other decapod crustacean taxa, based on spermatozoal ultrastructural characters and spermatophore morphological characters, was performed and the following relationships of the taxa are elucidated from the trees produced. The Anomura are not a monophyletic assemblage, with the lomoid Lomis being exclusive of the remainder of the anomuran taxa, and the thalassinid Thalassina included in the anomuran clade. The synapomorphy joining the majority of the conventional anomuran taxa (Lomis excluded) is the cytoplasmic origin of the microtubular arms. When the palinurid and thalassinoid representatives are separately designated as outgroups, the Astacidea and Brachyura jointly formed a sister group to the Anomura. The superfamilies Thalassinoidea, Paguroidea, and Galatheoidea are not monophyletic groups. In all analyses the anomuran families Coenobitidae and Porcellanidae each form a monophyletic group. The paguroid family Diogenidae is paraphyletic, with the genera Clibanarius and Cancellus separate from a single clade containing the remaining diogenid genera. The families Paguridae and Parapaguridae form a monophyletic clade with the exception of Porcellanopagurus. The two representatives of the family Chirostylidae (Eumunida and Uroptychus) fail to associate with the other species in the Galatheoidea. The taxa in the family Galatheidae are not a monophyletic assemblage. The only investigated hippoid Hippa is portrayed as the sister group to the remainder of the anomuran taxa (with the exception of Lomis).

scholarly journals An integrated phylogenetic analysis of turtles

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anieli Pereira ◽  
Carlos Schrago
Keyword(s):  
Divergence Time ◽  
Nuclear Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Inference ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Total Evidence ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Nonparametric Bootstrap ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Divergence Time Estimates ◽  
The Family

Background. Testudines is a reptilian order with unique morphological features among vertebrates. This order is currently divided into two suborders: Pleurodira and Cryptodira; which comprises approimately 14 extant families with 95 genera, about 320 species. Phylogenetic affinities below the family level remain largely unresolved. The main discrepancies among previous studies concern the position of the superfamily Trionychoidea and the families Chelydridae and Platystenidae. The recent improvement in combined phylogenetic inference and divergence time estimates, as well as the increased taxon sampling available in databases, prompted us to investigate their evolutionary relationships. Methods. In order to clarify the phylogenetic relatioships of Testudines, we inferred phylogenies from two datasets: (1) molecular dataset based on 12 genes, including 294 species; and (2) total evidence based on 12 genes plus 235 morphologic caracteres from the matrix of Sterli et al. (2013), including 28 extant and 69 extinct taxa. Maximum likelihood phylogenetic inference was performed with the data set partitioned into: (1) molecular nuclear data under GTR model of substitution, and (2) morphological data under Mk model. Statistical support for clades was assessed with 2000 nonparametric bootstrap replicates (BT). Results. Our results supported a split between Pleurodira and Cryptodira (BT > 97). In Cryptodira, we inferred an early split between Trionychoidea and all other Cryptodira, known as Durocryptodira (BT = 100). The monophyly of all families and superfamilies were recovered with high support (BT=100), except for the family Podocnemididae (BT=59). In both analyses, Chelydridae was recovered as sister-group to the superfamily Kinosternoidae (BT=99). With regard to Platysternidae, this monotypic asian family would split from Emydidae in the molecular phylogeny (BT = 81), whereas in the total analysis this split was between Emydidae and all remaining Testudinoidea: Emydidae + Geomydidae + Testudinidae. Discussion. All 14 families were represented in both analyses, although the molecular analysis contains 294 species-level taxa and total-evidence one has only 29 genus-level taxa. Pleurodira and Cryptodira were recovered as monophyletic as in most previous works. Trionychoidea was recovered as a clade within Cryptodira, in contrast to previous hypotheses, which placed this superfamily either as sister to Pleurodira or Cryptodira, or as sister group of all Testudines altogether. Chelydridae was recovered as sister-group of Kinosternoidae, whereas Platysternidae, a monotypic Asian family, was recovered as a member of Testudinoidae; although his position within the group was conflicting. This position of Platysternidae was the only conflict between crown groups found between our datasets.

