PERISTIWA MAKAN DALAM KULTUR MASA KINI DAN EKARISTI

Peristiwa makan adalah moment berharga bagi manusia. Makan bukan hanya peristiwa memasukkan makanan ke dalam mulut namun lebih dari itu peristiwa makan memiliki makna yang mendalam antara lain sebagai interaksi sosial dan identitas kultural. Makan adalah kegiatan sehari-hari yang selalu dilakukan manusia. Untuk bertahan hidup manusia harus makan. Seiring berjalannya waktu peristiwa makan bukan sekadar untuk mengenyangkan perut tapi juga suatu simbol untuk merayakan peristiwa penting. Bahkan dalam Kitab Suci banyak peristiwa iman yang ditandai dengan peristiwa makan. Peristiwa makan ini dimaknai sebagai moment perjumpaan kehidupan. Dalam tradisi Kristiani kita juga menemukan tradisi perjamuan ilahi yakni Ekaristi. Inti dari perayaan Ekaristi adalah ‘makan’ Tubuh dan Darah Kristus yakni yang disebut dengan Hosti dan Anggur. Segala bentuk aktivitas makan dalam kehidupan manusia dapat berdaya guna dan dapat membantu manusia memakani hidupnya dengan lebih mendalam. Untuk itu buah pemikiran dari teologi makan sangat dibutuhkan agar proses pencarian makna terdalam dari peristiwa makan pada kultur masa kini dan Ekaristi dapat ditemukan. The occasion of eating is considered a precious moment for all people. Eating is not just a regime of putting food into the mouth, but rather than that, it is of deeper significance. Eating has means of social interaction and also of cultural identity. It is a day to day regular everyone committed to. In order to survive, humans are obliged to eat. As history went by, eating is not just an act of satiating the gut, but also marking significant events. In the Bible, numerous events of faith are celebrated through eating. To eat is to attend a life encounter. In Christian traditions, we understand that the Eucharist is a divine form of eating. The core of the Eucharist is to 'eat' the Corpus and Blood of Christ which is present in the Host and Wine. Any kinds of eating there is, shall give empowerment to help humans understand their lives more deeply. Thus, the fruit of the idea of the theology of eating is required to seek deepest eloquence from the occasion of eating in present culture and the Eucharist, shall be found.

Current metaphoric models in modern Spanish media discourse

In the article, a metaphor as a universal category of thinking, a special cognitive analogy-based operation, and a method of modeling reality, is investigated on journalistic materials of modern Spanish media discourse, the online version of the Spanish newspaper EL MUNDO in particular from the discursive point of view. The use of various types of metaphors by Spanish politicians, which are part of the national-linguistic picture of the world, is examined on the example of media materials concerning the most significant events in the internal life of Spain and international community. Based on the classification by A.P. Chudinov, a semantic and quantitative analysis of metaphorical models in Spanish media discourse is carried out. It is concluded that at the time being Spanish political discourse abounds predominantly in anthropomorphic and sociomorphic metaphors. It was also found that the most frequent is the use of morbial metaphors, which reflect the crisis the Spanish society is undergoing in the pandemic period and its economic, political and social impact on the life of modern Spanish society.

The Jerilderie Letter and Others

It is the purpose of this chapter to investigate the opportunities that lie with drawing on the personal letters of an iconic historical figure so as to implant into the process of telling his story through the medium of tourism a sensitive interpretation and meaning of historical events in which he was involved. The claim will be that input from the letters could be used to conjure a particular ‘spirit' of and ‘personality' for any place at which significant events occurred, and in so doing give to that place a special identity, its genius loci. It is a process of enrichment and value-adding. Using a story embedded in the history of 19th-century Australia, the study uses a custom-built form of narrative analysis to disaggregate six selected personal letters authored by the selected historical figure and to interpret their potential for enriching the telling of his story through tourism.

Features of formation of parks-monuments of lanscape art of the second half of the XX century of Ukrainian Polissia

