Sequence data from isolated lichen-associated melanized fungi enhance delimitation of two new lineages within Chaetothyriomycetidae

AbstractLichen thalli provide a long-lived and stable habitat for colonization by a wide range of microorganisms. Increased interest in these lichen-associated microbial communities has revealed an impressive diversity of fungi, including several novel lineages which still await formal taxonomic recognition. Among these, members of the Eurotiomycetes and Dothideomycetes usually occur asymptomatically in the lichen thalli, even if they share ancestry with fungi that may be parasitic on their host. Mycelia of the isolates are characterized by melanized cell walls and the fungi display exclusively asexual propagation. Their taxonomic placement requires, therefore, the use of DNA sequence data. Here, we consider recently published sequence data from lichen-associated fungi and characterize and formally describe two new, individually monophyletic lineages at family, genus, and species levels. The Pleostigmataceae fam. nov. and Melanina gen. nov. both comprise rock-inhabiting fungi that associate with epilithic, crust-forming lichens in subalpine habitats. The phylogenetic placement and the monophyly of Pleostigmataceae lack statistical support, but the family was resolved as sister to the order Verrucariales. This family comprises the species Pleostigma alpinum sp. nov., P. frigidum sp. nov., P. jungermannicola, and P. lichenophilum sp. nov. The placement of the genus Melanina is supported as a lineage within the Chaetothyriales. To date, this genus comprises the single species M. gunde-cimermaniae sp. nov. and forms a sister group to a large lineage including Herpotrichiellaceae, Chaetothyriaceae, Cyphellophoraceae, and Trichomeriaceae. The new phylogenetic analysis of the subclass Chaetothyiomycetidae provides new insight into genus and family level delimitation and classification of this ecologically diverse group of fungi.

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The generic classification of the Trochilini (Aves: Trochilidae): Reconciling taxonomy with phylogeny

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.4353.3.1 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4353 (3) ◽

pp. 401 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

F. GARY STILES ◽

J. V. JR. REMSEN ◽

JIMMY A. MCGUIRE

Keyword(s):

New Genus ◽

Sequence Data ◽

Historical Review ◽

Genetic Data ◽

Zoological Nomenclature ◽

Tabular Form ◽

Dna Sequence Data ◽

The Family ◽

Traditional Classification

The generic nomenclature of the hummingbirds is unusually complicated. McGuire et al.’s (2014) recent phylogeny of the Trochilidae based on DNA sequence data has greatly clarified relationships within the family but conflicts strongly with the traditional classification of the family at the genus level, especially that of the largest and most recently derived clade, the Trochilini or “emeralds”. We recently presented a historical review of this classification and the generic modifications required by the Code of the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. Herein we present a revised generic classification of the Trochilini based upon McGuire et al.’s genetic data, while producing diagnosable generic groupings and preserving nomenclatural stability insofar as possible. However, this generic rearrangement has necessitated the resurrection of nine generic names currently considered synonyms, the synonymization of seven currently recognized genera and the creation of one new genus. The generic changes we recommend to the classification are drastic, and we summarize these in tabular form in comparison with the three most recent classifications of the Trochilini. Where appropriate, we outline alternatives to our proposed arrangement. The classification treats 110 species in 35 genera, including two species that remain unplaced for lack of genetic samples.

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Generic delimitations in the family Stictidaceae (Ostropales, Ascomycota): the Stictis–Conotrema problem

The Lichenologist ◽

10.1017/s0024282904014653 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 37 (1) ◽

pp. 67-75 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Mats WEDIN ◽

Heidi DÖRING ◽

Kristina KÖNBERG ◽

Gunnar GILENSTAM

Keyword(s):