scholarly journals An integrated phylogenetic analysis of turtles

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anieli Pereira ◽  
Carlos Schrago
Keyword(s):  
Divergence Time ◽  
Nuclear Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Inference ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Total Evidence ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Nonparametric Bootstrap ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Divergence Time Estimates ◽  
The Family

Background. Testudines is a reptilian order with unique morphological features among vertebrates. This order is currently divided into two suborders: Pleurodira and Cryptodira; which comprises approimately 14 extant families with 95 genera, about 320 species. Phylogenetic affinities below the family level remain largely unresolved. The main discrepancies among previous studies concern the position of the superfamily Trionychoidea and the families Chelydridae and Platystenidae. The recent improvement in combined phylogenetic inference and divergence time estimates, as well as the increased taxon sampling available in databases, prompted us to investigate their evolutionary relationships. Methods. In order to clarify the phylogenetic relatioships of Testudines, we inferred phylogenies from two datasets: (1) molecular dataset based on 12 genes, including 294 species; and (2) total evidence based on 12 genes plus 235 morphologic caracteres from the matrix of Sterli et al. (2013), including 28 extant and 69 extinct taxa. Maximum likelihood phylogenetic inference was performed with the data set partitioned into: (1) molecular nuclear data under GTR model of substitution, and (2) morphological data under Mk model. Statistical support for clades was assessed with 2000 nonparametric bootstrap replicates (BT). Results. Our results supported a split between Pleurodira and Cryptodira (BT > 97). In Cryptodira, we inferred an early split between Trionychoidea and all other Cryptodira, known as Durocryptodira (BT = 100). The monophyly of all families and superfamilies were recovered with high support (BT=100), except for the family Podocnemididae (BT=59). In both analyses, Chelydridae was recovered as sister-group to the superfamily Kinosternoidae (BT=99). With regard to Platysternidae, this monotypic asian family would split from Emydidae in the molecular phylogeny (BT = 81), whereas in the total analysis this split was between Emydidae and all remaining Testudinoidea: Emydidae + Geomydidae + Testudinidae. Discussion. All 14 families were represented in both analyses, although the molecular analysis contains 294 species-level taxa and total-evidence one has only 29 genus-level taxa. Pleurodira and Cryptodira were recovered as monophyletic as in most previous works. Trionychoidea was recovered as a clade within Cryptodira, in contrast to previous hypotheses, which placed this superfamily either as sister to Pleurodira or Cryptodira, or as sister group of all Testudines altogether. Chelydridae was recovered as sister-group of Kinosternoidae, whereas Platysternidae, a monotypic Asian family, was recovered as a member of Testudinoidae; although his position within the group was conflicting. This position of Platysternidae was the only conflict between crown groups found between our datasets.

Phylogenetic analysis of the superfamily Hemiuroidea (Platyhelminthes, Neodermata:Trematoda) based on partial 28S rDNA sequences

Parasitology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 146 (5) ◽  
pp. 596-603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey G. Sokolov ◽  
Dmitry M. Atopkin ◽  
Misako Urabe ◽  
Ilya I. Gordeev
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationship ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
28S Rdna ◽  
Monophyletic Group ◽  
Rdna Sequences ◽  
The Family ◽  
Statistical Support ◽  
28S Rdna Sequences

AbstractIn the present paper, the phylogenetic relationships between genera, subfamilies and families of the Hemiuroidea are explored. Twelve new sequences of 28 rDNA and data taken from GenBank (NSBI) on 43 species affiliated to 34 genera were included in the analysis. Most of the hemiuroidean trematodes form two highly supported clades (A and B), which are sister groups to each other.Hemipera manterijoined withGonocercaspp. with moderate statistical support. This clade is basal relative to the clades A and B. Сlade A is polytomic and contains representatives of the families Accacoeliidae, Syncoeliidae, Didymozoidae, Hirudinellidae and Sclerodistomidae, and derogenid subfamilies Derogeninae and Halipeginae. At the same time, the Syncoeliidae, Hirudinellidae and Accacoeliidae form a well-supported monophyletic group. The phylogenetic relationship between Derogeninae and Halipeginae is poorly resolved. Сlade B unites the isoparorchiid, bunocotylid, lecithasterid and hemiurid trematodes. Our data re-establishes the family Bunocotylidae, which consists of two subfamilies, Opisthadeninae and Bunocotylinae, and theMachidatrema chilostoma+Hysterolecithoides frontilatusgroup. The Bunocotylidae is the sister group to the Hemiuridae + Lecithasteridae group and the Isoparorchiidae is a basal relative to the representatives of these three hemiuroid families.

