Three new cribrimorph bryozoans (order Cheilostomatida) from the early Miocene of Argentina, with a discussion on spinocystal shield morphologies

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Juan López-Gappa ◽  
Leandro M. Pérez ◽  
Ana C.S. Almeida ◽  
Débora Iturra ◽  
Dennis P. Gordon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type Species ◽  
Systematic Position ◽  
Early Miocene ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Fossil Species ◽  
Extant Species ◽  
The Family ◽  
Subjective Synonym

Abstract Bryozoans with calcified frontal shields formed by the fusion of costae, collectively constituting a spinocyst, are traditionally assigned to the family Cribrilinidae. Today, this family is regarded as nonmonophyletic. In the Argentine Cenozoic, cribrilinids were until recently represented by only two fossil species from the Paleocene of Patagonia. This study describes the first fossil representatives of Jolietina and Parafigularia: J. victoria n. sp. and P. pigafettai n. sp., respectively. A fossil species of Figularia, F. elcanoi n. sp., is also described. The material comes from the early Miocene of the Monte León and Chenque formations (Patagonia, Argentina). For comparison, we also provide redescriptions of the remaining extant species of Jolietina: J. latimarginata (Busk, 1884) and J. pulchra Canu and Bassler, 1928a. The systematic position of some species previously assigned to Figularia is here discussed. Costafigularia n. gen. is erected, with Figularia pulcherrima Tilbrook, Hayward, and Gordon, 2001 as type species. Two species previously assigned to Figularia are here transferred to Costafigularia, resulting in C. jucunda n. comb. and C. tahitiensis n. comb. One species of Figularia is reassigned to Vitrimurella, resulting in V. ampla n. comb. The family Vitrimurellidae is here reassigned to the superfamily Cribrilinoidea. The subgenus Juxtacribrilina is elevated to genus rank. Inferusia is regarded as a subjective synonym of Parafigularia. Parafigularia darwini Moyano, 2011 is synonymized with I. taylori Kuklinski and Barnes, 2009, resulting in Parafigularia taylori n. comb. Morphological data suggest that these genera comprise different lineages, and a discussion on the disparities among cribrilinid (sensu lato) spinocysts is provided. UUID: http://zoobank.org/215957d3-064b-47e2-9090-d0309f6c9cd8

A revision of the genus Conocrinus d’Orbigny, 1850 (Echinodermata, Crinoidea, Rhizocrinidae) and its place among extant and fossil crinoids with a xenomorphic stalk

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4560 (1) ◽  
pp. 51 ◽  
Author(s):  
MICHEL ROUX ◽  
MARC ELÉAUME ◽  
NADIA AMÉZIANE
Keyword(s):  
Type Species ◽  
New Genus ◽  
First Record ◽  
New Genera ◽  
Fossil Species ◽  
Extinct Species ◽  
Extant Genus ◽  
Extant Species ◽  
The Family ◽  
Lower Campanian