Sequence Data ◽

Sister Group ◽

Lsu Rdna ◽

Infrageneric Classification ◽

Rdna Its ◽

The Family ◽

Rdna Sequence Data ◽

Natural Groups ◽

High Support

The family Stictidaceae (Ostropales, Ascomycota) contains both lichenized and non-lichenized fungi. Here, we test if Conotrema (lichenized) and Stictis (non-lichenized) as currently delimited are distinct monophyletic genera, by parsimony and parsimony jackknifing analyses of combined nuclear rDNA (ITS and partial LSU rDNA) and mitochondrial SSU rDNA sequence data matrices. The study includes four species of Stictis, three species of Conotrema, and representatives of the related Schizoxylon (lichenized), Odontotrema, Carestiella (at least sometimes associated with algae), Cryptodiscus and Thelotrema (lichenized). In all analyses, the Conotrema species were nested within Stictis with high support. Thus, we conclude that Conotrema are only lichenized representatives of Stictis. The type species of the two generic names, C. urceolatum and S. radiata, are sister taxa in our analyses. Furthermore, the analysis gave no support for the present infrageneric classification of Stictis. Carestiella socia (the type of Carestiella) and the two representatives of Schizoxylon studied were also nested within Stictis s. lat. The Odontotremataceae is the sister group to the Stictidaceae, and Cryptodiscus foveolaris groups with Thelotrema rather than with the Stictidaceae. We conclude that lichenization in the Stictidaceae does not characterize natural groups, and that Conotrema should be considered a synonym to Stictis, as predicted by anatomical characteristics. The new combinations Stictis urceolatum and Stictis populorum are made.

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Systematics and biogeography of the family Scorpionidae (Chelicerata : Scorpiones), with a discussion on phylogenetic methods

Invertebrate Systematics ◽

10.1071/is02016 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 185 ◽

Cited By ~ 58

Author(s):

Lorenzo Prendini ◽

Timothy M. Crowe ◽

Ward C. Wheeler

Keyword(s):

Mitochondrial Genome ◽

Sequence Data ◽

Conservation Status ◽

Phylogenetic Reconstruction ◽

Cladistic Analysis ◽

Nuclear Genome ◽

Sister Group ◽

Dna Sequence Data ◽

Phylogenetic Methods ◽

The Family

A cladistic analysis of relationships among the genera of Scorpionidae Latreille, 1802—Heterometrus Ehrenberg, 1828; Opistophthalmus C. L. Koch, 1837; Pandinus Thorell, 1876; and Scorpio Linnaeus, 1758—based on morphology and DNA sequence data from loci of three genes in the mitochondrial genome (12S ribosomal DNA (rDNA), 16S rDNA and cytochrome oxidase I) and one gene in the nuclear genome (28S rDNA) is presented. The analysis makes use of exemplar species, specifically selected to test the monophyly of the genera, rather than supraspecific terminal taxa. Other methods used in the analysis are justified in the context of a discussion of current methods for phylogenetic reconstruction. Relationships among the scorpionid genera are demonstrated to be as follows: (Opistophthalmus (Scorpio (Heterometrus + Pandinus))). This reconstruction identifies Opistophthalmus as the basal lineage of the Scorpionidae, rather than the sister-group of Scorpio. Revised descriptions, diagnoses and a key to identification of the four scorpionid genera are provided, together with a summary of what is known about their ecology, distribution and conservation status.

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The malkarid spiders of New Zealand (Araneae : Malkaridae)

Invertebrate Systematics ◽

10.1071/is19073 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Gustavo Hormiga ◽