The formation of park-monuments of landscape art was analyzed from a historical perspective. In the second half of the twentieth century, two national and nine local park-monuments of landscape art were created in Ukrainian Polissya. The purpose of PMLA is the protection and the preservation of the most prominent and valuable examples of park construction in order to use them for aesthetic, educational, scientific, environmental and health purposes. By the placement in the planning structure of inhabited localities are defined city, village and district parks. The motivation for the creation of parks was the preservation, reproduction and enrichment of tree diversity in the conditions of the Ukrainian Polissya. In the parks were planted technical, fast-growing, rare species, and species of woody plants valuable for forestry and landscape gardening with their subsequent use for scientific and economic purposes. Some of the plantations in the parks were memorable, anniversary, or dedicated to significant events (the anniversary of the October Revolution and the birthday of V.I. Lenin). In Ukrainian Polissya, there are three parks created on the basis of existing oak plantations “Klevanskyi Park”, “Park Antonivka”, “Bondaretskyi”); one - on the basis of man-made plantations with Acer platanoides L., Carpinus betulus L., Fraxinus excelsior L., Tilia cordata Mill. (“Ovrutskyi”); three parks of culture and recreation (“Horodnianskyi”, “Vysokivskyi”, “Slovianskyi”) including a meadow park (“Slovianskyi”), a children's park (“Bondaretskyi”), three arboretums (“Dubechnenskyi”, “Bairak”, “Novostavskyi dendropark”, “Zhornivskyi”), which were transformed over time, or which were granted the status of PMLA. By the size, PMLA were small, medium, and large with star, axial, fan, loop, cross-shaped and combined planning structures. In four PMLA, there were man-made and natural reservoirs, and a fountain. Five parks were combined (memorial and park of culture and rest); there were concentrated memorial complexes, monuments, and an obelisk. Plantings of parks are represented by groups, solitairs, alleys, ordinary plantings, hedges, and sometimes by groves and massifs. On the territory of 11 PMLA grew 178 species of woody plants, with 121 of them being included to the IUCN Red List. In 4 parks, since their creation the number of species increased by 75–129%; in 6 parks tree diversity decreased, with 29 to 87% of tree plant species remaining, among them 66–94% of trees were rare. 11 PMLA are valuable centers of tree diversity and unique plantings of Ukrainian Polissya; and an example of the formation of didactic, ethnographic, memorial, children's, culture and recreation, and combined parks that need further protection and expansion of the area and collection. Some parks are in need of planting reconstruction.

A.S. Masalimov as the founder and leader of a new direction in ESR spectroscopy and quantum chemistry of free radicals

The article highlights the creative path of A.S. Masalimov, an outstanding Kazakhstan chemist who celebrates his 70th anniversary in 2022. The main stages of his career and significant events of his scientific career are presented here. The contribution of professor A.S. Masalimov in the foundation and development of the school of ESR spectroscopy and quantum chemistry at the Karaganda Buketov University is shown.

The Potter’s Wheel in the Chilean Central Valley: A Long-Term and Contextual Perspective on Technological Change

In this article the social and technological dynamics detected in the transition from hand-made pottery to wheel-thrown ware in a modern context is considered. The many different sources supplemented by fieldwork provide a long-term perspective and a depiction of its present consequences. It is specifically explained, how an indigenous, hand-made, domestic and female pottery-production system has turned into an essentially male, wheel-thrown and workshop activity. After a series of significant events, the Indian village of Pomaire gained a reputation as a potter’s village. The several changes underwent by its population as regards to pottery production makes it an interesting example to analyse the origin and development of a process of technological change which ended up with the displacement of women from pottery-making and the introduction of the means for mechanised production during the 1980s. Thus, the social and technical transformations which have taken place since colonial times (beginning of the 16th century), for the potters of Pomaire are explained, enlarged on their history in order to contribute to a general reflection.

BMP Signaling: Lighting up the Way for Embryonic Dorsoventral Patterning

One of the most significant events during early embryonic development is the establishment of a basic embryonic body plan, which is defined by anteroposterior, dorsoventral (DV), and left-right axes. It is well-known that the morphogen gradient created by BMP signaling activity is crucial for DV axis patterning across a diverse set of vertebrates. The regulation of BMP signaling during DV patterning has been strongly conserved across evolution. This is a remarkable regulatory and evolutionary feat, as the BMP gradient has been maintained despite the tremendous variation in embryonic size and shape across species. Interestingly, the embryonic DV axis exhibits robust stability, even in face of variations in BMP signaling. Multiple lines of genetic, molecular, and embryological evidence have suggested that numerous BMP signaling components and their attendant regulators act in concert to shape the developing DV axis. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the function and regulation of BMP signaling in DV patterning. Throughout, we focus specifically on popular model animals, such as Xenopus and zebrafish, highlighting the similarities and differences of the regulatory networks between species. We also review recent advances regarding the molecular nature of DV patterning, including the initiation of the DV axis, the formation of the BMP gradient, and the regulatory molecular mechanisms behind BMP signaling during the establishment of the DV axis. Collectively, this review will help clarify our current understanding of the molecular nature of DV axis formation.