A new phylogenetically basal subfamily of brown lacewings from Chile (Neuroptera: Hemerobiidae)

1994 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Oswald
Keyword(s):  
New Genus ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
New Genus And Species ◽  
The Family ◽  
Female Holotype

AbstractA new genus and species, Adelphohemerobius enigmaramus, is described from Chile and assigned to a new subfamily, Adelphohemerobiinae, of the neuropterous family Hemerobiidae (brown lacewings). A cladistic analysis of morphological data derived from the unique female holotype of A. enigmaramus supports the conclusion that it represents the sister-group of the family Hemerobiidae sensu Oswald (1993a). The holotype of A. enigmaramus is interpreted to be the first non-teratological hemerobiid specimen known to possess a single 'radial sector', i.e., only the true ancestral Rs.

scholarly journals Sequence data from isolated lichen-associated melanized fungi enhance delimitation of two new lineages within Chaetothyriomycetidae

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 911-927
Author(s):  
Lucia Muggia ◽  
Yu Quan ◽  
Cécile Gueidan ◽  
Abdullah M. S. Al-Hatmi ◽  
Martin Grube ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Data ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Asexual Propagation ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Family ◽  
Rock Inhabiting Fungi ◽  
Stable Habitat

AbstractLichen thalli provide a long-lived and stable habitat for colonization by a wide range of microorganisms. Increased interest in these lichen-associated microbial communities has revealed an impressive diversity of fungi, including several novel lineages which still await formal taxonomic recognition. Among these, members of the Eurotiomycetes and Dothideomycetes usually occur asymptomatically in the lichen thalli, even if they share ancestry with fungi that may be parasitic on their host. Mycelia of the isolates are characterized by melanized cell walls and the fungi display exclusively asexual propagation. Their taxonomic placement requires, therefore, the use of DNA sequence data. Here, we consider recently published sequence data from lichen-associated fungi and characterize and formally describe two new, individually monophyletic lineages at family, genus, and species levels. The Pleostigmataceae fam. nov. and Melanina gen. nov. both comprise rock-inhabiting fungi that associate with epilithic, crust-forming lichens in subalpine habitats. The phylogenetic placement and the monophyly of Pleostigmataceae lack statistical support, but the family was resolved as sister to the order Verrucariales. This family comprises the species Pleostigma alpinum sp. nov., P. frigidum sp. nov., P. jungermannicola, and P. lichenophilum sp. nov. The placement of the genus Melanina is supported as a lineage within the Chaetothyriales. To date, this genus comprises the single species M. gunde-cimermaniae sp. nov. and forms a sister group to a large lineage including Herpotrichiellaceae, Chaetothyriaceae, Cyphellophoraceae, and Trichomeriaceae. The new phylogenetic analysis of the subclass Chaetothyiomycetidae provides new insight into genus and family level delimitation and classification of this ecologically diverse group of fungi.