The genus Conocrinus d’Orbigny, 1850 (Crinoidea, Bourgueticrinina) was established on the basis of two aboral cups that had previously been described as Bourgueticrinus thorenti d’Archiac, 1846. One of these (now considered lost) came from the “Rocher du Goulet” at the base of the Biarritz section (Bartonian, Côte des Basques, southwest France). D’Archiac figured only the second cup; this belongs to the d’Orbigny Collection and is still housed in the palaeontological collection of the Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle (Paris) as the lectotype of the species, C. thorenti. It appears that it was collected from Priabonian levels exposed near Castellane (Alpes de Haute Provence, southeast France). New observations on this cup, as well as a detailed study of the characters of aboral cups, columnals and proximal brachials in a few extant and fossil species classically attributed to Conocrinus or to closely related genera such as Democrinus, Rhizocrinus and Tormocrinus, have yielded arguments for a revision of the taxonomy and interrelationships of extant and fossil taxa in the family Bourgueticrinidae. Conocrinus (= Tormocrinus), as here interpreted, includes six Eocene species: C. thorenti, C. archiaci, C. cahuzaci n. sp., C. duperrieri, C. cf. suessi and C. veronensis. Numerous extinct species previously attributed to Conocrinus or Democrinus are here transferred to two new genera which first occur in the lower Paleocene: Paraconocrinus n. gen. (type species: P. pyriformis) and Pseudoconocrinus n. gen. (type species: P. doncieuxi). Aboral cups from the “Rocher du Goulet” (Biarritz) are here assigned to Paraconocrinus pellati n. gen., n. sp., while the Danian species Democrinus maximus is transferred to Pseudoconocrinus n. gen. A new genus, Cherbonniericrinus, is created to accommodate a single extant species, Ch. cherbonnieri, previously attributed to Conocrinus, while the extant genus Rhizocrinus, closely related to Democrinus, is resurrected. Conocrinus and closely related genera are derived from a bourgueticrinine lineage the first record of which is from the lower Campanian, with the new genus Carstenicrinus. These are all attributed to the family Rhizocrinidae which is here considered distinct from the family Bourgueticrinidae. Rhizocrinids rapidly diversified immediately after the Cretaceous-Paleogene (K/Pg) event. Cretaceous taxa previously placed within the family Bourgueticrinidae now appear to be polyphyletic. Some of them do not belong to Bourgueticrinina, such as those of the Dunnicrinus lineage. Interrelationships of Rhizocrinidae and other post-Palaeozoic families having a xenomorphic stalk are discussed. 

On the taxonomy and biology of the clearwing moth Aegeria montis (Lepidoptera, Sesiidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4369 (3) ◽  
pp. 443
Author(s):  
NAOKI YATA ◽  
OLEG G. GORBUNOV ◽  
YUTAKA ARITA ◽  
YOSHICHIKA AOKI
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Systematic Position ◽  
New Combination ◽  
Clearwing Moth ◽  
First Time ◽  
Subjective Synonym

The systematic position of Aegeria montis Leech, 1889 and Zhuosesia zhuoxiana Yang, 1977 is discussed. Having studied newly collected material, we transfer A. montis to the genus Chamaesphecia Spuler, 1910, subgenus Chamaesphecia s. str. The male of this species and its genitalia are illustrated for the first time. The host-plant of its larvae is assumed to be a species of Euphorbia (Euphorbiaceae).        Zhuosesia Yang, 1977, syn. nov., is shown to be a junior subjective synonym of Chamaesphecia Spuler, 1910 with the new combination of its type species, Chamaesphecia zhuoxiana (Yang, 1977), comb. nov. 

Reappraisal of the burrowing lobster Axius (Malacostraca: Decapoda: Axiidea) in the fossil record with notes on palaeobiogeography and description of a new species

2017 ◽  
Vol 188 (3) ◽  
pp. 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matúš Hyžný ◽  
Sten Lennart Jakobsen ◽  
René H. B. Fraaije
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Record ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Late Oligocene ◽  
The West ◽  
Fossil Species ◽  
Western Tethys ◽  
Preservation Potential ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Subjective Synonym

The fossil record of the burrowing lobster Axius is reviewed. A diagnosis based on the characters with preservation potential is supplied. Plioaxius lineadactylus Fraaije et al., 2011, from the Pliocene of Belgium and the Netherlands is considered congeneric with the type species of Axius. As a consequence, Plioaxius is considered a junior subjective synonym of Axius. A newly described species, Axius hofstedtae from the late Oligocene of Denmark is considered the oldest unequivocal representative of Axius. Both fossil species, A. hofstedtae n. sp. and A. lineadactylus n. comb., share numerous morphological characters with extant Axius stirhynchus. Scarcity of the Cenozoic Axiidae is ascribed to lack of study of the fossil record of this group rather than to low fossilization potential of its representatives. A preliminary scenario of the migration of Axius based on the scarce fossil record suggests the origin in the Western Tethys and subsequent dispersal westward into the West Atlantic and eastward into the West Pacific.