SEISMICITY of KAMCHATKA and COMMANDER ISLANDS in 2015

The seismicity review of Kamchatka and surrounding territories for 2015 is given. In the Kamchatka earthquake catalogue, the minimum local magnitude of completeness is MLmin=3.5, and for earthquakes with h≥350 km under the Okhotsk sea MLmin=3.6. The Kamchatka earthquake catalogue for 2015 with ML3.5, published in the Appendix to this issue, includes 1213 events. 92 earthquakes of the catalogue with ML=3.0–6.5 were felt in Kamchatka and surrounding areas with seismic intensity I=2–6 according to the MSK-64 scale. For all events with ML5.0 that occurred in 2015 in the KB GS RAS area of responsibility, an attempt to calculate the seismic moment tensor (SMT) was made. There are 32 such events in the regional catalogue. For 28 earthquakes the SMT and depth h of the equivalent point source were calculated successfully. The calculations were performed for the SMT double-couple model using a nonlinear algorithm. In 2015, a typical location of the earthquake epicenters was observed in the Kamchatka zone. In 2015, the seismicity level in all selected zones and in the region as a whole correspond to the background one according to the “SESL’09” scale. The number of recorded events with ML3.5 and strong earthquakes with ML5.0 is close to the average annual value. Anomalous and significant events were not recorded.

“Every human action is anthropophagic”

The Freudian theory and the era of acceleration announced by the Futurist Manifesto arrived in Brazil in 1899 and 1909, respectively. Afterwards the concrete reception of these two significant events became more than the symptomatic revelation of the shocks provoked by industrial modernity and its powerful undercurrent of anxieties. The poet, „clown“, writer and major figure of the Brazilian modernist avant-garde, Oswald de Andrade (1890-1954) absorbed Freud and the Futurist Manifesto at once, re-pragmatized and re-semantized them. Oswald's concept of Cultural Anthropophagy (1928) as a central interpretative strategy, to be exact, an hermeneutic approach is defined by Haroldo de Campos aptly: “Oswald's ‘Anthropophagy’ [...] is the thought of critical devoration of the universal cultural heritage” (Campos,1986). The introduction of the anthropophagic trope inspired by Native Americans’ metaphysics leads the poet to a subversion of the Gestalt/Behavior psychological theories: “The anthropophagic function of the psychological behavior is reduced to two parts: 1) totemiser the external taboos; 2) create a new taboo in exogamic function” (Andrade,1929). From 1928 to 1950 the Anthropophagy approach on the interaction between the individual and the environment gained philosophical consistency. Oswald's thesis is a conceptual alternative that attempted to bring answers through the amplification of our ethical becoming. As an epistemological perspective attentive to the different modes of existence, the proposition of Oswald is a field of transformative practices having the power to overcome the techno-industrial paradigms. I will examine the contribution of Oswald de Andrade to theoretical psychology and to the issues that arise in an “Era of Acceleration” where the symbolic field is replaced by a cybernetic field.

Chronology of the Development of Zine Culture in Ukraine and United States of America

The aim of the article is to study such a design phenomenon as «zine» in terms of etymology of the name and its synonymous variability in English and Ukrainian. The main attention is paid to the ordering and systematization of the chronology of the formation of zine culture in Ukraine and America from the first carriers of the idea of distribution of limited editions to the present day. The development of zine culture in these regions took place in parallel with the acquisition of originality, depending on the socio-cultural situation and technological progress. Adherence to the set goal involves the study of the possibilities of using zines in society, in particular in modern Ukraine. Currently, samizdat has integrated into a new culture and is becoming part of contemporary art and literature. Research methodology. To carry out this study, the method of analysis, comparison and generalization of the documentation of the development of zine culture and its scientific analysis was used. Scientific novelty. The article reviews the parallel formation of zine culture in Ukraine and America. Based on the analysis of different points of view on the stages of development of zines and significant events that influenced it, the author’s chronology is proposed, structured according to three criteria – purpose and content, technical progress, institutionalization of zine culture. Conclusions. The article provides an overview of the historical background of the origin of the terms «zine» and «samizdat», which revealed the semantic similarity of the terms «zine» and «magazine». At the same time, the unique properties of zine as an object with permission for authentic (uncensored) expression, free from commerce, independent of common aesthetic, linguistic and spelling standards, full of unique ability to broadcast creativity and innovation, become apparent. Zine has been found to be a recognized category of publications that a number of scholars and practitioners have sought to single out as an independent form of design. The Zines draw on a long history of independent, alternative, and sometimes radical publications that began long before the first Zines appeared in the 1930s. Over the past century, they have evolved with the communities that produced them and the new technologies that have become available.