PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL INDICATORS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF OUTBREAKS OF THE SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA (CLEM.) (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)

1950 ◽  
Vol 28d (6) ◽  
pp. 308-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. G. Wellington ◽  
J. J. Fettes ◽  
R. M. Belyea ◽  
K. B. Turner
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Biological Indicators ◽  
Malacosoma Disstria ◽  
Forest Tent Caterpillar ◽  
Northeastern North America ◽  
Host Trees ◽  
Significant Events ◽  
Tent Caterpillar

Biological and meteorological records were examined for periods when outbreaks of the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.), were known to have occurred in northeastern North America. The survey showed that the following significant events occurred during the period of three to four years preceding an outbreak. Decreasing annual numbers of low pressure centers passed over the area in which the outbreak later occurred. Therefore, the outbreak began at a time of decreased or minimal storminess. Drought occurred, chiefly in June and July, but also occasionally in spring and autumn. Annual increments of host trees on dry sites declined. Outbreaks of the forest tent caterpillar, Malacosoma disstria Hbn., occurred, particularly in Ontario. These events, in aggregate, occurred so consistently before spruce budworm outbreaks that they have future predictive value. In addition, they reinforce some suggestions made by earlier authors and suggest modifications of hypotheses concerning the behavior of developing populations of the spruce budworm.

INFECTION AND MORTALITY OF SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA, AND FOREST TENT CATERPILLAR, MALACOSOMA DISSTRIA, CAUSED BY NUCLEAR AND CYTOPLASMIC POLYHEDROSIS VIRUSES

1969 ◽  
Vol 101 (12) ◽  
pp. 1269-1285 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. T. Bird
Keyword(s):  
Larval Development ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Malacosoma Disstria ◽  
Forest Tent Caterpillar ◽  
Cytoplasmic Polyhedrosis Virus ◽  
Polyhedrosis Virus ◽  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis ◽  
Tent Caterpillar

AbstractCytoplasmic polyhedrosis viruses are, in general, more infectious to spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens), and forest tent caterpillar, Malacosoma disstria (Hübner), than the nuclear polyhedrosis viruses which affect these insects. The cytoplasmic polyhedrosis viruses interfere with and retard development of the nuclear polyhedrosis viruses.Larvae of both insects, as they grow older, develop resistance to both viruses. Resistance develops more rapidly and to a greater degree against the nuclear polyhedrosis than against the cytoplasmic polyhedrosis viruses.The nuclear polyhedrosis viruses are more lethal than the cytoplasmic polyhedrosis viruses, and all larvae infected with the nuclear polyhedrosis viruses die except those infected so late in larval development that they are able to pupate. Most young larvae infected with the cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus die or are seriously affected, but infection has progressively less effect as the larvae mature.

EFFECTS OF THE MICROSPORIDIA NOSEMA DISSTRIAE AND PLEISTOPHORA SCHUBERGI ON THE SURVIVAL OF THE FOREST TENT CATERPILLAR, MALACOSOMA DISSTRIA (LEPIDOPTERA: LASIOCAMPIDAE)

1977 ◽  
Vol 109 (7) ◽  
pp. 1021-1022 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. G. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Malacosoma Disstria ◽  
Forest Tent Caterpillar ◽  
Laboratory Cultures ◽  
Tent Caterpillar

During the summers of 1973 and 1974 examination of field collected samples of the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana, revealed the presence of a Pleistophora sp. (Wilson 1975). It has subsequently been determined as Pleistophora schubergi (Weiser 196 1 and pers. comm.). This microsporidium also appeared in laboratory cultures of the forest tent caterpillar, Malacosoma disstria. M. disstria is often infected in nature by the microsporidium Nosema disstriae. Preliminary tests were undertaken to compare the effects of these two microsporidia on the development of the forest tent caterpillar.

AIR-MASS CLIMATOLOGY OF ONTARIO NORTH OF LAKE HURON AND LAKE SUPERIOR BEFORE OUTBREAKS OF THE SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA (CLEM.), AND THE FOREST TENT CATERPILLAR, MALACOSOMA DISSTRIA HBN. (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE; LASIOCAMPIDAE)

1952 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. G. Wellington
Keyword(s):  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Circulation Pattern ◽  
Malacosoma Disstria ◽  
Annual Number ◽  
Forest Tent Caterpillar ◽  
Northern Ontario ◽  
Air Masses ◽  
Cloudy Weather ◽  
Tent Caterpillar