Nikolaj Scharff

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

New Zealand ◽

New Caledonia ◽

Single Species ◽

Sister Group ◽

New Genera ◽

Southern South America ◽

The Family ◽

Wet Forests

This paper addresses the systematics of the New Zealand spiders of the family Malkaridae. Malkarids are small araneoid spiders that live primarily in the leaf litter and mosses of temperate and tropical wet forests in Australia and New Zealand, with the exception of a single species in southern South America and another in New Caledonia. We treat the New Zealand species of Malkaridae that are not members of the subfamily Pararchaeinae, a monophyletic group of 11 new species that we classify in 2 new genera (Tingotingo, gen. nov. and Whakamoke, gen. nov.) and a new subfamily (Tingotinginae, subfam. nov.). We describe, diagnose, illustrate and map the distribution of specimen records of these 11 new species of New Zealand Malkaridae: Tingotingo porotiti, sp. nov., T. pouaru, sp. nov., T. tokorera, sp. nov., T. aho, sp. nov., Whakamoke orongorongo, sp. nov.; W. tarakina, sp. nov.; W. guacamole, sp. nov.; W. hunahuna, sp. nov.; W. paoka, sp. nov.; W. heru, sp. nov.; and W. rakiura, sp. nov. We also treat the phylogenetic relationships of Malkaridae and use the results of our previous work on the molecular phylogeny of Araneoidea as the bases for the classification of the family. Tingotingo, gen. nov. and Whakamoke, gen. nov. are sister clades. Tingotinginae, subfam. nov. is the sister group of the Malkarinae plus Pararchaeinae clade. We further hypothesise and discuss the morphological synapomorphies of Malkaridae, Tingotinginae, subfam. nov. and the two new genera.

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Molecular phylogeny of the pond treaders (Insecta: Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Mesoveliidae), discussion of the fossil record and a checklist of species assigned to the family

Insect Systematics & Evolution ◽

10.1163/1876312x04302004 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 43 (3-4) ◽

pp. 175-212 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Jakob Damgaard ◽

Felipe Ferraz Figueiredo Moreira ◽

Masakazu Hayashi ◽

Tom A. Weir ◽

Herbert Zettel

Keyword(s):

Dna Sequence ◽

New Caledonia ◽

Sequence Data ◽

Genetic Difference ◽

Sister Group ◽

28S Rrna ◽

Dna Sequence Data ◽

Species Complexes ◽

The Family ◽

Genes Encoding

The phylogenetic relationships among selected species and genera of Mesoveliidae (Insecta: Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Gerromorpha) were investigated in a parsimony analysis of 2858 bp of DNA sequence data from the genes encoding COI + II, 16S rRNA and 28S rRNA. The resulting phylogeny showed that Mesoveloidea williamsiHungerford, 1929, from the subfamily Madeoveliinae, was sister group to Mniovelia Andersen & J.T. Polhemus, 1980, from the Mesoveliinae, thus making the latter subfamily paraphyletic. The genus MesoveliaMulsant & Rey, 1852 also showed to be paraphyletic, since an undescribed Laotian relative of M. indicaHorváth, 1915 and M. ujhelyiiLundblad, 1933 resulted as sister group to PhrynoveliaHorváth, 1915; and M. amoenaUhler, 1894 was sister species to Speovelia maritimaEsaki, 1929. Whereas these relationships were poorly or moderately supported, the remaining species of Mesovelia formed two distinct and well-supported clades, one comprising M. horvathiLundblad, 1933, M. hackeriHarris & Drake, 1941, and two undescribed species from Nigeria and New Caledonia, and another comprising M. vittigeraHorváth, 1895, M. stysi J.T. Polhemus & D.A. Polhemus, 2000, M. ebbenielseniAndersen & Weir, 2004, M. furcata Mulsant & Rey, 1952, and M. mulsantiWhite, 1879. A large genetic difference was found between populations of M. vittigera from Europe and Africa on one side and populations from Australia and New Caledonia on the other. DNA sequence data from a Japanese “M. vittigera” obtained from GenBank placed the specimen as strongly supported sister group to a Danish specimen of M. furcata. Comparisons of the 28S rRNA sequence data between the two specimens revealed a single C/T transition, while comparison with a Chinese female of M. furcata revealed one A/G and one C/T transition, thus suggesting mislabelling of the Japanese specimen, or an unrecognized presence of M. furcata in Japan. Considerable genetic differentiation was found between specimens of M. horvathi from Australia, New Caledonia, New Guinea, and Laos, and between sympatric specimens of M. mulsanti from Honduras, thus supporting earlier ideas of species-complexes in these two clades. Samples of Austrovelia caledonicaMalipatil & Monteith, 1983 from New Caledonia and Mniovelia kuscheli Andersen & J.T. Polhemus, 1980 from New Zealand’s North Island also revealed considerable intraspecific divergences indicating genetic isolation among geographically separated populations on these ancient islands.

