THE VISCOSITY OF VINYL ACETATE

1937 ◽  
Vol 15b (1) ◽  
pp. 7-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. O. White ◽  
A. C. Cuthbertson
Keyword(s):  
Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Latent Heat ◽  
Characteristic Frequency ◽  
Empirical Equation ◽  
Theoretical Equation ◽  
Heat Of Evaporation

The viscosity of monomeric vinyl acetate has been measured over a range of temperatures from 0° to 60 °C. Two equations were obtained which represent the results. The empirical equation is [Formula: see text], and a theoretical equation is given as [Formula: see text]. The characteristic frequency has been obtained from the relation [Formula: see text], where μ is the ratio between the latent heat of evaporation and the heat of cohesion, v was found to be 2.17 × 1012.

scholarly journals The viscosity of strong electrolytes measured by a differential method

1934 ◽  
Vol 145 (855) ◽  
pp. 475-488 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Constant ◽  
Empirical Equation ◽  
Relative Viscosity ◽  
Absolute Temperature ◽  
Differential Method ◽  
Theoretical Equation ◽  
Electronic Charge ◽  
Accurate Data ◽  
Avogadro’S Number ◽  
Strong Electrolytes

Until quite recently no satisfactory equation had been obtained for the representation of the viscosity of dilute solutions of strong electrolytes. An empirical equation was recently proposed by Jones and Dole to fit the only accurate data then available. Their equation may be represented thus : η = 1 + A √ c + B c , η = relative viscosity of the solution c = concentration in moles per litre A and B are constants. Jones and Dole realized that the coefficient A is due to interionic forces and in a series of later publications Falkenhagen, Dole and Vernon have deduced a theoretical equation giving values of A in terms of well-known physical constants. Their complete equation may be written η = 1 + ε √N v 1 z 1 /30η 0 √1000D k T ( z 1 + z 2 ) 4 π × [¼ μ 1 z 2 + μ 2 z 1 / μ 1 μ 2 - z 1 z 2 (μ 1 - μ 2 ) 2 /μ 1 μ 2 (√μ 1 z 1 + μ 2 z 2 + √(μ 1 + μ 2 ) ( z 1 + z 2 ) ) 2 ]√ c , where N = Avogadro's number v 1 , v 2 = numbers of ions z 1 , z 2 = valencies of ions μ 1 , μ 2 = absolute mobilities of ions D = dielectric constant of solvent k = Boltzmann's constant ε = electronic charge η 0 = viscosity of solvent T = absolute temperature.

scholarly journals II. The latent heat of evaporation of water

1895 ◽  
Vol 57 (340-346) ◽  
pp. 212-223
Keyword(s):  
Latent Heat ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Heat Of Evaporation

Although the enquiry described in the paper, of which this communication is an abstract, has engaged my attention for the last two years, the actual experiments on which the conclusions are based were not performed until the months of September and October, 1894. Many difficulties in the construction of the apparatus had to be overcome, also the necessary standardisation of the instruments occupied my leisure time for some months. The apparatus was designed so as to enable me to perform experiments at temperatures from 10° to 60° C., and I hoped to carry out my investigations over that range.

scholarly journals Cool Steam Method for Desalinating Seawater

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2385
Author(s):  
Pedro Arnau ◽  
Naeria Navarro ◽  
Javier Soraluce ◽  
Jose Martínez-Iglesias ◽  
Jorge Illas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Gradient ◽  
Heat Source ◽  
Latent Heat ◽  
Heat Sink ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Heat Sources ◽  
Working Pressure ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Heat Of Evaporation ◽  
Low Grade Heat

Cool steam is an innovative distillation technology based on low-temperature thermal distillation (LTTD), which allows obtaining fresh water from non-safe water sources with substantially low energy consumption. LTTD consists of distilling at low temperatures by lowering the working pressure and making the most of low-grade heat sources (either natural or artificial) to evaporate water and then condensate it at a cooler heat sink. To perform the process, an external heat source is needed that provides the latent heat of evaporation and a temperature gradient to maintain the distillation cycle. Depending on the available temperature gradient, several stages can be implemented, leading to a multi-stage device. The cool steam device can thus be single or multi-stage, being raw water fed to every stage from the top and evaporated in contact with the warmer surface within the said stage. Acting as a heat carrier, the water vapor travels to the cooler surface and condensates in contact with it. The latent heat of condensation is then conducted through the conductive wall to the next stage. Net heat flux is then established from the heat source until the heat sink, allowing distilling water inside every parallel stage.

THE VAPOR PRESSURE OF VINYL ACETATE

1933 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 419-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Marsden ◽  
A. C. Cuthbertson
Keyword(s):  
Critical Temperature ◽  
Vapor Pressure ◽  
Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Boiling Point ◽  
Normal Boiling Point ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Heat Of Evaporation

This paper presents the results of the measurement of the vapor pressure of vinyl acetate, over the temperature range from 0 °C. to the normal boiling point. The determinations were carried out on vacuum distilled samples with an isoteniscope, differing slightly in detail from that used by Smith and Menzies(7).The normal boiling point is 72.5 °C. The molecular heat of evaporation has been found to be 8211 calories. The equation which represents the results is[Formula: see text]Trouton's constant and the critical temperature have been found to be 23.8 and 228.3 °C.

Latent heat of evaporation of a microwave irradiated polar liquid

1986 ◽  
Vol 98 ◽  
pp. 57-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georges Roussy ◽  
Jean-Marie Thiebaut ◽  
Philippe Colin
Keyword(s):  
Latent Heat ◽  
Polar Liquid ◽  
Heat Of Evaporation

Analysis of Tire Performance on Sand

1995 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Ataka ◽  
F. Yamashita
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Equation ◽  
Theoretical Equation ◽  
Shearing Stress ◽  
Propulsive Force ◽  
Breaking Force ◽  
Measuring Techniques ◽  
The World ◽  
Precise Prediction ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Recently, vehicles on sand have been operated at higher speeds with diversified usage, and requests for the development of radial tires, applicable to both pavements and sandy areas have emerged. Although a large number of studies and analyses of tire performance on paved surfaces have been reported, few reports are available for tire performance on sandy surfaces. This study deals with the behavior of radial tires on the sand. A simple theoretical equation was derived in which the sand traction performance could be expressed as the difference between the propulsive force and the driving resistance on sand. The theoretical equation was found to be highly related to the empirical equation derived from previous work. Sand samples from typical deserts were used for analyses of shearing stress and compressive breaking force of sand through unique measuring techniques, resulting in modification of the theoretical equation to give more precise prediction of the tire performance on sand for most areas in the world.

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