Phylogeny and taxonomy of the Rhinorhynchinae (Coleoptera:Nemonychidae)

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillermo Kuschel ◽  
Richard A. B. Leschen
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Type Species ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Host Use ◽  
New Genera ◽  
Plant Associations ◽  
The Family ◽  
Fossil Genus ◽  
Subjective Synonym

An overview of the taxa of Rhinorhynchinae (Nemonychidae) is presented. A phylogenetic analysis of the 19 extant genera of the Rhinorhynchinae and one fossil genus from the Lower Cretaceous (Cratomacer Zherikhin & Gratshev), based on 29 characters of adults, larvae and host plant associations, shows three monophyletic groups, treated as tribes (Rhinorhynchini, Mecomacerini and Rhynchitomacerini). Primitive associations are unknown for Rhinorhynchinae and early host use diversification included associations with Ranunculaceae (Nemonyx Redtenbacher), Pinaceae (Cimberis Gozis), Nothofagaceae (Rhynchitomacerini) and Podocarpaceae (Rhinorhynchini). While Mecomacerini diversified on Araucariaceae, within Rhinorhynchini there was a single reversal to Araucariaceae and a shift in Atopomacer Kuschel to Pinaceae. Placement of Cratomacer into Mecomacerini is consistent with geological and molecular data that suggest gymnosperms may have been the primitive hosts for the family. Three new genera are described in Rhinorhynchinae: Araucomacer, gen. nov. (type species A. hirticeps Kuschel) from Chile, Idiomacer, gen. nov. (type species I. basicornis, sp. nov.) from New Caledonia, and Zimmiellus, gen. nov. (type species Z. fronto, sp. nov.) from Queensland, Australia, while Stenomacer Kuschel, stat. nov. from Chile is reinstated from synonymy. Seven species are described as new: Atopomacer grandifurca, sp. nov. from Costa Rica and Panama, A. obrieni, sp. nov. from Mexico, A. panamensis, sp. nov. from Panama, A. pini, sp. nov. from Mexico, A. podocarpi, sp. nov. from Venezuela, Basiliogeus dracrycarpi, sp. nov. from western New Guinea and B. inops, sp. nov. from Queensland. Rhynchitomacer rufus Kuschel is a new junior subjective synonym of R. nigritus Kuschel, syn. nov., R. viridulus Kuschel is a new junior subjective synonym of R. flavus Voss, syn. nov. and Stenomacer fuscus Kuschel is a new junior subjective synonym of S. vernus Kuschel, syn. nov. Keys to genera of Rhinorhynchinae and to species of Atopomacer, Rhynchitomacer and Stenomacer are included. Diagnoses of the three extant subfamilies of Nemonychidae are included.

scholarly journals The stapedial morphology of the Xenarthra and its implications for higher-level mammalian relationships

1992 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 107-107
Author(s):  
Timothy J. Gaudin ◽  
William D. Turnbull
Keyword(s):  
World Order ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Early Miocene ◽  
Common Ancestry ◽  
Fossil Species ◽  
Old World ◽  
Entire Cohort ◽  
The Family ◽  
Ground Sloth ◽  
Ground Sloths