Three new cribrimorph bryozoans (order Cheilostomatida) from the early Miocene of Argentina, with a discussion on spinocystal shield morphologies

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Juan López-Gappa ◽  
Leandro M. Pérez ◽  
Ana C.S. Almeida ◽  
Débora Iturra ◽  
Dennis P. Gordon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type Species ◽  
Systematic Position ◽  
Early Miocene ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Fossil Species ◽  
Extant Species ◽  
The Family ◽  
Subjective Synonym

Abstract Bryozoans with calcified frontal shields formed by the fusion of costae, collectively constituting a spinocyst, are traditionally assigned to the family Cribrilinidae. Today, this family is regarded as nonmonophyletic. In the Argentine Cenozoic, cribrilinids were until recently represented by only two fossil species from the Paleocene of Patagonia. This study describes the first fossil representatives of Jolietina and Parafigularia: J. victoria n. sp. and P. pigafettai n. sp., respectively. A fossil species of Figularia, F. elcanoi n. sp., is also described. The material comes from the early Miocene of the Monte León and Chenque formations (Patagonia, Argentina). For comparison, we also provide redescriptions of the remaining extant species of Jolietina: J. latimarginata (Busk, 1884) and J. pulchra Canu and Bassler, 1928a. The systematic position of some species previously assigned to Figularia is here discussed. Costafigularia n. gen. is erected, with Figularia pulcherrima Tilbrook, Hayward, and Gordon, 2001 as type species. Two species previously assigned to Figularia are here transferred to Costafigularia, resulting in C. jucunda n. comb. and C. tahitiensis n. comb. One species of Figularia is reassigned to Vitrimurella, resulting in V. ampla n. comb. The family Vitrimurellidae is here reassigned to the superfamily Cribrilinoidea. The subgenus Juxtacribrilina is elevated to genus rank. Inferusia is regarded as a subjective synonym of Parafigularia. Parafigularia darwini Moyano, 2011 is synonymized with I. taylori Kuklinski and Barnes, 2009, resulting in Parafigularia taylori n. comb. Morphological data suggest that these genera comprise different lineages, and a discussion on the disparities among cribrilinid (sensu lato) spinocysts is provided. UUID: http://zoobank.org/215957d3-064b-47e2-9090-d0309f6c9cd8

scholarly journals Brachycorythis obcordata (Lindl.) Summerh. (Orchidaceae): A new angiospermic record for Bangladesh

1970 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
MM Hoque ◽  
MK Huda
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
New Record ◽  
The Family

Brachycorythis (Lindl.) Summerh. of the family Orchidaceae is reported here as a new angiospermic record for Bangladesh flora. Key words: Brachycorythis obcordata, Orchidaceae, New record, Bangladesh doi:10.3329/bjb.v37i2.1732 Bangladesh J. Bot. 37(2): 199-201, 2008 (December)

Review of Eohiodon (Teleostei: Osteoglossomorpha) from western North America, with a phylogenetic reassessment of Hiodontidae

1997 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 1109-1124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Guo-Qing ◽  
Mark V. H. Wilson ◽  
Lance Grande
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Western North America ◽  
Extant Species ◽  
The Family ◽  
Fossil Records ◽  
Fossil Genus ◽  
Freshwater Teleosts

Review of recently collected material of Eohiodon from North America suggests that there are two valid species, E. rosei (Hussakof) and E. woodroffi Wilson. Eohiodon falcatus Grande is identical to E. woodruffi in known skeletal features and nearly all meristic features and is treated as a junior synonym of the latter. The fossil genus Eohiodon Cavender differs from Hiodon Lesueur, which is known from both fossil and extant species, in numerous meristic and osteological features. The caudal skeleton in Eohiodon is nearly identical to that in Hiodon.The traditionally accepted Notopteroidei, containing Lycopteridae, Hiodontidae, and Notopteridae, is a polypheletic group. The Asian fossil family Lycopteridae is not more closely related to Hiodontidae than it is to other taxa in the Osteoglossomorpha, but is sister to all other Osteoglossomorpha. The Hiodontiformes sensu stricto, including only the family Hiodontidae, is the sister-group of the Osteoglossiformes. This family is not more closely related to notopterids than to other taxa in Osteoglossiformes. The Notopteridae are most closely related to the Mormyroidea; together they and the fossil family Ostariostomidae constitute the sister-group of the Osteoglossoidei.Fossil records of Hiodontiformes sensu stricto and Notopteroidei indicate a widespread pre-Neogene biogeographic range of these freshwater teleosts, suggesting that extinction must have been involved in the Cenozoic evolution of these two osteoglossomorph sublineages.

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