Profiles ofMycobacteriumcommunities under polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon contamination stress in the Shenfu Irrigation Area, northeast China

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (10) ◽  
pp. 694-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinyu Li ◽  
Xu Li ◽  
Jian Wang ◽  
Xiujuan Wang ◽  
Jian Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rice Field ◽  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Community Diversity ◽  
Hydrocarbon Contamination ◽  
Contaminated Sites ◽  
Field Soils ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Contamination ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Gradient Gel Electrophoresis

Indigenous Mycobacterium communities play an important role in the degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), but little is known about Mycobacterium distribution in situ at PAH-contaminated sites. In this study, the diversity and distribution of Mycobacterium communities were investigated in sediments and soils at sites upstream, midstream, and downstream of an oil-sewage irrigation channel, using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). The results show that heavy PAH contamination in upstream sites negatively affected Mycobacterium community diversity compared with midstream and downstream sites in all 3 sample types (sediments, corn field soils, and rice field soils). There was a correlation between the distribution of Mycobacterium communities and PAH contamination, as indicated by canonical correspondence analysis. Mycobacterium diversity and distribution was found to vary between the 3 sample types.

scholarly journals Effect of Pyocyanin on a Crude-Oil-Degrading Microbial Community

2004 ◽  
Vol 70 (7) ◽  
pp. 4004-4011 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Sean Norman ◽  
Peter Moeller ◽  
Thomas J. McDonald ◽  
Pamela J. Morris
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Pure Culture ◽  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Community Diversity ◽  
Interspecies Interactions ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
High Level

ABSTRACT Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an n-alkane degrader that is frequently isolated from petroleum-contaminated sites and produces factors that enhance its competitiveness and survival in many environments. In this study, one such factor, pyocyanin, has been detected in an oil-degrading culture containing P. aeruginosa and is a redox-active compound capable of inhibiting microbial growth. To examine the effects of pyocyanin further, an oil-degrading culture was grown with and without 9.5 μM pyocyanin and microbial community structure and oil degradation were monitored for 50 days. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis of cultures revealed a decrease in the microbial community diversity in the pyocyanin-amended cultures compared to that of the unamended cultures. Two members of the microbial community in pure culture exhibited intermediate and high sensitivities to pyocyanin corresponding to intermediate and low levels of activity for the antioxidant enzymes catalase and superoxide dismutase, respectively. Another member of the community that remained constant in the DGGE gels over the 50-day culture incubation period exhibited no sensitivity to pyocyanin, corresponding to a high level of catalase and superoxide dismutase when examined in pure culture. Pyocyanin also affected the overall degradation of the crude oil. At 50 days, the culture without pyocyanin had decreased polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons compared to the pyocyanin-amended culture, with a specific reduction in the degradation of dibenzothiophenes, naphthalenes, and C29 and C30 hopanes. This study demonstrated that pyocyanin influenced the diversity of the microbial community and suggests the importance of understanding how interspecies interactions influence the degradation capability of a microbial community.

scholarly journals Assessment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Contamination of Breeding Pools Utilized by the Puerto Rican Crested Toad, Peltophryne lemur

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Jenessa Gjeltema ◽  
Michael Stoskopf ◽  
Damian Shea ◽  
Ryan De Voe
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbon ◽  
Puerto Rican ◽  
Wild Population ◽  
Breeding Site ◽  
Hydrocarbon Contamination ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Contamination ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Calculated Risk

Habitat preservation and management may play an important role in the conservation of the Puerto Rican crested toad, Peltophryne lemur, due to this species’ small geographic range and declining native wild population. Bioavailable water concentrations of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) contaminants within breeding pools at 3 sites were established using Passive Sampling Devices (PSDs) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). A more diverse population of PAH analytes were found in higher concentrations at the breeding site that allowed direct vehicular access, but calculated risk quotients indicated low risk to toad reproduction associated with the current PAH analyte levels.

scholarly journals Biodiversity of Thermophilic Prokaryotes with Hydrolytic Activities in Hot Springs of Uzon Caldera, Kamchatka (Russia)

2008 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 286-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilya V. Kublanov ◽  
Anna A. Perevalova ◽  
Galina B. Slobodkina ◽  
Aleksander V. Lebedinsky ◽  
Salima K. Bidzhieva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hot Springs ◽  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Specific Primers ◽  
Uzon Caldera ◽  
Dgge Analysis ◽  
Hydrolytic Activities ◽  
Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Polymeric Substrates