The mammalian order Xenarthra (including the living Neotropical armadillos, anteaters, and tree sloths) has figured importantly in recent hypotheses of interordinal relationships among eutherian mammals. It has been suggested that the group shares a common ancestry both with the extant Old World order Pholidota (i.e. the pangolins or scaly-anteaters) and the extinct North American group Palaeanodonta. Furthermore, these three groups have been linked together into a monophyletic Cohort Edentata, which has been hypothesized to represent the sister-group to all other eutherians. This placement of edentates relative to the remainder of Eutheria has been supported in part by a purported difference in the morphology of the stapes in the two groups- edentates possessing a primitive, imperforate/columelliform morphology, other placentals a derived, perforate/stirrup-shaped morphology.A recent study of stapedial morphology among mammals by Novacek and Wyss (1986) suggests that within the Xenarthra itself a perforate stapes is found among armadillos, but that the pilosa in particular (the clade including anteaters and sloths) and the order as a whole are characterized primitively by an imperforate stapes. Our studies of the xenarthran ear region (Patterson et al., in press) have uncovered new ontogenetic and paleontological evidence which contradict the findings of Novacek and Wyss. Among adults of the two extant tree sloth genera, the stapes lacks a stapedial foramen. However, in both genera, this adult imperforate morphology is derived from a perforated juvenile stapes. Novacek and Wyss ignored fossil species in their consideration of the xenarthran stapes. It has long been known that extinct ground sloths of the family Mylodontidae possessed a large stapedial foramen. Unfortunately, until now no stapes were known from the remaining ground sloth families, the Megatheriidae and the Megalonychidae. We have uncovered a complete left stapes of an early Miocene megatheriid ground sloth Eucholoeops ingens. This stapes possesses a well-developed stapedial foramen. We believe that this new paleontological evidence, combined with our information on the ontogeny of the stapes in the living genera, clearly indicates that a perforate stapes is primitive for sloths. Moreover, when we plot distributions of stapedial morphologies of both living and fossil edentates onto a phylogeny of the Edentata, we can demonstrate that the a large stapedial foramen is primitive for the Xenarthra as a whole, and probably for the entire Cohort Edentata. Such a distribution makes it unlikely that stapedial morphology can be used to separate edentates from other eutherian mammals.

A new fossil species of the Australian endemic genus Peradenia Naumann & Masner (Hymenoptera: Proctotrupoidea, Peradeniidae) from Baltic Amber

2001 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens-Wilhelm Janzen ◽  
Norman F. Johnson ◽  
Luciana Musetti
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Amber ◽  
Australian Capital Territory ◽  
Fossil Species ◽  
Southeastern Australia ◽  
Extant Species ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Status ◽  
Subfamily Classification ◽  
A New Species

AbstractThe family Peradeniidae (Hymenoptera: Proctotrupoidea) is represented by two rare extant species from southeastern Australia (Australian Capital Territory, Victoria, Tasmania). A new species, Peradenia galerita sp. n., is described from Eocene Baltic amber. The fossil species is very similar to the living Perndenia, but has the short metasomatic petiole typical of most Proctotrupoidea. The subfamily classification of Heloridae proposed by Rasnitsyn and the status of Peradeniidae are briefly reviewed. The subfamily Mesohelorinae Rasnitsyn, 1990 is a junior synonym of Protohelorinae Rasnitsyn, 1980 (syn. n.).

First male of Corethrella andersoni Poinar & Szadziewski, 2007 (Diptera: Corethrellidae) from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
RYSZARD SZADZIEWSKI ◽  
ELŻBIETA SONTAG
Keyword(s):  
North Africa ◽  
Lower Cretaceous ◽  
Biting Midges ◽  
Northern Asia ◽  
Fossil Species ◽  
Burmese Amber ◽  
Annotated List ◽  
Extant Species ◽  
The Family ◽  
Single Genus

The family Corethrellidae, called frog-biting midges, with the single genus Corethrella Coquillett, 1902, is a small group of dipterans including 107 extant species (Borkent, 2017). Females of most species are haematophagous and feed on males of frogs and toads locating them by their calls (Borkent, 2008). Extant frog-biting midges have a pantropical distribution, absent in Europe, north Africa, middle and northern Asia (Giłka & Szadziewski, 2009). The genus during its phylogenetic history dated back to Lower Cretaceous (125–129 Ma) had a broader geographical distribution, and during Eocene was present in Europe. Till now nine fossil species have been described from Lower Cretaceous Lebanese amber (1), mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber (1), Eocene Baltic amber (5) and Miocene Dominican amber (2) (a complete annotated list is provided below). 