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Mapping the missing branch on the neogastropod tree of life: molecular phylogeny of marginelliform gastropods

Journal of Molluscan Studies ◽

10.1093/mollus/eyz028 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Alexander E Fedosov ◽

Manuel Caballer Gutierrez ◽

Barbara Buge ◽

Pavel V Sorokin ◽

Nicolas Puillandre ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sequence Data ◽

Tree Of Life ◽

Shell Morphology ◽

Good Resolution ◽

Systematic Revision ◽

Dna Sequence Data ◽

Wide Range ◽

The Family ◽

Living Species ◽

Major Branch

ABSTRACT Marginelliform gastropods are a heterogeneous and diverse group of molluscs encompassing over 1,600 living species, among which are the smallest known neogastropods. The relationships of marginelliform gastropods within the order Neogastropoda are controversial, and the monophyly of the two marginelliform families the Marginellidae J. Fleming, 1828 and the Cystiscidae Stimpson, 1865, remains unconfirmed. DNA sequence data have never been used to assess the relationships of the marginelliform gastropods, making this group the only major branch missing in our current understanding of the neogastropod tree of life. Here we report results of the first multilocus phylogenetic analysis of marginelliform gastropods, which is based on a dataset comprising 63 species (20 genera) of Marginellidae and Cystiscidae, and a wide range of neogastropod lineages. The Marginellidae and Cystiscidae form a moderately supported clade that is sister to the family Volutidae. Marginellona gigas appears to be sister to all other marginelliforms. The subfamily Marginellinae was recovered as a well-supported clade, and good resolution of this part of the tree makes it possible to propose amendments to the family-level classification of the group. The relationship between Granulina and other marginelliforms could not be resolved and requires further study. Due to poor resolution of basal relationships within the Marginellidae–Cystiscidae clade, the monophyly of the Cystiscidae was neither confirmed nor convincingly rejected. The shell morphology of most marginellid and cystiscid genera is taxonomically not very informative but, nevertheless, of the traditionally recognized genera only Gibberula and Dentimargo were shown to be polyphyletic. Although a comprehensive systematic revision of the group requires more extensive taxonomic sampling (e.g. with better representation of the type species of nominal genus-group names), our results support the superfamily Volutoidea, comprising four families (Volutidae, Cystiscidae, Marginellidae and Marginellonidae), with the placement of the Granulinidae uncertain for the time being.

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The systematic position of Diopsina Curran, 1928 (Diptera: Diopsidae) inferred from DNA sequence data

Insect Systematics & Evolution ◽

10.1163/187631210x507027 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 41 (3) ◽

pp. 295-302 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Martin Carr ◽

Michael Balke ◽

Marion Kotrba

Keyword(s):

Sequence Data ◽

Sister Group ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Systematic Position ◽

Phylogenetic Position ◽

Sister Group Relationship ◽

Crucial Importance ◽

Monophyletic Clade ◽

Dna Sequence Data ◽

The Family

AbstractThe placement of Diopsina in a monophyletic clade with Diopsis and Eurydiopsis is confirmed and a sister group relationship between Diopsina and Diopsis recovered with moderate support. The clarification of the phylogenetic position of Diopsina nested deeply within Diopsini is of crucial importance for the understanding of the relationships and the evolution of various morphological characters within the family.

