Development of flood-induced lenticels in red alder nodules prior to the restoration of nitrogenase activity

1999 ◽  
Vol 77 (9) ◽  
pp. 1373-1377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet McCray Batzli ◽  
Jeffrey O Dawson
Keyword(s):  
Intercellular Space ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Woody Plant ◽  
Nitrogenase Activity ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Alnus Rubra ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Microscope Examination ◽  
Red Alder ◽  
Biological Nitrogen

Red alder (Alnus rubra Bong.) is a nitrogen-fixing woody plant that is common on wetland sites and tolerates flooding through a variety of induced morphological and physiological changes. Among these changes are the formation of hypertrophied nodule lenticels and the subsequent full restoration of nitrogenase activity after 50 days of flooding. The objective of this study was to examine fine structural changes within red alder nodules during lenticel development that correspond to changes in nitrogenase activity during a 50-day experimental flood. Nodulated seedlings of red alder were grown under greenhouse conditions and then exposed to root flooding for 1, 20, 35, or 50 days. At each harvest, estimates of nitrogenase activity were made via acetylene reduction, and nodule samples were taken for light-microscope examination. Only after 50 days of flooding did red alder show restoration of nitrogenase to pretreatment levels. At this time, Frankia vesicles were found to be directly adjacent to developing lenticel tissue and large intercellular spaces. Intercellular space within the nodule increased from 0.6% in nonflooded tissue to 5.7% after 50 days of flooding. Our results demonstrate the sensitivity of the nitrogenase enzyme to low oxygen soil conditions and indicate that substantial morphological change within the nodule must occur before red alder can regain the capacity to fix nitrogen under flooded conditions.Key words: Alnus rubra, Frankia, waterlogged, biological nitrogen fixation, hypertrophied lenticels, intercellular space.

Phytomass production in young mixed plantations of Alnus rubra (Bong.) and cottonwood in western Washington

1983 ◽  
Vol 29 (8) ◽  
pp. 1007-1013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Heilman ◽  
R. F. Stettler
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogenase Activity ◽  
Populus Trichocarpa ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Alnus Rubra ◽  
Mixed Stands ◽  
Red Alder ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
Mixed Plantations ◽  
Rotation Culture ◽  
Western Washington

Use of red alder in mixture with 28 clones of cottonwood in close spaced, short-rotation culture for fiber and energy was investigated. Early growth was rapid with red alder averaging 7.2 m and cottonwood mixed with alder averaging 8.2 m in height after 3 years. Alder significantly increased nitrogen content of cottonwood foliage in the 1st and 2nd years but not in the 3rd. Mean height of cottonwood at 3 years was increased in mixture with red alder. However, heights of the shortest cottonwood clones were reduced. Dry weight production on mixed plots (both species combined) was generally less than for pure cottonwood. Only with the slowest growing cottonwood clones did mixed stands show increased dry weight production. The best cottonwood clone, a hybrid (Populus trichocarpa × P. deltoides), produced 20.3 t∙ha−1∙year−1 dry weight for 3 years in pure stands compared with 2.8 t∙ha−1∙year−1 for the poorest. Production by alder was inversely related to cottonwood production in mixed plantings. Nodulation and C2H3 reduction was evaluated during the third growing season. Results indicated severe decline in nitrogenase activity where overtopping and shading of red alder by adjacent cottonwood occurred. At this site, the success of this mixture appears to depend upon use of cottonwood clones that do not outgrow the alder. Since the highest yielding cottonwood clones are much more productive at this site than the alder that we used, there would seem to be little incentive for mixed plantings of these species under the conditions of this experiment.

Adaptive variation in growth, phenology, cold tolerance and nitrogen fixation of red alder (Alnus rubra Bong.)

2013 ◽  
Vol 291 ◽  
pp. 357-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.B. Porter ◽  
T. Lacourse ◽  
B.J. Hawkins ◽  
A. Yanchuk
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Cold Tolerance ◽  
Alnus Rubra ◽  
Adaptive Variation ◽  
Red Alder

New marine nitrogen-fixing bacteria isolated from an eelgrass (Zostera marina) bed

1988 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 886-890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wung Yang Shieh ◽  
Usio Simidu ◽  
Yoshiharu Maruyama
Keyword(s):  
Zostera Marina ◽  
Nitrogenase Activity ◽  
Molecular Nitrogen ◽  
Exponential Growth Phase ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria ◽  
Nitrogen Fixation Activity ◽  
The Family ◽  
Ph Decrease