Phylogenetic overview of flat wasps (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae) reveals Elektroepyrinae, a new fossil subfamily

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-283
Author(s):  
WESLEY D. COLOMBO ◽  
EVGENY E. PERKOVSKY ◽  
CELSO O. AZEVEDO
Keyword(s):  
Lower Cretaceous ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
New Taxon ◽  
Fossil Species ◽  
Geological Record ◽  
Diverse Families ◽  
The Third ◽  
Extant Species ◽  
The Family

The flat wasps, Bethylidae, are cosmopolitan and one of the most diverse families of Chrysidoidea. Bethylidae have 2,920 described extant species and almost 90 fossil species. The oldest geological record of the family is the Lower Cretaceous, from Lebanese and Spanish ambers and Transbaikalian rock fossils. Here we describe and illustrate one new fossil subfamily of Bethylidae: †Elektroepyrinae subfam. nov. represented by †Elektroepyris Perrichot & Nel from the lowermost Eocene Oise amber (France), which was cladistically assessed against all other eight subfamilies of Bethylidae. The new taxon is easily distinguished from other subfamilies by the forewing venation with the third abscissa of Cu present. Phylogenetic analyses support the monophyly of all subfamilies of Bethylidae, with a matrix with 69 morphological characters and 22 terminal taxa from where †Elektroepyrinae subfam. nov. emerged as independent lineage from all other subfamilies.

scholarly journals Mass extinction in tetraodontiform fishes linked to the Palaeocene–Eocene thermal maximum

2017 ◽  
Vol 284 (1866) ◽  
pp. 20171771 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dahiana Arcila ◽  
James C. Tyler
Keyword(s):  
Mass Extinction ◽  
Reef Fishes ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Fossil Species ◽  
Thermal Maximum ◽  
Extant Species ◽  
Homogeneous Models ◽  
Speciation Rates ◽  
Mass Extinction Event ◽  
Lineage Diversification

Integrative evolutionary analyses based upon fossil and extant species provide a powerful approach for understanding past diversification events and for assessing the tempo of evolution across the Tree of Life. Herein, we demonstrate the importance of integrating fossil and extant species for inferring patterns of lineage diversification that would otherwise be masked in analyses that examine only one source of evidence. We infer the phylogeny and macroevolutionary history of the Tetraodontiformes (triggerfishes, pufferfishes and allies), a group with one of the most extensive fossil records among fishes. Our analyses combine molecular and morphological data, based on an expanded matrix that adds newly coded fossil species and character states. Beyond confidently resolving the relationships and divergence times of tetraodontiforms, our diversification analyses detect a major mass-extinction event during the Palaeocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM), followed by a marked increase in speciation rates. This pattern is consistently obtained when fossil and extant species are integrated, whereas examination of the fossil occurrences alone failed to detect major diversification changes during the PETM. When taking into account non-homogeneous models, our analyses also detect a rapid lineage diversification increase in one of the groups (tetraodontoids) during the middle Miocene, which is considered a key period in the evolution of reef fishes associated with trophic changes and ecological opportunity. In summary, our analyses show distinct diversification dynamics estimated from phylogenies and the fossil record, suggesting that different episodes shaped the evolution of tetraodontiforms during the Cenozoic.

scholarly journals Alpinites and other Posttornoceratidae (Goniatitida, Famennian)

Fossil Record ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-73
Author(s):  
R. T. Becker
Keyword(s):  
Type Species ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Wird Eine ◽  
Carnic Alps ◽  
Holy Cross Mountains ◽  
Nomen Dubium ◽  
Neue Art ◽  
The Family ◽  
First Time ◽  
Subjective Synonym