Previous work showed that ideal physical conditions for the development of the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.), occur when the weather is relatively dry and clear. These conditions have tended to occur in summers when the annual number of cyclonic centers passing over the area was declining, and have preceded past outbreaks. On the other hand, the physical requirements of the forest tent caterpillar, Malacosoma disstria Hbn., include warm, humid, cloudy weather during much of the larval stage, and outbreaks of this species in Ontario have begun after an increase in the annual number of cyclonic passages. While the annual number of cyclonic passages is declining in periods before spruce budworm outbreaks in northern Ontario, the number of these passages in the summer months falls below average. Furthermore, the majority of the centers that do pass in these months contain air masses of polar continental or maritime origin. The more humid southwestern air masses are usually barred from the area by a southward shift of the whole circulation pattern. This situation is reversed in periods before M. disstria outbreaks. While the annual number of passages is increasing, the number occurring in the summer months is above average, as is the proportion of southwestern air masses occurring in these months. Northern and western air masses are usually active farther north, owing to a northward shift of the whole circulation pattern.

EFFECT OF HOST AND NONHOST TREES ON THE GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE FOREST TENT CATERPILLAR, MALACOSOMA DISSTRIA (LEPIDOPTERA: LASIOCAMPIDAE)

1997 ◽  
Vol 129 (6) ◽  
pp. 991-999 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.W. Nicol ◽  
J.T. Arnason ◽  
B. Helson ◽  
M.M. Abou-Zaid
Keyword(s):  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Acer Saccharum ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Acer Rubrum ◽  
Malacosoma Disstria ◽  
Forest Tent Caterpillar ◽  
Host Trees ◽  
Growth Inhibitory ◽  
The Many ◽  
Tent Caterpillar

AbstractLarval growth and pupal parameters of the forest tent caterpillar (Malacosoma disstria Hübner) reared on the foliage of two host trees (Populus tremuloides Michx. and Acer saccharum Marsh.) and one nonhost tree (Acer rubrum L.) were quantified. This was achieved by undertaking a larval development bioassay under controlled laboratory conditions, but using fresh leaves collected in two field seasons. Larvae fed foliage of P. tremuloides grew exponentially and began to pupate after 3 weeks. Larvae fed with A. saccharum gained significantly less weight and had a reduced number of larvae pupate, and the pupae weighed significantly less than their counterparts fed on P. tremuloides. All larvae that were fed the foliage of A. rubrum died within 2 weeks. A nutritional utilization bioassay with fourth-instar larvae revealed that the foliage of A. saccharum has a growth-inhibitory component, whereas that of A. rubrum is antifeedant. Reasons are discussed for the discrepancy between the many reports of A. saccharum being a food host for M. disstria in the field and the laboratory results.

scholarly journals Preliminary hazard rating for forest tent caterpillar in British Columbia

2010 ◽  
Vol 86 (5) ◽  
pp. 636-648
Author(s):  
Imre S. Otvos ◽  
Kangakola Omendja ◽  
Sharene Foord ◽  
Nicholas Conder ◽  
Neil Borecky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
North America ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Black Spruce ◽  
Malacosoma Disstria ◽  
Forest Tent Caterpillar ◽  
One Year ◽  
Hazard Rating ◽  
Tent Caterpillar

Forest tent caterpillar (Malacosoma disstria Hübner) is a major defoliator of hardwoods throughout North America, including aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.). M. disstria has been a major concern in many parts of Canada for the last two decades, but until recently in British Columbia it was considered an aesthetic concern only. However, with the increasing interest in the cultivation of hardwoods for fibre, and more recently for fuel, this insect could become a major concern in hardwood management. Records of past M. disstria outbreaks in British Columbia were summarized. The locations and intensity of six outbreaks were overlaid on biogeoclimatic units to determine which biogeoclimatic zones have experienced repeated outbreaks of M. disstria. Between 1944 and 2003, M. disstria outbreaks have become larger in extent and longer in duration. Analysis indicated that aspen stands in the Boreal White and Black Spruce (BWBS), Sub- Boreal Spruce (SBS) and Interior Cedar-Hemlock (ICH) biogeoclimatic zones have been most frequently attacked. In the BWBS zone, most affected areas (93.3%) were defoliated for only one year (lightly). In the SBS and ICH zones, areas attacked by M. disstria tended to be defoliated two or more consecutive years (40.2% and 56.2%, respectively), and had a greater chance of being more severely defoliated than aspen stands in the BWBS zone. Key words: Malacosoma disstria, forest tent caterpillar, damage, outbreaks, hazard rating

ENTOMOPHTHORA CRUSTOSA N. SP. AS A PATHOGEN OF THE FOREST TENT CATERPILLAR, MALACOSOMA DISSTRIA (LEPIDOPTERA: LASIOCAMPIDAE)