Four strains of marine nitrogen-fixing bacteria were isolated from the roots of eelgrass (Zostera marina) and from sediments in an eelgrass bed in Aburatsubo Inlet, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan. Significant levels of nitrogenase activity were detected in all four strains after a few hours of incubation under anaerobic conditions. Nitrogenase activity in all cases was Na+ dependent. These strains grew anaerobically or under conditions of low oxygen, using molecular nitrogen as the sole nitrogen source. Bacterial growth in liquid nitrogen-free medium was accompanied by a marked pH decrease during the exponential growth phase. Neither yeast extract nor vitamins were required for the nitrogen fixation activity of these strains. Taxonomically, all strains were facultatively anaerobic, Gram-negative rods. They were motile in liquid medium by means of a single polar flagellum and required NaCl for their growth. These characteristics, as well as the guanine + cytosine content of their DNA (43.5 – 44.8 mol%), placed them in the family Vibrionaceae. These strains, however, could not be identified to the genus level because they were distinct from the two halophilic genera Vibrio and Photobacterium of the family Vibrionaceae by a variety of characteristics.

scholarly journals Potential of Phototrophic Purple Nonsulfur Bacteria to Fix Nitrogen in Rice Fields

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Isamu Maeda
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Nitrogenase Activity ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Rice Fields ◽  
Purple Nonsulfur Bacteria ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogenase Activities ◽  
Plant Available Nitrogen ◽  
Biological Nitrogen

Biological nitrogen fixation catalyzed by Mo-nitrogenase of symbiotic diazotrophs has attracted interest because its potential to supply plant-available nitrogen offers an alternative way of using chemical fertilizers for sustainable agriculture. Phototrophic purple nonsulfur bacteria (PNSB) diazotrophically grow under light anaerobic conditions and can be isolated from photic and microaerobic zones of rice fields. Therefore, PNSB as asymbiotic diazotrophs contribute to nitrogen fixation in rice fields. An attempt to measure nitrogen in the oxidized surface layer of paddy soil estimates that approximately 6–8 kg N/ha/year might be accumulated by phototrophic microorganisms. Species of PNSB possess one of or both alternative nitrogenases, V-nitrogenase and Fe-nitrogenase, which are found in asymbiotic diazotrophs, in addition to Mo-nitrogenase. The regulatory networks control nitrogenase activity in response to ammonium, molecular oxygen, and light irradiation. Laboratory and field studies have revealed effectiveness of PNSB inoculation to rice cultures on increases of nitrogen gain, plant growth, and/or grain yield. In this review, properties of the nitrogenase isozymes and regulation of nitrogenase activities in PNSB are described, and research challenges and potential of PNSB inoculation to rice cultures are discussed from a viewpoint of their applications as nitrogen biofertilizer.

Influence of actinomycetes on Frankia infection, nitrogenase activity and seedling growth of red alder

1992 ◽  
Vol 24 (10) ◽  
pp. 1043-1049 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nestor S. Rojas ◽  
David A. Perry ◽  
C.Y. Li ◽  
Jacob Friedman
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Nitrogenase Activity ◽  
Red Alder

Efficient purification of the diarylheptanoid oregonin from red alder ( Alnus rubra ) leaves and bark combining aqueous extraction, spray drying and flash‐chromatography

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen S. Lea ◽  
Chakravarthi Simhadri ◽  
Stephen G. Bradbury ◽  
Jeremy E. Wulff ◽  
C. Peter Constabel
Keyword(s):  
Spray Drying ◽  
Aqueous Extraction ◽  
Flash Chromatography ◽  
Alnus Rubra ◽  
Red Alder

Can phosphorus additions increase long-term growth and survival of red alder (Alnus rubra Bong.) on periodically dry sites?

2018 ◽  
Vol 430 ◽  
pp. 545-557
Author(s):  
Kevin R. Brown ◽  
Paul J. Courtin
Keyword(s):  
Alnus Rubra ◽  
Red Alder ◽  
Growth And Survival

Development of flood-induced lenticels in red alder nodules prior to the restoration of nitrogenase activity

1999 ◽  
Vol 77 (9) ◽  
pp. 1373-1377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet McCray Batzli ◽  
Jeffrey O. Dawson
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogenase Activity ◽  
Red Alder
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