ABSTRACT Samples of water from the hot springs of Uzon Caldera with temperatures from 68 to 87�C and pHs of 4.1 to 7.0, supplemented with proteinaceous (albumin, casein, or α- or β-keratin) or carbohydrate (cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, chitin, or agarose) biological polymers, were filled with thermal water and incubated at the same sites, with the contents of the tubes freely accessible to the hydrothermal fluid. As a result, several enrichment cultures growing in situ on different polymeric substrates were obtained. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis of 16S rRNA gene fragments obtained after PCR with Bacteria-specific primers showed that the bacterial communities developing on carbohydrates included the genera Caldicellulosiruptor and Dictyoglomus and that those developing on proteins contained members of the Thermotogales order. DGGE analysis performed after PCR with Archaea- and Crenarchaeota-specific primers showed that archaea related to uncultured environmental clones, particularly those of the Crenarchaeota phylum, were present in both carbohydrate- and protein-degrading communities. Five isolates obtained from in situ enrichments or corresponding natural samples of water and sediments represented the bacterial genera Dictyoglomus and Caldanaerobacter as well as new archaea of the Crenarchaeota phylum. Thus, in situ enrichment and consequent isolation showed the diversity of thermophilic prokaryotes competing for biopolymers in microbial communities of terrestrial hot springs.

Degradation of Nonylphenol Polyethoxylates and its Microflora Structure in an Anoxic-Oxic Activated Sludge Process

2012 ◽  
Vol 610-613 ◽  
pp. 331-336
Author(s):  
Yuan Hua Xie ◽  
Tong Zhu ◽  
Xiao Jiang Liu ◽  
Hui Liu ◽  
Jin Han
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Activated Sludge Process ◽  
Gradient Gel Electrophoresis

An anoxic-oxic activated sludge process (AOASP) was carried out to degrade nonylphenol polyethoxylates (NPEOs). The carbon source in influent was replaced stepwise by a mixture of nonylphenol decaethoxylate (M-NP10EO). The 2nd-derivative UV-spectrometry was applied to determine the total amount of M-NP10EO in water samples. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency achieves about 85% under the highest M-NP10EO loading rate, and M-NP10EO removal efficiency is about 80%. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) results of activated sludges show that the microbe species decrease but gradually stabilize with the increase of M-NP10EO concentration in influent. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) results of activated sludges showe that the dominant microflora under the highest M-NP10EO loading rate is β-Proteobacteria (35%), followed by α-Proteobacteria (15%), γ-Proteobacteria (5%) and Actinobateria (4%).

scholarly journals Characterization of a Culturable Alphaproteobacterial Symbiont Common to Many Marine Sponges and Evidence for Vertical Transmission via Sponge Larvae

2006 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 3724-3732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie J. Enticknap ◽  
Michelle Kelly ◽  
Olivier Peraud ◽  
Russell T. Hill
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Marine Sponges ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Surrounding Water ◽  
Axinella Corrugata ◽  
Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Related Group

ABSTRACT A closely related group of alphaproteobacteria were found to be present in seven genera of marine sponges from several locations and were shown to be transferred between sponge generations through the larvae in one of these sponges. Isolates of the alphaproteobacterium were cultured from the sponges Axinella corrugata, Mycale laxissima, Monanchora unguifera, and Niphates digitalis from Key Largo, Florida; Didiscus oxeata and Monanchora unguifera from Discovery Bay, Jamaica; an Acanthostronglyophora sp. from Manado, Indonesia; and Microciona prolifera from the Cheasapeake Bay in Maryland. Isolates were very similar to each other on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence (>99% identity) and are closely related to Pseudovibrio denitrificans. The bacterium was never isolated from surrounding water samples and was cultured from larvae of M. laxissima, indicating that it is a vertically transmitted symbiont in this sponge. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, 16S rRNA gene clone library analysis, and fluorescent in situ hybridization with probes specific to the alphaproteobacterium confirmed the presence of this bacterium in the M. laxissima larvae. The alphaproteobacterium was densely associated with the larvae rather than being evenly distributed throughout the mesohyl. This is the first report of the successful culture of a bacterial symbiont of a sponge that is transferred through the gametes.

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