The rediscovery of the supposedly lost type allows a revision of <i>Alpinites</i> Bogoslovskiy, 1971, the most advanced genus of the Posttornoceratidae. The type-species, Alp. <i>kayseri</i> Schindewolf, 1923, is so far only known from the Carnic Alps. <i>Alp. schultzei</i> n. sp. from the eastern Anti-Atlas of Morocco is closely related to <i>Alp. kajraktensis</i> n. sp. (= <i>Alp. kayseri</i> in Bogoslovskiy 1971) from Kazakhstan. A second new and more common species of southern Morocco, <i>Alp. zigzag</i> n. sp., is also known from the Holy Cross Mountains (Poland). <br><br> The taxonomy and phylogeny of other Posttornoceratidae are discussed. The holotype of <i>Exotornoceras nehdense</i> (Lange, 1929) was recovered and is re-illustrated; it is conspecific with <i>Exot. superstes</i> (Wedekind, 1908). The genus and species is also here first recorded from Morocco. <i>Post. weyeri</i> Korn, 1999 is a subjective synonym of <i>Post. posthumum</i> (Wedekind, 1918) in which strongly biconvex growth lines, as typical for the family, are observed for the first time. <i>Goniatites lenticularis</i> Richter, 1848 is a nomen dubium within <i>Discoclymenia, Clymenia polytrichus</i> in Richter (1948) is a <i>Falcitornoceras</i>. It seems possible to distinguish an extreme thin and trochoid <i>Disco. haueri</i> (Münster, 1840) from the tegoid <i>Disco. cucullata</i> (v. Buch, 1839). <br><br> Various taxa are excluded from the Posttornoceratidae. <i>Posttornoceras sapiens</i> Korn, 1999 forms the type-species of <i>Maiderocera</i> n. gen., <i>Discoclymenia</i> n. sp. of Müller (1956) is assigned to <i>Maid. muelleri</i> n. sp. <i>Disco. cornwallensis</i> is the type-species of <i>Selwoodites</i> n.gen (Sporadoceratidae) which also occurs in the Rhenish Massive. <br><br> Durch Auffinden des verschollen geglaubten Typus-Exemplares wird eine Revision der Gattung <i>Alpinites</i> Bogoslovskiy, 1971, der höchst entwickelten Gattung der Posttornoceratidae, möglich. Die Typus-Art, <i>Alp. kayseri</i> Schindewolf, 1923, kommt gesichert bisher nur in den Karnischen Alpen vor. <i>Alp. schultzei</i> n. sp. aus dem östlichen Anti-Atlas (Marokko) ist nah mit <i>Alp. kajraktensis</i> n. sp. aus Kazakhstan (= <i>Alp. kayseri</i> in Bogoslovskiy 1971) verwandt. Eine zweite, aber häufigere neue Art Süd-Marokkos, <i>Alp. zigzag</i> n. sp., wird auch im Heiligkreuzgebirge (Polen) nachgewiesen. <br><br> Die Taxonomie und Phylogenie anderer Vertreter der Posttornoceratidae werden diskutiert. Der verschollen geglaubte Holotypus von <i>Exotornoceras nehdense</i> (Lange, 1929) wird neu abgebildet und ist conspezifisch mit <i>Exot. superstes</i> (Wedekind, 1908). Die Gattung und Art wird erstmals auch in Marokko nachgewiesen. <i>Post. weyeri</i> Korn, 1999 ist ein subjektives Synonym von <i>Post. posthumum</i> (Wedekind, 1918) bei dem erstmals die Familien-typischen, stark biconvexen Anwachsstreifen beobachtet wurden. <i>Goniatites lenticularis</i> Richter, 1848 ist ein nomen dubium innerhalb von <i>Discoclymenia, Clymenia polytrichus</i> in Richter (1848) ein <i>Falcitornoceras</i>. Es scheint möglich, eine extrem dünne, trochoide <i>Disco. haueri</i> (Münster, 1840) von der tegoiden <i>Disco. cucullata</i> (v. Buch, 1839) zu trennen. <br><br> Verschiedene Taxa werden aus den Posttornoceratidae ausgeschlossen. <i>Post. sapiens</i> Korn, 1999 wird als Typus-Art zu <i>Maideroceras</i> n. gen. gestellt. <i>Discoclymenia</i> n. sp. in Müller (1956) wird als <i>Maid. muelleri</i> n. sp. neu beschrieben. <i>Disco. cornwallensis</i> Selwood, 1960 bildet die Typusart von <i>Selwoodites</i> n. gen. (Sporadoceratidae), welches auch im Rheinischen Schiefergebirge vorkommt. <br><br> doi:<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mmng.20020050105" target="_blank">10.1002/mmng.20020050105</a>

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