1979 ◽  
Vol 111 (10) ◽  
pp. 1137-1144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald M. MacLeod ◽  
David Tyrrell
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Malacosoma Disstria ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Forest Tent Caterpillar ◽  
Widespread Occurrence ◽  
Conidial State ◽  
Resting Spore ◽  
Mode Of Development ◽  
Tent Caterpillar

AbstractEntomophthora crustosa n. sp. pathogenic for Malacosoma species (principally M. disstria Hbn.), is described. It is characterized in the conidial state by a hymenial coating which, at maturity, forms a crust-like covering, cinnamon brown, over the surface of infected insects, and by conidial size. In the resting spore (zygospore) state the distinguishing attributes are ornamentation of the zygospores and their mode of development. The pathogen grows readily on coagulated egg-yolk media.The fungus is briefly compared with 10 other closely related Entomophthora species. Entomophthora crustosa seems to be of widespread occurrence in eastern North America.

STUDIES ON DIPTEROUS PARASITES OF THE SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA (CLEM.) (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE): I. SARCOPHAGA ALDRICHI PARK. (DIPTERA: SARCOPHAGIDAE)

1953 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 374-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Arthur ◽  
H. C. Coppel
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
North America ◽  
Choristoneura Fumiferana ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Malacosoma Disstria ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Pork Liver ◽  
Native Parasite ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Important Parasite

Sarcophaga aldrichi Park. is a native parasite which has been reared continually, though in small numbers, from Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.) in British Columbia. It is also an important parasite of Malacosoma disstria Hbn. and is apparently widely distributed throughout North America. The parasite can be reared in the laboratory on pork liver, or on a mixture of liver and fish, from larvae deposited on the rearing medium by ovoviviparous females. The total time required for development from deposition of the larvae to the beginning of puparial formation was five to eight days. The puparia were formed 7 to 44 days later. No adults emerged without a period of diapause, which normally lasted throughout the winter months. The distinguishing characters of the immature stages are described. The methods used in rearing spruce budworm pupae for obtaining parasites are outlined.

PATHOGENICITY OF ANUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS VIRUS TO FOREST TENT CATERPILLAR, MALACOSOMA DISSTRIA (HÜBNER) (LEPIDOPTERA: LASIOCAMPIDAE)

1997 ◽  
Vol 129 (1) ◽  
pp. 195-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.M. Ebling ◽  
W.J. Kaupp
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus ◽  
North American Species ◽  
Malacosoma Disstria ◽  
Forest Tent Caterpillar ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Polyhedrosis Virus ◽  
Nuclear Polyhedrosis ◽  
Tent Caterpillar

The forest tent caterpillar, Malacosoma disstria Hiibner, is widely distributed throughout North America and is subject to a variety of naturally occurring infectious diseases, including a nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV). NPVs have been isolated from several Malacosoma species in North America and Europe, including M. disstria, M. neustria, M. americanum, M. fragile, M. alpicola, M. californicum, M. pluviale, and M. constrictum (Stairs 1964). The viruses isolated from all North American species of Malacosoma may be cross transmitted from one species to another (Clark 1958). Distinctive isolates of NPV have been characterized from populations of M. disstria in Alberta (Keddie and Erlandson 1995) and Ontario (Ebling and Kaupp 1995).

scholarly journals Forest Tent Caterpillar, Malacosoma disstria Hübner (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae)

EDIS ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 2004 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Meeker
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Allergic Reaction ◽  
Cooperative Extension Service ◽  
Malacosoma Disstria ◽  
Extension Service ◽  
Forest Tent Caterpillar ◽  
University Of Florida ◽  
Feeding Sites ◽  
Hardwood Trees ◽  
Tent Caterpillar

The forest tent caterpillar, Malacosoma disstria Hübner, is the most widely distributed indigenous tent caterpillar in North America (Furniss and Carolin 1977). The forest tent caterpillar has been recognized as an important defoliator of a wide variety of deciduous hardwood trees throughout its range for many years (Batzer and Morris 1978). Although this univoltine insect is called a tent caterpillar, it is unlike other Malacosoma species in that the larvae do not construct tents. Instead, forest tent caterpillars spin silken mats on the trunks and large branches where they congregate to molt or rest from feeding. Larvae also deposit silk in strands along which they travel to and from feeding sites. The caterpillars themselves are relatively harmless to people (i.e., they do not bite or sting) although a few people have an allergic reaction to handling them. This document is EENY-184 (originally published as DPI Entomology Circular 385), one of a series of Featured Creatures from the Entomology and Nematology Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Published: January 2001.  EENY-184/IN341: Forest Tent Caterpillar, Malacosoma disstria H�bner (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae) (ufl.edu)

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document