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Characterization and Pathogenicity of Botryosphaeriaceae Species Collected from Olive and Other Hosts in Spain and California

Phytopathology ◽

10.1094/phyto-12-09-0343 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 100 (12) ◽

pp. 1340-1351 ◽

Cited By ~ 54

Author(s):

Juan Moral ◽

Concepción Muñoz-Díez ◽

Nazaret González ◽

Antonio Trapero ◽

Themis J. Michailides

Keyword(s):

Sequence Data ◽

Close Association ◽

Elongation Factor ◽

Fruit Rot ◽

Disease Symptoms ◽

Dna Sequence Data ◽

Olive Fly ◽

The Family ◽

Pathogenicity Tests ◽

Olive Trees

Species in the family Botryosphaeriaceae are common pathogens causing fruit rot and dieback of many woody plants. In this study, 150 Botryosphaeriaceae isolates were collected from olive and other hosts in Spain and California. Representative isolates of each type were characterized based on morphological features and comparisons of DNA sequence data of three regions: internal transcribed spacer 5.8S, β-tubulin, and elongation factor. Three main species were identified as Neofusicoccum mediterraneum, causing dieback of branches of olive and pistachio; Diplodia seriata, causing decay of ripe fruit and dieback of olive branches; and Botryosphaeria dothidea, causing dalmatian disease on unripe olive fruit in Spain. Moreover, the sexual stage of this last species was also found attacking olive branches in California. In pathogenicity tests using unripe fruit and branches of olive, D. seriata isolates were the least aggressive on the fruit and branches while N. mediterraneum isolates were the most aggressive on both tissues. Isolates of B. dothidea which cause dalmatian disease on fruit were not pathogenic on branches and only weakly aggressive on fruit. These results, together with the close association between the presence of dalmatian disease symptoms and the wound created by the olive fly (Bactrocera oleae), suggest that the fly is essential for the initiation of the disease on fruit. Isolates recovered from dalmatian disease symptoms had an optimum of 26°C for mycelial growth and 30°C for conidial germination, suggesting that the pathogen is well adapted to high summer temperatures. In contrast, the range of water activity in the medium for growth of dalmatian isolates was 0.93 to 1 MPa, which was similar to that for the majority of fungi. This study resolved long-standing questions of identity and pathogenicity of species within the family Botryosphaeriaceae attacking olive trees in Spain and California.

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Mimaporia, a new genus of Epicopeiidae (Lepidoptera), with description of a new species from Vietnam

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.4254.5.3 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4254 (5) ◽

pp. 537 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

CHIA-HSUAN WEI ◽

SHEN-HORN YEN

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

New Genus ◽

Sequence Data ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Taxonomic Status ◽

Sister Group ◽

Morphological Evidence ◽

New Taxon ◽

The Family ◽

A New Species

The Epicopeiidae is a small geometroid family distributed in the East Palaearctic and Oriental regions. It exhibits high morphological diversity in body size and wing shape, while their wing patterns involve in various complex mimicry rings. In the present study, we attempted to describe a new genus, and a new species from Vietnam, with comments on two assumed congeneric novel species from China and India. To address its phylogenetic affinity, we reconstructed the phylogeny of the family by using sequence data of COI, EF-1α, and 28S gene regions obtained from seven genera of Epicopeiidae with Pseudobiston pinratanai as the outgroup. We also compared the morphology of the new taxon to other epicopeiid genera to affirm its taxonomic status. The results suggest that the undescribed taxon deserve a new genus, namely Mimaporia gen. n. The species from Vietnam, Mimaporia hmong sp. n., is described as new to science. Under different tree building strategies, the new genus is the sister group of either Chatamla Moore, 1881 or Parabraxas Leech, 1897. The morphological evidence, which was not included in phylogenetic analyses, however, suggests its potential affinity with Burmeia Minet, 2003. This study also provides the first, although preliminary, molecular phylogeny of the family on which the revised systematics and interpretation of character evolution can be based.

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